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grammar.abnf
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grammar.abnf
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; This document is in ABNF, see <https://tools.ietf.org/html/std68>
; This document uses RFC 7405 to add case-sensitive literals to ABNF.
; ------------- Characters -------------
banned = %x00-08 / %x0B-0C / %x0E-1F ; C0 other than LF CR and Tab
/ %x7F ; DEL
/ %x80-9F ; C1
/ %xD800-DFFF ; Surrogates
/ %xFFFE-FFFF ; invalid
; All other rules assume the absence of any banned characters
; DIGIT = %x30-39 ; 0 through 9 -- defined in RFC 5234 section B.1
nonzero = %x31-39 ; 1 through 9
ucletter = %x41-5A ; A through Z
underscore = %x5F ; _
atsign = %x40 ; @
; ------------- Lines -------------
Line = Level D [Xref D] Tag [D LineVal] EOL
Level = "0" / nonzero *DIGIT
D = %x20 ; space
Xref = atsign 1*tagchar atsign ; but not "@VOID@"
Tag = stdTag / extTag
LineVal = pointer / lineStr
EOL = %x0D [%x0A] / %x0A ; CR-LF, CR, or LF
stdTag = ucletter *tagchar
extTag = underscore 1*tagchar
tagchar = ucletter / DIGIT / underscore
pointer = voidPtr / Xref
voidPtr = %s"@VOID@"
nonAt = %x09 / %x20-3F / %x41-10FFFF ; non-EOL, non-@
nonEOL = %x09 / %x20-10FFFF ; non-EOL
lineStr = (nonAt / atsign atsign) *nonEOL ; leading @ doubled
; ------------- Text -------------
anychar = %x09-10FFFF ; but not banned, as with all ABNF rules
Text = *anychar
; ------------- Integer -------------
Integer = 1*DIGIT
; ------------- Enumeration -------------
stdEnum = stdTag / Integer
Enum = stdEnum / extTag
; ------------- Date -------------
DateValue = [ date / DatePeriod / dateRange / dateApprox ]
DateExact = day D month D year ; in Gregorian calendar
DatePeriod = [ %s"TO" D date ]
/ %s"FROM" D date [ D %s"TO" D date ]
; note both DateValue and DatePeriod can be the empty string
date = [calendar D] [[day D] month D] year [D epoch]
dateRange = %s"BET" D date D %s"AND" D date
/ %s"AFT" D date
/ %s"BEF" D date
dateApprox = (%s"ABT" / %s"CAL" / %s"EST") D date
dateRestrict = %s"FROM" / %s"TO" / %s"BET" / %s"AND" / %s"BEF"
/ %s"AFT" / %s"ABT" / %s"CAL" / %s"EST"
calendar = %s"GREGORIAN" / %s"JULIAN" / %s"FRENCH_R" / %s"HEBREW"
/ extTag
day = Integer
year = Integer
month = stdTag / extTag ; constrained by calendar
epoch = %s"BCE" / extTag ; constrained by calendar
; ------------- Time -------------
Time = hour ":" minute [":" second ["." fraction]] [%s"Z"]
hour = DIGIT / ("0" / "1") DIGIT / "2" ("0" / "1" / "2" / "3")
minute = ("0" / "1" / "2" / "3" / "4" / "5") DIGIT
second = ("0" / "1" / "2" / "3" / "4" / "5") DIGIT
fraction = 1*DIGIT
; ------------- Age -------------
Age = [[ageBound D] ageDuration]
ageBound = "<" / ">"
ageDuration = years [D months] [D weeks] [D days]
/ months [D weeks] [D days]
/ weeks [D days]
/ days
years = Integer %x79 ; 35y
months = Integer %x6D ; 11m
weeks = Integer %x77 ; 8w
days = Integer %x64 ; 21d
; ------------- List -------------
list = listItem *(listDelim listItem)
listItem = [ nocommasp / nocommasp *nocomma nocommasp ]
listDelim = *D "," *D
nocomma = %x09-2B / %x2D-10FFFF
nocommasp = %x09-1D / %x21-2B / %x2D-10FFFF
List-Text = list
List-Enum = Enum *(listDelim Enum)
; ------------- Personal Name -------------
PersonalName = nameStr
/ [nameStr] "/" [nameStr] "/" [nameStr]
nameChar = %x20-2E / %x30-10FFFF ; any but '/' and '\t'
nameStr = 1*nameChar
; ------------- Media Type -------------
MediaType = type "/" subtype parameters
; ------------- Special -------------
Special = Text
; ABNF derived from RFC 5646 section 2.1
Language-Tag = langtag ; normal language tags
/ privateuse ; private use tag
/ grandfathered ; grandfathered tags
langtag = language
["-" script]
["-" region]
*("-" variant)
*("-" extension)
["-" privateuse]
language = 2*3ALPHA ; shortest ISO 639 code
["-" extlang] ; sometimes followed by
; extended language subtags
/ 4ALPHA ; or reserved for future use
/ 5*8ALPHA ; or registered language subtag
extlang = 3ALPHA ; selected ISO 639 codes
*2("-" 3ALPHA) ; permanently reserved
script = 4ALPHA ; ISO 15924 code
region = 2ALPHA ; ISO 3166-1 code
/ 3DIGIT ; UN M.49 code
variant = 5*8alphanum ; registered variants
/ (DIGIT 3alphanum)
extension = singleton 1*("-" (2*8alphanum))
; Single alphanumerics
; "x" reserved for private use
singleton = DIGIT ; 0 - 9
/ %x41-57 ; A - W
/ %x59-5A ; Y - Z
/ %x61-77 ; a - w
/ %x79-7A ; y - z
privateuse = "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum))
grandfathered = irregular ; non-redundant tags registered
/ regular ; during the RFC 3066 era
irregular = "en-GB-oed" ; irregular tags do not match
/ "i-ami" ; the 'langtag' production and
/ "i-bnn" ; would not otherwise be
/ "i-default" ; considered 'well-formed'
/ "i-enochian" ; These tags are all valid,
/ "i-hak" ; but most are deprecated
/ "i-klingon" ; in favor of more modern
/ "i-lux" ; subtags or subtag
/ "i-mingo" ; combination
/ "i-navajo"
/ "i-pwn"
/ "i-tao"
/ "i-tay"
/ "i-tsu"
/ "sgn-BE-FR"
/ "sgn-BE-NL"
/ "sgn-CH-DE"
regular = "art-lojban" ; these tags match the 'langtag'
/ "cel-gaulish" ; production, but their subtags
/ "no-bok" ; are not extended language
/ "no-nyn" ; or variant subtags: their meaning
/ "zh-guoyu" ; is defined by their registration
/ "zh-hakka" ; and all of these are deprecated
/ "zh-min" ; in favor of a more modern
/ "zh-min-nan" ; subtag or sequence of subtags
/ "zh-xiang"
alphanum = (ALPHA / DIGIT) ; letters and numbers
; ABNF derived from RFC 2045 section 5.1
type = discrete-type / composite-type
discrete-type = "text" / "image" / "audio" / "video" /
"application" / extension-token
composite-type = "message" / "multipart" / extension-token
extension-token = ietf-token / x-token
ietf-token = type-name
x-token = "x-" token
subtype = extension-token / iana-token
iana-token = subtype-name
; ABNF derived from RFC 6838 section 4.2
type-name = restricted-name
subtype-name = restricted-name
restricted-name = restricted-name-first *126restricted-name-chars
restricted-name-first = ALPHA / DIGIT
restricted-name-chars = ALPHA / DIGIT / "!" / "#" /
"$" / "&" / "-" / "^" / "_"
restricted-name-chars =/ "." ; Characters before first dot always
; specify a facet name
restricted-name-chars =/ "+" ; Characters after last plus always
; specify a structured syntax suffix
; ABNF derived from RFC 9110 section 5.6
parameters = *( OWS ";" OWS [ parameter ] )
parameter = parameter-name "=" parameter-value
parameter-name = token
parameter-value = ( token / quoted-string )
token = 1*tchar
tchar = "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&" / "'" / "*"
/ "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
/ DIGIT / ALPHA
; any VCHAR, except delimiters
OWS = *( SP / HTAB )
; optional whitespace
quoted-string = DQUOTE *( qdtext / quoted-pair ) DQUOTE
qdtext = HTAB / SP / %x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / obs-text
obs-text = %x80-FF
quoted-pair = "\" ( HTAB / SP / VCHAR / obs-text )
; Core Rules extracted from RFC 5234 section B.1
ALPHA = %x41-5A / %x61-7A ; A-Z / a-z
DIGIT = %x30-39 ; 0-9
SP = %x20
HTAB = %x09 ; horizontal tab
DQUOTE = %x22 ; " (Double Quote)
VCHAR = %x21-7E ; visible (printing) characters