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pbe1-examples.txt
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pbe1-examples.txt
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===== PHARO BY EXAMPLE ==========
Below follow all the (displayed) code examples from the book "Pharo by
Example".
For details about this book, see: http://pharo-project.org/PharoByExample
The examples are provided, as is, for your convenience, in case you want
to copy and paste fragments to Pharo to try out.
Note that in almost all cases the annotation "--> ..." suggests that you
can select and apply <print it> to the previous expression and you should
obtain as a result the value following the arrow.
Many of these actually serve as test cases for the book. For more details
about testing, see the Wiki link under:
http://www.squeaksource.com/PharoByExample.html
Last update: 2011-07-11T18:38:33-07:00
===== CHAPTER: Preface ==========
-----
3 + 4 "--> 7 「3+4を選択して'print it'を選ぶと7が得られる」"
%翻訳メモ: メニューは日本語版にあわせて翻訳しておくか?
-----
===== CHAPTER: Pharoの使い方 ==========
-----
BouncingAtomsMorph new openInWorld
-----
Transcript show: 'hello world'; cr.
-----
3 + 4 "--> 7"
-----
testShout
self assert: ('Don''t panic' shout = 'DON''T PANIC!')
-----
shout
^ self asUppercase, '!'
-----
===== CHAPTER: 最初のアプリケーション ==========
-----
SimpleSwitchMorph subclass: #LOCell
instanceVariableNames: 'mouseAction'
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'PBE-LightsOut'
-----
initialize
super initialize.
self label: ''.
self borderWidth: 2.
bounds := 0@0 corner: 16@16.
offColor := Color paleYellow.
onColor := Color paleBlue darker.
self useSquareCorners.
self turnOff
-----
BorderedMorph subclass: #LOGame
instanceVariableNames: ''
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'PBE-LightsOut'
-----
initialize
| sampleCell width height n |
super initialize.
n := self cellsPerSide.
sampleCell := LOCell new.
width := sampleCell width.
height := sampleCell height.
self bounds: (5@5 extent: ((width*n) @(height*n)) + (2 * self borderWidth)).
cells := Matrix new: n tabulate: [ :i :j | self newCellAt: i at: j ].
-----
LOGame>>cellsPerSide
"The number of cells along each side of the game"
^ 10
-----
LOGame>>newCellAt: i at: j
"Create a cell for position (i,j) and add it to my on-screen
representation at the appropriate screen position. Answer the new cell"
| c origin |
c := LOCell new.
origin := self innerBounds origin.
self addMorph: c.
c position: ((i - 1) * c width) @ ((j - 1) * c height) + origin.
c mouseAction: [self toggleNeighboursOfCellAt: i at: j]
-----
LOGame>>toggleNeighboursOfCellAt: i at: j
(i > 1) ifTrue: [ (cells at: i - 1 at: j ) toggleState].
(i < self cellsPerSide) ifTrue: [ (cells at: i + 1 at: j) toggleState].
(j > 1) ifTrue: [ (cells at: i at: j - 1) toggleState].
(j < self cellsPerSide) ifTrue: [ (cells at: i at: j + 1) toggleState].
-----
LOCell>>mouseAction: aBlock
^ mouseAction := aBlock
-----
LOCell>>mouseUp: anEvent
mouseAction value
-----
LOGame>>newCellAt: i at: j
"Create a cell for position (i,j) and add it to my on-screen
representation at the appropriate screen position. Answer the new cell"
| c origin |
c := LOCell new.
origin := self innerBounds origin.
self addMorph: c.
c position: ((i - 1) * c width) @ ((j - 1) * c height) + origin.
c mouseAction: [self toggleNeighboursOfCellAt: i at: j].
^ c
-----
LOGame>>mouseMove: anEvent
-----
MCHttpRepository
location: 'http://www.squeaksource.com/!\emph{YourProject}!'
user: '!\emph{yourInitials}!'
password: '!\emph{yourPassword}!'
-----
MCHttpRepository
location: 'http://www.squeaksource.com/!\emph{YourProject}!'
user: ''
password: ''
-----
===== CHAPTER: Syntax in a nutshell ==========
-----
(Smalltalk includes: Class) ifTrue: [ Transcript show: Class superclass ]
-----
+ - / \ * ~ < > = @ % | & ! ? ,
-----
2 raisedTo: 1 + 3 factorial "--> 128"
-----
1 + 2 * 3 "--> 9"
-----
1 + (2 * 3) "--> 7"
-----
Transcript cr.
Transcript show: 'hello world'.
Transcript cr
-----
Transcript cr;
show: 'hello world';
cr
-----
String>>lineCount
"Answer the number of lines represented by the receiver,
where every cr adds one line."
| cr count |
cr := Character cr.
count := 1 min: self size.
self do:
[:c | c == cr ifTrue: [count := count + 1]].
^ count
-----
[ 1 + 2 ] value "--> 3"
-----
[ :x | 1 + x ] value: 2 "--> 3"
[ :x :y | x + y ] value: 1 value: 2 "--> 3"
-----
[ :x :y | | z | z := x+ y. z ] value: 1 value: 2 "--> 3"
-----
| x |
x := 1.
[ :y | x + y ] value: 2 "--> 3"
-----
(17 * 13 > 220)
ifTrue: [ 'bigger' ]
ifFalse: [ 'smaller' ] "--> 'bigger'"
-----
n := 1.
[ n < 1000 ] whileTrue: [ n := n*2 ].
n "--> 1024"
-----
n := 1.
[ n > 1000 ] whileFalse: [ n := n*2 ].
n "--> 1024"
-----
n := 1.
10 timesRepeat: [ n := n*2 ].
n "--> 1024"
-----
result := String new.
1 to: 10 do: [:n | result := result, n printString, ' '].
result "--> '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 '"
-----
result := String new.
(1 to: 10) do: [:n | result := result, n printString, ' '].
result "--> '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 '"
-----
(1 to: 10) collect: [ :each | each * each ] "--> #(1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100)"
-----
'hello there' select: [ :char | char isVowel ] "--> 'eoee'"
'hello there' reject: [ :char | char isVowel ] "--> 'hll thr'"
'hello there' detect: [ :char | char isVowel ] "--> $e"
-----
(1 to: 10) inject: 0 into: [ :sum :each | sum + each ] "--> 55"
-----
+ aNumber
"Primitive. Add the receiver to the argument and answer with the result
if it is a SmallInteger. Fail if the argument or the result is not a
SmallInteger Essential No Lookup. See Object documentation whatIsAPrimitive."
<primitive: 1>
^ super + aNumber
-----
===== CHAPTER: メッセージ構文を理解しよう ==========
-----
89 sin "--> 0.860069405812453"
3 sqrt "--> 1.732050807568877"
Float pi "--> 3.141592653589793"
'blop' size "--> 4"
true not "--> false"
Object class "--> Object class The class of Object is Object class (!)"
-----
100@100 "--> 100@100 Pointオブジェクトを生成"
3 + 4 "--> 7"
10 - 1 "--> 9"
4 <= 3 "--> false"
(4/3) * 3 = 4 "--> true 同値性のテストも単なる2項メッセージ。分数オブジェクトは値を正確に表現できる"
(3/4) == (3/4) "--> false 別個に作られた２つの分数オブジェクトは同一ではない"
-----
1 to: 10 "--> (1 to: 10) 区間オブジェクトを生成"
Color r: 1 g: 0 b: 0 "--> Color red 色オブジェクトを返す"
12 between: 8 and: 15 "--> true"
nums := Array newFrom: (1 to: 5).
nums at: 1 put: 6.
nums "--> #(6 2 3 4 5)"
-----
1000 factorial / 999 factorial "--> 1000"
2 raisedTo: 1 + 3 factorial "--> 128"
-----
1 + 2 * 3 "--> 9"
1 + (2 * 3) "--> 7"
-----
[:aClass | aClass methodDict keys select: [:aMethod | (aClass>>aMethod) isAbstract ]] value: Boolean "--> an IdentitySet(#or: #| #and: #& #ifTrue: #ifTrue:ifFalse: #ifFalse: #not #ifFalse:ifTrue:)"
-----
aPen color: Color yellow
(1) Color yellow "単項メッセージがまず送られる"
"--> aColor"
(2) aPen color: aColor "キーワードメッセージが次に送られる"
-----
aPen go: 100 + 20
(1) 100 + 20 "2項メッセージがまず送られる"
"--> 120"
(2) aPen go: 120 "キーワードメッセージが次に送られる"
-----
1.5 tan rounded asString = (((1.5 tan) rounded) asString) "--> true かっこは不要"
3 + 4 factorial "--> 27 (5040ではない)"
(3 + 4) factorial "--> 5040"
-----
(FMSound lowMajorScaleOn: FMSound clarinet) play
"(1) メッセージclarinetがFMSoundクラスに送られ、クラリネットの音色オブジェクトが作られる。
(2) このオブジェクトがFMSoundに送られるlowMajorScaleOn:キーワードメッセージの引数として送られる。
(3) 結果の音オブジェクトにplayが送られ、演奏される。"
-----
(65@325 extent: 134@100) center
(1) 65@325 "2項"
"--> aPoint"
(2) 134@100 "2項"
"--> anotherPoint"
(3) aPoint extent: anotherPoint "キーワード"
"--> aRectangle"
(4) aRectangle center "単項"
"--> 132@375"
-----
3 + 4 * 5 "--> 35 (23ではない) 2項メッセージが左から右に実行されるため"
3 + (4 * 5) "--> 23"
1 + 1/3 "--> (2/3) 4/3ではない"
1 + (1/3) "--> (4/3)"
1/3 + 2/3 "--> (7/9) 1ではない"
(1/3) + (2/3) "--> 1"
-----
"2項メッセージ同士には優先順位の違いがないので、算数の約束としては*がまず先に実行されるべきですが、ここでは左端の+がまず評価されます。"
20 + 2 * 5
(1) 20 + 2 "--> 22"
(2) 22 * 5 "--> 110"
-----
"かっこで囲まれたメッセージが先に評価されるので、*が+の前に実行され、正しく動作します。"
20 + (2 * 5)
(1) (2 * 5) "--> 10"
(2) 20 + 10 "--> 30"
-----
aDict
at: (rotatingForm
rotateBy: angle
magnify: 2
smoothing: 1)
put: 3
-----
(x isNil)
ifTrue:[...]
-----
ord := OrderedCollection new.
(ord includes: $a)
ifTrue:[...]
-----
[ x isReady ] whileTrue: [ y doSomething ] "レシーバーと引数の両方ともブロックでなくてはならない"
4 timesRepeat: [ Beeper beep ] "引数は2回以上実行されるので、ブロックでなくてはならない"
(x isReady) ifTrue: [ y doSomething ] "引数は一度だけ評価されるのでブロックではない"
-----
| box |
box := 20@30 corner: 60@90.
box containsPoint: 40@50 "--> true"
-----
Transcript show: 'Pharo is '.
Transcript show: 'fun '.
Transcript cr.
-----
Transcript
show: 'Pharo is';
show: 'fun ';
cr
-----
Point new setX: 25 setY: 35; isZero "--> false"
-----
===== CHAPTER: Smalltalkオブジェクトモデル ==========
-----
3 + 4 "--> 7 '+ 4'を3に送ることで, 結果として7が得られます"
20 factorial "--> 2432902008176640000 factorialを送ると, 大きな数が得られます"
-----
1 class "--> SmallInteger"
20 factorial class "--> LargePositiveInteger"
'hello' class "--> ByteString"
#(1 2 3) class "--> Array"
(4@5) class "--> Point"
Object new class "--> Object"
-----
Point>>dist: aPoint
"Answer the distance between aPoint and the receiver."
| dx dy |
dx := aPoint x - x.
dy := aPoint y - y.
^ ((dx * dx) + (dy * dy)) sqrt
-----
1@1 dist: 4@5 "--> 5.0"
-----
aColor := Color blue. "クラス側のblueメソッド"
aColor "--> Color blue"
aColor red "--> 0.0 インスタンス側のアクセサメソッドred"
aColor blue "--> 1.0 インスタンス側のアクセサメソッドblue"
-----
Object subclass: #Dog
instanceVariableNames: ''
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'PBE-CIV'
Dog class
instanceVariableNames: 'count'
Dog subclass: #Hyena
instanceVariableNames: ''
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'PBE-CIV'
-----
Dog class>>initialize
super initialize.
count := 0.
Dog class>>new
count := count +1.
^ super new
Dog class>>count
^ count
-----
Dog initialize.
Hyena initialize.
Dog count "--> 0"
Hyena count "--> 0"
Dog new.
Dog count "--> 1"
Dog new.
Dog count "--> 2"
Hyena new.
Hyena count "--> 1"
-----
Object subclass: #WebServer
instanceVariableNames: 'sessions'
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'Web'
-----
WebServer class
instanceVariableNames: 'uniqueInstance'
-----
WebServer class>>uniqueInstance
uniqueInstance ifNil: [uniqueInstance := self new].
^ uniqueInstance
-----
SmallInteger superclass "--> Integer"
Integer superclass "--> Number"
Number superclass "--> Magnitude"
Magnitude superclass "--> Object"
Object superclass "--> ProtoObject"
ProtoObject superclass "--> nil"
-----
Magnitude>>< aMagnitude
"Answer whether the receiver is less than the argument."
^self subclassResponsibility
-----
>= aMagnitude
"Answer whether the receiver is greater than or equal to the argument."
^(self < aMagnitude) not
-----
Character>>< aCharacter
"Answer true if the receiver's value < aCharacter's value."
^self asciiValue < aCharacter asciiValue
-----
Trait named: #TAuthor
uses: { }
category: 'PBE-LightsOut'
-----
TAuthor>>authorj
"著者の頭文字を返す"
^ 'on' "oscar nierstraszの頭文字"
-----
BorderedMorph subclass: #LOGame
uses: TAuthor
instanceVariableNames: -'cells'ss
classVariableNames: ''e
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'PBE-LightsOut'
-----
LOGame new author "--> 'on'"
-----
Object subclass: #Behavior
uses: TPureBehavior @ {#basicAddTraitSelector:withMethod:->#addTraitSelector:withMethod:}
instanceVariableNames: 'superclass methodDict format'
classVariableNames: 'ObsoleteSubclasses'
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'Kernel-Classes'
-----
% 3 + 4 "--> 7 send message + with argument 4 to integer 3"
3 + 4 "--> 7 整数「3」にメッセージ「+」と引数「4」を送信する"
% (1@2) + 4 "--> 5@6 send message + with argument 4 to point (1@2)"
(1@2) + 4 "--> 5@6 点「(1@2)」にメッセージ「+」と引数「4」を送信する"
-----
anEllipse := EllipseMorph new.
-----
anEllipse defaultColor "--> Color yellow"
-----
EllipseMorph>>defaultColor
"answer the default color/fill style for the receiver"
^ Color yellow
-----
Morph>>openInWorld
"Add this morph to the world."
self openInWorld: self currentWorld
-----
Morph>>openInWorld
"Add this morph to the world."
self openInWorld: self currentWorld
^ self "不要なので、通常はわざわざ書かないこと！"
-----
BorderedMorph>>initialize
"initialize the state of the receiver"
super initialize.
self borderInitialize
-----
anEllipse constructorString "--> '(EllipseMorph newBounds: (0@0 corner: 50@40) color: Color yellow)'"
-----
Morph>>constructorString
^ String streamContents: [:s | self printConstructorOn: s indent: 0].
-----
BorderedMorph>>fullPrintOn: aStream
aStream nextPutAll: '('.
!\textbf{super fullPrintOn: aStream.}!
aStream nextPutAll: ') setBorderWidth: '; print: borderWidth;
nextPutAll: ' borderColor: ' , (self colorString: borderColor)
-----
Transcript show: 'Pharo is fun and powerful' ; cr
-----
Smalltalk at: #Boolean "--> Boolean"
-----
Smalltalk at: #Smalltalk "-->a SystemDictionary(lots of globals)}"
-----
(Smalltalk at: #Smalltalk) == Smalltalk "--> true"
-----
SystemOrganization categoryOfElement: #Magnitude "--> #'Kernel-Numbers'"
-----
Object subclass: #Color
instanceVariableNames: 'rgb cachedDepth cachedBitPattern'
classVariableNames: 'Black Blue BlueShift Brown CachedColormaps ColorChart ColorNames ComponentMask ComponentMax Cyan DarkGray Gray GrayToIndexMap Green GreenShift HalfComponentMask HighLightBitmaps IndexedColors LightBlue LightBrown LightCyan LightGray LightGreen LightMagenta LightOrange LightRed LightYellow Magenta MaskingMap Orange PaleBlue PaleBuff PaleGreen PaleMagenta PaleOrange PalePeach PaleRed PaleTan PaleYellow PureBlue PureCyan PureGreen PureMagenta PureRed PureYellow RandomStream Red RedShift TranslucentPatterns Transparent VeryDarkGray VeryLightGray VeryPaleRed VeryVeryDarkGray VeryVeryLightGray White Yellow'
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'Graphics-Primitives'
-----
Color class>>colorNames
ColorNames ifNil: [self initializeNames].
^ ColorNames
-----
Color class>>initialize
!\ldots!
self initializeNames
-----
ArrayedCollection subclass: #Text
instanceVariableNames: 'string runs'
classVariableNames: ''
!\textbf{poolDictionaries: 'TextConstants'}!
category: 'Collections-Text'
-----
Text>>testCR
^ CR == Character cr
-----
===== CHAPTER: The Pharo programming environment ==========
-----
SystemNavigation default browseAllCallsOn: #drawOn:
-----
SystemNavigation default browseAllCallsOn: #drawOn: from: ImageMorph
-----
SystemNavigation default browseAllImplementorsOf: #drawOn:
-----
Object>>asSQL
String>>asSQL
Date>>asSQL
-----
mc := PackageInfo named: 'Monticello'
-----
MCHttpRepository
location: 'http://squeaksource.com/PharoByExample'
user: ''
password: ''
-----
self - TimeStamp today
-----
suffix
"assumes that I'm a file name, and answers my suffix, the part after the last dot"
| dot dotPosition |
dot := FileDirectory dot.
dotPosition := (self size to: 1 by: -1) detect: [ :i | (self at: i) = dot ].
^ self copyFrom: dotPosition to: self size
-----
testSuffixFound
self assert: 'readme.txt' suffix = 'txt'
-----
testSuffixFound
self assert: 'readme.txt' suffix = 'txt'.
self assert: 'read.me.txt' suffix = 'txt'
-----
suffix
"assumes that I'm a file name, and answers my suffix, the part after the last dot"
| dot dotPosition |
dot := FileDirectory dot first.
dotPosition := (self size to: 1 by: -1) detect: [ :i | (self at: i) = dot ].
self halt.
^ self copyFrom: dotPosition to: self size
-----
testSuffixNotFound
self assert: 'readme' suffix = ''
-----
===== CHAPTER: SUnit ==========
-----
TestCase subclass: #ExampleSetTest
instanceVariableNames: 'full empty'
classVariableNames: ''
poolDictionaries: ''
category: 'MySetTest'
-----
ExampleSetTest>>setUp
empty := Set new.
full := Set with: 5 with: 6
-----
ExampleSetTest>>testIncludes
self assert: (full includes: 5).
self assert: (full includes: 6)
-----
ExampleSetTest>>testOccurrences
self assert: (empty occurrencesOf: 0) = 0.
self assert: (full occurrencesOf: 5) = 1.
full add: 5.
self assert: (full occurrencesOf: 5) = 1
-----
ExampleSetTest>>testRemove
full remove: 5.
self assert: (full includes: 6).
self deny: (full includes: 5)
-----
ExampleSetTest>>testIllegal
self should: [empty at: 5] raise: Error.
self should: [empty at: 5 put: #zork] raise: Error
-----
ExampleSetTest>>testIllegal
self should: [empty at: 5] raise: TestResult error.
self should: [empty at: 5 put: #zork] raise: TestResult error
-----
ExampleSetTest run: #testRemove "--> 1 run, 1 passed, 0 failed, 0 errors"
-----
ExampleSetTest suite run "--> 5 run, 5 passed, 0 failed, 0 errors"
-----
TestResource subclass: #MyTestResource
instanceVariableNames: ''
MyTestCase class>>resources
% "associate the resource with this class of test cases"
"このクラスのテストで使うリソースを返す"
^{ MyTestResource }
-----
| e |
e := 42.
self assert: e = 23
% description: 'expected 23, got ', e printString
description: '期待した値は 23 、実際の値は ', e printString
-----
#assert:description:
#deny:description:
#should:description:
#shouldnt:description:
-----
aCollection do: [ :each | self assert: each even]
-----
aCollection do:
[:each |
self
assert: each even
% description: each printString , ' is not even'
description: each printString , ' は偶数ではありません'
resumable: true]
-----
TestCase>>run
| result |
result := TestResult new.
self run: result.
^result
-----
TestCase>>run: aResult
aResult runCase: self
-----
%\begin{method}[testresultruncase]{\ct{TestCase} のエラーと失敗をキャッシュする}
TestResult>>runCase: aTestCase
| testCasePassed |
testCasePassed := true.
[[aTestCase runCase]
on: self class failure
do:
[:signal |
failures add: aTestCase.
testCasePassed := false.
signal return: false]]
on: self class error
do:
[:signal |
errors add: aTestCase.
testCasePassed := false.
signal return: false].
testCasePassed ifTrue: [passed add: aTestCase]
-----
TestCase>>runCase
[self setUp.
self performTest] ensure: [self tearDown]
-----
TestCase class>>testSelectors
^self selectors asSortedCollection asOrderedCollection select: [:each |
('test*' match: each) and: [each numArgs isZero]]
-----
TestSuite>>run
| result |
result := TestResult new.
self resources do: [ :res |
res isAvailable ifFalse: [^res signalInitializationError]].
[self run: result] ensure: [self resources do: [:each | each reset]].
^result
-----
TestSuite>>run: aResult
self tests do: [:each |
self changed: each.
each run: aResult].
-----
TestResource class>>isAvailable
^self current notNil and: [self current isAvailable]
-----
TestResource class>>current
current isNil ifTrue: [current := self new].
^current
-----
TestResource>>initialize
super initialize.
self setUp
-----
===== CHAPTER: Basic Classes ==========
-----
Browser new printString "--> 'a Browser'"
-----
Color>>printOn: aStream
| name |
(name := self name) ifNotNil:
[ ^ aStream
nextPutAll: 'Color ';
nextPutAll: name ].
self storeOn: aStream
-----
Color red printString "--> 'Color red'"
-----
true "--> true"
3@4 "--> 3@4"
$a "--> $a"
#(1 2 3) "--> #(1 2 3)"
Color red "--> Color red"
-----
{10@10. 100@100} "--> {10@10. 100@100}"
{Browser new . 100@100} "--> an Array(a Browser 100@100)"
-----
#(10@10 100@100) "--> #(10 #@ 10 100 #@ 100)"
-----
Point>>printOn: aStream
"The receiver prints on aStream in terms of infix notation."
x printOn: aStream.
aStream nextPut: $@.
y printOn: aStream
-----
Interval>>printOn: aStream
aStream nextPut: $(;
print: start;
nextPutAll: ' to: ';
print: stop.
step ~= 1 ifTrue: [aStream nextPutAll: ' by: '; print: step].
aStream nextPut: $)
-----
1 to: 10 "--> (1 to: 10) intervals are self-evaluating"
-----
Object>>= anObject
"Answer whether the receiver and the argument represent the same object.
If = is redefined in any subclass, consider also redefining the message hash."
^ self == anObject
-----
(1 + 2 i) = (1 + 2 i) "--> true same value"
(1 + 2 i) == (1 + 2 i) "--> false but different objects"
-----
Complex>>= anObject
anObject isComplex
ifTrue: [^ (real = anObject real) & (imaginary = anObject imaginary)]
ifFalse: [^ anObject adaptToComplex: self andSend: #=]
-----
(1 + 2 i) ~= (1 + 4 i) "--> true"
-----
Complex>>hash
"Hash is reimplemented because = is implemented."
^ real hash bitXor: imaginary hash.
-----
#'lulu' = 'lulu' "--> true"
'lulu' = #'lulu' "--> true"
-----
1 class "--> SmallInteger"
-----
1 isMemberOf: SmallInteger "--> true must be precisely this class"
1 isMemberOf: Integer "--> false"
1 isMemberOf: Number "--> false"
1 isMemberOf: Object "--> false"
-----
1 isKindOf: SmallInteger "--> true"
1 isKindOf: Integer "--> true"
1 isKindOf: Number "--> true"
1 isKindOf: Object "--> true"
1 isKindOf: String "--> false"
1/3 isKindOf: Number "--> true"
1/3 isKindOf: Integer "--> false"
-----
1 respondsTo: #, "--> false"
-----
a1 := { { 'harry' } }.
a1 "--> #(#('harry'))"
a2 := a1 shallowCopy.
a2 "--> #(#('harry'))"
(a1 at: 1) at: 1 put: 'sally'.
a1 "--> #(#('sally'))"
a2 "--> #(#('sally')) the subarray is shared!"
-----
a1 := { { 'harry' } } .
a2 := a1 copyTwoLevel.
(a1 at: 1) at: 1 put: 'sally'.
a1 "--> #(#('sally'))"
a2 "--> #(#('harry')) fully independent state"
-----
a1 := { { { 'harry' } } } .
a2 := a1 deepCopy.
(a1 at: 1) at: 1 put: 'sally'.
a1 "--> #(#('sally'))"
a2 "--> #(#(#('harry')))"
-----
a1 := { 'harry' }.
a2 := { a1 }.
a1 at: 1 put: a2.
a1 deepCopy "--> !\emph{... does not terminate!}!"
-----
Object>>copy
"Answer another instance just like the receiver.
Subclasses typically override postCopy;
they typically do not override shallowCopy."
^self shallowCopy postCopy
-----
Stack>>pop
"Return the first element and remove it from the stack."
self assert: [ self isEmpty not ].
^self linkedList removeFirst element
-----
1 doIfNotNil: [ :arg | arg printString, ' is not nil' ]
"--> !\emph{SmallInteger(Object)>>doIfNotNil: has been deprecated. use ifNotNilDo:}!"
-----
Object>>subclassResponsibility
"This message sets up a framework for the behavior of the class' subclasses.
Announce that the subclass should have implemented this message."
self error: 'My subclass should have overridden ', thisContext sender selector printString
-----
Number new + 1 "--> !\emph{Error: My subclass should have overridden \#+}!"
-----
ProtoObject>>initialize
"Subclasses should redefine this method to perform initializations on instance creation"
-----
Behavior>>new
"Answer a new initialized instance of the receiver (which is a class) with no indexable
variables. Fail if the class is indexable."
^ self basicNew initialize
-----
Magnitude>> < aMagnitude
"Answer whether the receiver is less than the argument."
^self subclassResponsibility
Magnitude>> > aMagnitude
"Answer whether the receiver is greater than the argument."
^aMagnitude < self
-----
1 + 2.5 "--> 3.5 Addition of two numbers"
3.4 * 5 "--> 17.0 Multiplication of two numbers"
8 / 2 "--> 4 Division of two numbers"
10 - 8.3 "--> 1.7 Subtraction of two numbers"
12 = 11 "--> false Equality between two numbers"
12 ~= 11 "--> true Test if two numbers are different"
12 > 9 "--> true Greater than"
12 >= 10 "--> true Greater or equal than"
12 < 10 "--> false Smaller than"
100@10 "--> 100@10 Point creation"
-----
1000 factorial / 999 factorial "--> 1000"
-----
Float pi "--> 3.141592653589793"
Float infinity "--> Infinity"
Float infinity isInfinite "--> true"
-----
6/8 "--> (3/4)"
(6/8) class "--> Fraction"
-----
6/8 * 4 "--> 3"
-----
SmallInteger maxVal = ((2 raisedTo: 30) - 1) "--> true"
SmallInteger minVal = (2 raisedTo: 30) negated "--> true"
-----
(SmallInteger maxVal + 1) class "--> LargePositiveInteger"
(SmallInteger minVal - 1) class "--> LargeNegativeInteger"
-----
n := 2.
3 timesRepeat: [ n := n*n ].
n "--> 256"
-----
$a < $b "--> true"
-----
Character space = (Character value: Character space asciiValue) "--> true"
-----
Character value: 1 "--> Character home"
Character value: 2 "--> Character value: 2"
Character value: 32 "--> Character space"
Character value: 97 "--> $a"
-----
$a asString "--> 'a'"
$a "--> $a"
$a printString "--> '$a'"
-----
(Character value: 97) == $a "--> true"
-----
Character characterTable size "--> 256"
(Character value: 500) == (Character value: 500) "--> false"
-----
'hello world' class "--> ByteString"
-----
'hel','lo' == 'hello' "--> false"
-----
('hel','lo') asSymbol == #hello "--> true"
-----
'hello' at: 2 put: $u; yourself "--> 'hullo'"
-----
#hello at: 2 put: $u "--> error!"
-----
#hello indexOf: $o "--> 5"
-----
'*or*' match: 'zorro' "--> true"
-----
(4 factorial > 20) ifTrue: [ 'bigger' ] ifFalse: [ 'smaller' ] "--> 'bigger'"
-----
True>>ifTrue: trueAlternativeBlock ifFalse: falseAlternativeBlock
^trueAlternativeBlock value
False>>ifTrue: trueAlternativeBlock ifFalse: falseAlternativeBlock
^falseAlternativeBlock value
-----
True>>not
"Negation--answer false since the receiver is true."
^false
-----
(1>2) & (3<4) "--> false must evaluate both sides"
(1>2) and: [ 3<4 ] "--> false only evaluate receiver"
(1>2) and: [ (1/0) > 0 ] "--> false argument block is never evaluated, so no exception"
-----
===== CHAPTER: コレクション ==========
-----
students select: [ :each | each gpa < threshold ]
-----
Array with: 1 "--> #(1)"
Array with: 1 with: 2 "--> #(1 2)"
Array with: 1 with: 2 with: 3 "--> #(1 2 3)"
Array with: 1 with: 2 with: 3 with: 4 "--> #(1 2 3 4)"
Array with: 1 with: 2 with: 3 with: 4 with: 5 "--> #(1 2 3 4 5)"
Array with: 1 with: 2 with: 3 with: 4 with: 5 with: 6 "--> #(1 2 3 4 5 6)"
-----
(1 to: 5) asOrderedCollection addAll: '678'; yourself "--> an OrderedCollection(1 2 3 4 5 $6 $7 $8)"
-----
Array withAll: #(7 3 1 3) "--> #(7 3 1 3)"
OrderedCollection withAll: #(7 3 1 3) "--> an OrderedCollection(7 3 1 3)"
SortedCollection withAll: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a SortedCollection(1 3 3 7)"
Set withAll: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a Set(7 1 3)"
Bag withAll: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a Bag(7 1 3 3)"
Dictionary withAll: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a Dictionary(1->7 2->3 3->1 4->3 )"
-----
Array newFrom: #(7 3 1 3) "--> #(7 3 1 3)"
OrderedCollection newFrom: #(7 3 1 3) "--> an OrderedCollection(7 3 1 3)"
SortedCollection newFrom: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a SortedCollection(1 3 3 7)"
Set newFrom: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a Set(7 1 3)"
Bag newFrom: #(7 3 1 3) "--> a Bag(7 1 3 3)"
Dictionary newFrom: {1 -> 7. 2 -> 3. 3 -> 1. 4 -> 3} "--> a Dictionary(1->7 2->3 3->1 4->3 )"
-----
anArray := Array new: 5.
anArray at: 1 put: 4.
anArray at: 2 put: 3/2.
anArray at: 3 put: 'ssss'.
anArray at: 1 "--> 4"
-----
Array with: 4 with: 3/2 with: 'lulu' "--> {4. (3/2). 'lulu'}"
-----
#(1 'here') size "--> 2"
-----
#(1+2) "--> #(1 #+ 2)"
-----
{ 1 + 2 } "--> #(3)"
{(1/2) asFloat} at: 1 "--> 0.5"
{10 atRandom . 1/3} at: 2 "--> (1/3)"
-----
anArray := #(1 2 3 4 5 6) copy.
anArray at: 3 "--> 3"
anArray at: 3 put: 33.
anArray at: 3 "--> 33"
-----
ordCol := OrderedCollection new.
ordCol add: 'Seaside'; add: 'SqueakSource'; addFirst: 'Monticello'.
ordCol "--> an OrderedCollection('Monticello' 'Seaside' 'SqueakSource')"
-----
ordCol add: 'Monticello'.
ordCol remove: 'Monticello'.
ordCol "--> an OrderedCollection('Seaside' 'SqueakSource' 'Monticello')"
-----
res := ordCol remove: 'zork' ifAbsent: [33].
res "--> 33"
-----
#(1 2 3) asOrderedCollection "--> an OrderedCollection(1 2 3)"
'hello' asOrderedCollection "--> an OrderedCollection($h $e $l $l $o)"
-----
Interval from: 1 to: 100 "--> (1 to: 100)"
-----
(Interval from: 1 to: 100) = (1 to: 100) "--> true"
-----
(Interval from: 1 to: 100 by: 0.5) size "--> 199"
(1 to: 100 by: 0.5) at: 198 "--> 99.5"
(1/2 to: 54/7 by: 1/3) last "--> (15/2)"
-----
colors := Dictionary new.
colors at: #yellow put: Color yellow.
colors at: #blue put: Color blue.
colors at: #red put: Color red.