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CONTRIBUTING.md

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JSON Schema

You can contribute in a variety of ways. For a detailed tutorial, read Scott Addie's Community-Driven JSON Schemas in Visual Studio 2015 blog post.

  1. Submit new JSON schema files
  2. Add a JSON schema file to the catalog
  3. Modify/update existing schema files

Versioning of schema files are handled by modifying the file name to include the version number: myschema-1.2.json

When uploading a new schema file, make sure it targets a file that is commonly used or has potential for broad uptake.

Keep single source of truth. Do not copy an external schema here, but point the catalog to the external schema.

If you don't have Visual Studio (using macOS or Linux?), you can check your modifications are fine by running:

make

Adding to catalog

After adding a schema file in src/schemas, register them in alphabetical order in the schema catalog by adding an entry corresponding to your schema:

{
  "description": "Schema description",
  "fileMatch": ["list of well-known filenames matching schema"],
  "name": "Friendly schema name",
  "url": "https://json.schemastore.org/<schemaName>.json"
}

Best practices

✔️ Use the lowest possible schema draft needed, preferably Draft v4, to ensure interoperability with as many supported editors, IDEs and parsers as possible.

✔️ Use base.json schema for draft-07 and base-04.json for draft-04 with some common types for all schemas.

❌ Don't forget add test files.

  • Always be consistent across your schema: order properties and describe in the one style.
  • Always use $comment to note about something to developers. You can refer to some issues here.
  • Always use title when property type is an object to enhance editor experience which use this property to show errors (like VS Code). Why?
  • Always use description, type, additionalProperties.
    • Always set additionalProperties to false until documentation permits additional properties explicitly. That tool the JSON schema is created for can be changed in the future to allow wrong extra properties.
  • Always use minLength/maxLength/pattern/etc for property values.
  • Don't end title/description values with colon.
  • Always omit leading articles for title-s and trailing punctuation to make expected object values look more like types in programming languages. Also start title-s with a lowercase letter and try use nouns for titles instead of sentences.
  • Always explicitly state whether some setting is global for some tool or local for a project created with this tool. For instance if some settings is local then add for the current <project-type> at the end of the description like Whether to ignore a theme configuration for the current site for Jekyll.
  • Always add documentation url to descriptions when available in the following format: <description>\n<url> like "Whether to ignore a theme configuration for the current site\nhttps://jekyllrb.com/docs/configuration/options/#global-configuration".
  • Don't add undocumented properties or features to the schema.

Adding tests (for local schemas only)

To make sure that files are validated against your schema correctly (we strongly suggest adding at least one before creating a pull request):

  1. Create a subfolder in src/test named as your schema file
  2. Create one or more .json, .yml, .yaml or toml files in that folder

Adding negative tests

To make sure that invalid files fail to validate against your schema, use a subfolder in src/negative_test/ instead.

Run build locally

  • Install NodeJS (The minimum required NodeJS version "engines" is defined in package.json)
  • In subdirectory src/, run npm clean-install
  • In subdirectory src/, run npm run build (to test a single schema, use ./node_modules/.bin/grunt --SchemaName=<jsonFileName.json> default)

If the build succeeds, your changes are valid and you can safely create a PR.

Self-hosting schemas

If you wish to retain full control over your schema definition, simply register it in the schema catalog by providing a url pointing to the self-hosted schema file to the entry. Example on how to handle multiple schema versions.

How to $ref from schema_x.json to schema_y.json

  • Both schemas must exist locally in SchemaStore.
  • Both schemas must have the same draft (example draft-04)
  • schema_y.json must have id or $id with this value "https://json.schemastore.org/schema_y.json"
  • In schema_x.json, add ref to schema_y.json: "$ref": "https://json.schemastore.org/schema_y.json#..."
  • In schema-validation.json, in "options": [] list add "schema_x.json": {"externalSchema": ["schema_y.json"]}

Recommended Editor Extensions

This project uses EditorConfig to configure editor settings and Prettier to configure file formatting. Please install the EditorConfig and Prettier extensions for your IDE or code editor if they are not natively supported.

Validation mode

SchemaStore supports three types of schema validation mode.

Avoid common PR problems

  • git merge conflict in catalog.json because you added the item to the end of the list instead of alphabetically.
  • Prettier build server failed because the PR was created/push from an organization and not from your own account.