node.js

// Hello, and welcome to hacking node.js!
//
// This file is invoked by node::LoadEnvironment in src/node.cc, and is
// responsible for bootstrapping the node.js core. As special caution is given
// to the performance of the startup process, many dependencies are invoked
// lazily.
//
// Before this file is run, lib/internal/bootstrap/loaders.js gets run first
// to bootstrap the internal binding and module loaders, including
// process.binding(), process._linkedBinding(), internalBinding() and
// NativeModule. And then { internalBinding, NativeModule } will be passed
// into this bootstrapper to bootstrap Node.js core.
'use strict';

(function bootstrapNodeJSCore(process,
                              // bootstrapper properties... destructured to
                              // avoid retaining a reference to the bootstrap
                              // object.
                              { _setupTraceCategoryState,
                                _setupProcessObject, _setupNextTick,
                                _setupPromises, _chdir, _cpuUsage,
                                _hrtime, _hrtimeBigInt,
                                _memoryUsage, _rawDebug,
                                _umask, _initgroups, _setegid, _seteuid,
                                _setgid, _setuid, _setgroups,
                                _shouldAbortOnUncaughtToggle },
                              { internalBinding, NativeModule }) {
  const exceptionHandlerState = { captureFn: null };
  const isMainThread = internalBinding('worker').threadId === 0;

  function startup() {
    const EventEmitter = NativeModule.require('events');

    const origProcProto = Object.getPrototypeOf(process);
    Object.setPrototypeOf(origProcProto, EventEmitter.prototype);

    EventEmitter.call(process);

    setupTraceCategoryState();

    setupProcessObject();

    // Do this good and early, since it handles errors.
    setupProcessFatal();

    setupProcessICUVersions();

    setupGlobalVariables();

    // Bootstrappers for all threads, including worker threads and main thread
    const perThreadSetup = NativeModule.require('internal/process/per_thread');
    // Bootstrappers for the main thread only
    let mainThreadSetup;
    // Bootstrappers for the worker threads only
    let workerThreadSetup;
    if (isMainThread) {
      mainThreadSetup = NativeModule.require(
        'internal/process/main_thread_only'
      );
    } else {
      workerThreadSetup = NativeModule.require(
        'internal/process/worker_thread_only'
      );
    }

    perThreadSetup.setupAssert();
    perThreadSetup.setupConfig(NativeModule._source);

    if (isMainThread) {
      mainThreadSetup.setupSignalHandlers(internalBinding);
    }

    perThreadSetup.setupUncaughtExceptionCapture(exceptionHandlerState,
                                                 _shouldAbortOnUncaughtToggle);

    NativeModule.require('internal/process/warning').setup();
    NativeModule.require('internal/process/next_tick').setup(_setupNextTick,
                                                             _setupPromises);

    if (isMainThread) {
      mainThreadSetup.setupStdio();
      mainThreadSetup.setupProcessMethods(
        _chdir, _umask, _initgroups, _setegid, _seteuid,
        _setgid, _setuid, _setgroups
      );
    } else {
      workerThreadSetup.setupStdio();
    }

    const perf = internalBinding('performance');
    const {
      NODE_PERFORMANCE_MILESTONE_BOOTSTRAP_COMPLETE,
    } = perf.constants;

    perThreadSetup.setupRawDebug(_rawDebug);
    perThreadSetup.setupHrtime(_hrtime, _hrtimeBigInt);
    perThreadSetup.setupCpuUsage(_cpuUsage);
    perThreadSetup.setupMemoryUsage(_memoryUsage);
    perThreadSetup.setupKillAndExit();

    if (global.__coverage__)
      NativeModule.require('internal/process/write-coverage').setup();

    if (process.env.NODE_V8_COVERAGE) {
      const { resolve } = NativeModule.require('path');
      process.env.NODE_V8_COVERAGE = resolve(process.env.NODE_V8_COVERAGE);
      NativeModule.require('internal/process/coverage').setup();
    }

    if (process.config.variables.v8_enable_inspector) {
      NativeModule.require('internal/inspector_async_hook').setup();
    }

    const options = internalBinding('options');
    if (options.getOptions('--help')) {
      NativeModule.require('internal/print_help').print(process.stdout);
      return;
    }

    if (options.getOptions('--completion-bash')) {
      NativeModule.require('internal/bash_completion').print(process.stdout);
      return;
    }

    if (isMainThread) {
      mainThreadSetup.setupChildProcessIpcChannel();
    }

    const browserGlobals = !process._noBrowserGlobals;
    if (browserGlobals) {
      // we are setting this here to foward it to the inspector later
      perThreadSetup.originalConsole = global.console;
      setupGlobalTimeouts();
      setupGlobalConsole();
      setupGlobalURL();
      setupGlobalEncoding();
      setupQueueMicrotask();
    }

    if (process.binding('config').experimentalWorker) {
      setupDOMException();
    }

    // On OpenBSD process.execPath will be relative unless we
    // get the full path before process.execPath is used.
    if (process.platform === 'openbsd') {
      const { realpathSync } = NativeModule.require('fs');
      process.execPath = realpathSync.native(process.execPath);
    }

    Object.defineProperty(process, 'argv0', {
      enumerable: true,
      configurable: false,
      value: process.argv[0]
    });
    process.argv[0] = process.execPath;

    // Handle `--debug*` deprecation and invalidation.
    if (process._invalidDebug) {
      process.emitWarning(
        '`node --debug` and `node --debug-brk` are invalid. ' +
        'Please use `node --inspect` or `node --inspect-brk` instead.',
        'DeprecationWarning', 'DEP0062', startup, true);
      process.exit(9);
    } else if (process._deprecatedDebugBrk) {
      process.emitWarning(
        '`node --inspect --debug-brk` is deprecated. ' +
        'Please use `node --inspect-brk` instead.',
        'DeprecationWarning', 'DEP0062', startup, true);
    }

    if (process.binding('config').experimentalModules ||
        process.binding('config').experimentalVMModules) {
      if (process.binding('config').experimentalModules) {
        process.emitWarning(
          'The ESM module loader is experimental.',
          'ExperimentalWarning', undefined);
      }
      NativeModule.require('internal/process/esm_loader').setup();
    }

    const { deprecate } = NativeModule.require('internal/util');
    {
      // Install legacy getters on the `util` binding for typechecking.
      // TODO(addaleax): Turn into a full runtime deprecation.
      const { pendingDeprecation } = process.binding('config');
      const utilBinding = internalBinding('util');
      const types = internalBinding('types');
      for (const name of [
        'isArrayBuffer', 'isArrayBufferView', 'isAsyncFunction',
        'isDataView', 'isDate', 'isExternal', 'isMap', 'isMapIterator',
        'isNativeError', 'isPromise', 'isRegExp', 'isSet', 'isSetIterator',
        'isTypedArray', 'isUint8Array', 'isAnyArrayBuffer'
      ]) {
        utilBinding[name] = pendingDeprecation ?
          deprecate(types[name],
                    'Accessing native typechecking bindings of Node ' +
                    'directly is deprecated. ' +
                    `Please use \`util.types.${name}\` instead.`,
                    'DEP0103') :
          types[name];
      }
    }

    // TODO(jasnell): The following have been globals since around 2012.
    // That's just silly. The underlying perfctr support has been removed
    // so these are now deprecated non-ops that can be removed after one
    // major release cycle.
    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
      function noop() {}
      const names = [
        'NET_SERVER_CONNECTION',
        'NET_SERVER_CONNECTION_CLOSE',
        'HTTP_SERVER_REQUEST',
        'HTTP_SERVER_RESPONSE',
        'HTTP_CLIENT_REQUEST',
        'HTTP_CLIENT_RESPONSE'
      ];
      for (var n = 0; n < names.length; n++) {
        Object.defineProperty(global, `COUNTER_${names[n]}`, {
          configurable: true,
          enumerable: false,
          value: deprecate(noop,
                           `COUNTER_${names[n]}() is deprecated.`,
                           'DEP00XX')
        });
      }
    }

    perf.markMilestone(NODE_PERFORMANCE_MILESTONE_BOOTSTRAP_COMPLETE);

    setupAllowedFlags();

    // There are various modes that Node can run in. The most common two
    // are running from a script and running the REPL - but there are a few
    // others like the debugger or running --eval arguments. Here we decide
    // which mode we run in.
    if (internalBinding('worker').getEnvMessagePort() !== undefined) {
      // This means we are in a Worker context, and any script execution
      // will be directed by the worker module.
      NativeModule.require('internal/worker').setupChild(evalScript);
    } else if (NativeModule.exists('_third_party_main')) {
      // To allow people to extend Node in different ways, this hook allows
      // one to drop a file lib/_third_party_main.js into the build
      // directory which will be executed instead of Node's normal loading.
      process.nextTick(function() {
        NativeModule.require('_third_party_main');
      });
    } else if (process.argv[1] === 'inspect' || process.argv[1] === 'debug') {
      if (process.argv[1] === 'debug') {
        process.emitWarning(
          '`node debug` is deprecated. Please use `node inspect` instead.',
          'DeprecationWarning', 'DEP0068');
      }

      // Start the debugger agent.
      process.nextTick(function() {
        NativeModule.require('internal/deps/node-inspect/lib/_inspect').start();
      });

    } else if (process.profProcess) {
      NativeModule.require('internal/v8_prof_processor');
    } else {
      // There is user code to be run.

      // If this is a worker in cluster mode, start up the communication
      // channel. This needs to be done before any user code gets executed
      // (including preload modules).
      if (process.argv[1] && process.env.NODE_UNIQUE_ID) {
        const cluster = NativeModule.require('cluster');
        cluster._setupWorker();
        // Make sure it's not accidentally inherited by child processes.
        delete process.env.NODE_UNIQUE_ID;
      }

      if (process._eval != null && !process._forceRepl) {
        // User passed '-e' or '--eval' arguments to Node without '-i' or
        // '--interactive'.
        preloadModules();

        const {
          addBuiltinLibsToObject
        } = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/helpers');
        addBuiltinLibsToObject(global);
        evalScript('[eval]');
      } else if (process.argv[1] && process.argv[1] !== '-') {
        // Make process.argv[1] into a full path.
        const path = NativeModule.require('path');
        process.argv[1] = path.resolve(process.argv[1]);

        const CJSModule = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');

        preloadModules();
        // Check if user passed `-c` or `--check` arguments to Node.
        if (process._syntax_check_only != null) {
          const fs = NativeModule.require('fs');
          // Read the source.
          const filename = CJSModule._resolveFilename(process.argv[1]);
          const source = fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf-8');
          checkScriptSyntax(source, filename);
          process.exit(0);
        }
        CJSModule.runMain();
      } else {
        preloadModules();
        // If -i or --interactive were passed, or stdin is a TTY.
        if (process._forceRepl || NativeModule.require('tty').isatty(0)) {
          // REPL
          const cliRepl = NativeModule.require('internal/repl');
          cliRepl.createInternalRepl(process.env, function(err, repl) {
            if (err) {
              throw err;
            }
            repl.on('exit', function() {
              if (repl._flushing) {
                repl.pause();
                return repl.once('flushHistory', function() {
                  process.exit();
                });
              }
              process.exit();
            });
          });

          if (process._eval != null) {
            // User passed '-e' or '--eval'
            evalScript('[eval]');
          }
        } else {
          // Read all of stdin - execute it.
          process.stdin.setEncoding('utf8');

          let code = '';
          process.stdin.on('data', function(d) {
            code += d;
          });

          process.stdin.on('end', function() {
            if (process._syntax_check_only != null) {
              checkScriptSyntax(code, '[stdin]');
            } else {
              process._eval = code;
              evalScript('[stdin]');
            }
          });
        }
      }
    }
  }

  function setupTraceCategoryState() {
    const { traceCategoryState } = internalBinding('trace_events');
    const kCategoryAsyncHooks = 0;
    let traceEventsAsyncHook;

    function toggleTraceCategoryState() {
      // Dynamically enable/disable the traceEventsAsyncHook
      const asyncHooksEnabled = !!traceCategoryState[kCategoryAsyncHooks];

      if (asyncHooksEnabled) {
        // Lazy load internal/trace_events_async_hooks only if the async_hooks
        // trace event category is enabled.
        if (!traceEventsAsyncHook) {
          traceEventsAsyncHook =
            NativeModule.require('internal/trace_events_async_hooks');
        }
        traceEventsAsyncHook.enable();
      } else if (traceEventsAsyncHook) {
        traceEventsAsyncHook.disable();
      }
    }

    toggleTraceCategoryState();
    _setupTraceCategoryState(toggleTraceCategoryState);
  }

  function setupProcessObject() {
    _setupProcessObject(pushValueToArray);

    function pushValueToArray() {
      for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++)
        this.push(arguments[i]);
    }

    // Deprecated specific process.binding() modules, but not all, allow
    // selective fallback to internalBinding for the deprecated ones.
    const { SafeSet } = NativeModule.require('internal/safe_globals');
    const processBinding = process.binding;
    // internalBindingWhitelist contains the name of internalBinding modules
    // that are whitelisted for access via process.binding()... this is used
    // to provide a transition path for modules that are being moved over to
    // internalBinding.
    const internalBindingWhitelist =
      new SafeSet([
        'cares_wrap',
        'fs_event_wrap',
        'udp_wrap',
        'uv',
        'pipe_wrap',
        'http_parser',
        'process_wrap',
        'v8',
        'tty_wrap',
        'stream_wrap',
        'signal_wrap',
        'crypto',
        'contextify',
        'tcp_wrap',
        'tls_wrap',
        'util',
        'async_wrap',
        'url',
        'spawn_sync',
        'js_stream',
        'zlib']);
    process.binding = function binding(name) {
      return internalBindingWhitelist.has(name) ?
        internalBinding(name) :
        processBinding(name);
    };
  }

  function setupGlobalVariables() {
    Object.defineProperty(global, Symbol.toStringTag, {
      value: 'global',
      writable: false,
      enumerable: false,
      configurable: true
    });
    global.process = process;
    const util = NativeModule.require('util');

    function makeGetter(name) {
      return util.deprecate(function() {
        return this;
      }, `'${name}' is deprecated, use 'global'`, 'DEP0016');
    }

    function makeSetter(name) {
      return util.deprecate(function(value) {
        Object.defineProperty(this, name, {
          configurable: true,
          writable: true,
          enumerable: true,
          value: value
        });
      }, `'${name}' is deprecated, use 'global'`, 'DEP0016');
    }

    Object.defineProperties(global, {
      GLOBAL: {
        configurable: true,
        get: makeGetter('GLOBAL'),
        set: makeSetter('GLOBAL')
      },
      root: {
        configurable: true,
        get: makeGetter('root'),
        set: makeSetter('root')
      }
    });

    // This, as side effect, removes `setupBufferJS` from the buffer binding,
    // and exposes it on `internal/buffer`.
    NativeModule.require('internal/buffer');

    global.Buffer = NativeModule.require('buffer').Buffer;
    process.domain = null;
    process._exiting = false;
  }

  function setupGlobalTimeouts() {
    const timers = NativeModule.require('timers');
    global.clearImmediate = timers.clearImmediate;
    global.clearInterval = timers.clearInterval;
    global.clearTimeout = timers.clearTimeout;
    global.setImmediate = timers.setImmediate;
    global.setInterval = timers.setInterval;
    global.setTimeout = timers.setTimeout;
  }

  function setupGlobalConsole() {
    const originalConsole = global.console;
    const CJSModule = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');
    // Setup Node.js global.console.
    const wrappedConsole = NativeModule.require('console');
    Object.defineProperty(global, 'console', {
      configurable: true,
      enumerable: false,
      value: wrappedConsole,
      writable: true
    });
    setupInspector(originalConsole, wrappedConsole, CJSModule);
  }

  function setupGlobalURL() {
    const { URL, URLSearchParams } = NativeModule.require('internal/url');
    Object.defineProperties(global, {
      URL: {
        value: URL,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: false
      },
      URLSearchParams: {
        value: URLSearchParams,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: false
      }
    });
  }

  function setupGlobalEncoding() {
    const { TextEncoder, TextDecoder } = NativeModule.require('util');
    Object.defineProperties(global, {
      TextEncoder: {
        value: TextEncoder,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: false
      },
      TextDecoder: {
        value: TextDecoder,
        writable: true,
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: false
      }
    });
  }

  function setupQueueMicrotask() {
    Object.defineProperty(global, 'queueMicrotask', {
      get: () => {
        process.emitWarning('queueMicrotask() is experimental.',
                            'ExperimentalWarning');
        const { queueMicrotask } =
          NativeModule.require('internal/queue_microtask');
        Object.defineProperty(global, 'queueMicrotask', {
          value: queueMicrotask,
          writable: true,
          enumerable: false,
          configurable: true,
        });
        return queueMicrotask;
      },
      set: (v) => {
        Object.defineProperty(global, 'queueMicrotask', {
          value: v,
          writable: true,
          enumerable: false,
          configurable: true,
        });
      },
      enumerable: false,
      configurable: true,
    });
  }

  function setupDOMException() {
    // Registers the constructor with C++.
    NativeModule.require('internal/domexception');
  }

  function setupInspector(originalConsole, wrappedConsole, CJSModule) {
    if (!process.config.variables.v8_enable_inspector) {
      return;
    }
    const { addCommandLineAPI, consoleCall } = process.binding('inspector');
    // Setup inspector command line API.
    const { makeRequireFunction } =
      NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/helpers');
    const path = NativeModule.require('path');
    const cwd = tryGetCwd(path);

    const consoleAPIModule = new CJSModule('<inspector console>');
    consoleAPIModule.paths =
        CJSModule._nodeModulePaths(cwd).concat(CJSModule.globalPaths);
    addCommandLineAPI('require', makeRequireFunction(consoleAPIModule));
    const config = {};
    for (const key of Object.keys(wrappedConsole)) {
      if (!originalConsole.hasOwnProperty(key))
        continue;
      // If global console has the same method as inspector console,
      // then wrap these two methods into one. Native wrapper will preserve
      // the original stack.
      wrappedConsole[key] = consoleCall.bind(wrappedConsole,
                                             originalConsole[key],
                                             wrappedConsole[key],
                                             config);
    }
    for (const key of Object.keys(originalConsole)) {
      if (wrappedConsole.hasOwnProperty(key))
        continue;
      wrappedConsole[key] = originalConsole[key];
    }
  }

  function noop() {}

  function setupProcessFatal() {
    const {
      executionAsyncId,
      clearDefaultTriggerAsyncId,
      clearAsyncIdStack,
      hasAsyncIdStack,
      afterHooksExist,
      emitAfter
    } = NativeModule.require('internal/async_hooks');

    process._fatalException = function(er) {
      // It's possible that defaultTriggerAsyncId was set for a constructor
      // call that threw and was never cleared. So clear it now.
      clearDefaultTriggerAsyncId();

      if (exceptionHandlerState.captureFn !== null) {
        exceptionHandlerState.captureFn(er);
      } else if (!process.emit('uncaughtException', er)) {
        // If someone handled it, then great.  otherwise, die in C++ land
        // since that means that we'll exit the process, emit the 'exit' event.
        try {
          if (!process._exiting) {
            process._exiting = true;
            process.exitCode = 1;
            process.emit('exit', 1);
          }
        } catch {
          // Nothing to be done about it at this point.
        }
        try {
          const { kExpandStackSymbol } = NativeModule.require('internal/util');
          if (typeof er[kExpandStackSymbol] === 'function')
            er[kExpandStackSymbol]();
        } catch (er) {}
        return false;
      }

      // If we handled an error, then make sure any ticks get processed
      // by ensuring that the next Immediate cycle isn't empty.
      NativeModule.require('timers').setImmediate(noop);

      // Emit the after() hooks now that the exception has been handled.
      if (afterHooksExist()) {
        do {
          emitAfter(executionAsyncId());
        } while (hasAsyncIdStack());
      // Or completely empty the id stack.
      } else {
        clearAsyncIdStack();
      }

      return true;
    };
  }

  function setupProcessICUVersions() {
    const icu = process.binding('config').hasIntl ?
      process.binding('icu') : undefined;
    if (!icu) return;  // no Intl/ICU: nothing to add here.
    // With no argument, getVersion() returns a comma separated list
    // of possible types.
    const versionTypes = icu.getVersion().split(',');

    for (var n = 0; n < versionTypes.length; n++) {
      const name = versionTypes[n];
      const version = icu.getVersion(name);
      Object.defineProperty(process.versions, name, {
        writable: false,
        enumerable: true,
        value: version
      });
    }
  }

  function tryGetCwd(path) {
    try {
      return process.cwd();
    } catch (ex) {
      // getcwd(3) can fail if the current working directory has been deleted.
      // Fall back to the directory name of the (absolute) executable path.
      // It's not really correct but what are the alternatives?
      return path.dirname(process.execPath);
    }
  }

  function wrapForBreakOnFirstLine(source) {
    if (!process._breakFirstLine)
      return source;
    const fn = `function() {\n\n${source};\n\n}`;
    return `process.binding('inspector').callAndPauseOnStart(${fn}, {})`;
  }

  function evalScript(name, body = wrapForBreakOnFirstLine(process._eval)) {
    const CJSModule = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');
    const path = NativeModule.require('path');
    const cwd = tryGetCwd(path);

    const module = new CJSModule(name);
    module.filename = path.join(cwd, name);
    module.paths = CJSModule._nodeModulePaths(cwd);
    const script = `global.__filename = ${JSON.stringify(name)};\n` +
                   'global.exports = exports;\n' +
                   'global.module = module;\n' +
                   'global.__dirname = __dirname;\n' +
                   'global.require = require;\n' +
                   'return require("vm").runInThisContext(' +
                   `${JSON.stringify(body)}, { filename: ` +
                   `${JSON.stringify(name)}, displayErrors: true });\n`;
    const result = module._compile(script, `${name}-wrapper`);
    if (process._print_eval) console.log(result);
    // Handle any nextTicks added in the first tick of the program.
    process._tickCallback();
  }

  // Load preload modules.
  function preloadModules() {
    if (process._preload_modules) {
      const {
        _preloadModules
      } = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');
      _preloadModules(process._preload_modules);
    }
  }

  function checkScriptSyntax(source, filename) {
    const CJSModule = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');
    const vm = NativeModule.require('vm');
    const {
      stripShebang, stripBOM
    } = NativeModule.require('internal/modules/cjs/helpers');

    // Remove Shebang.
    source = stripShebang(source);
    // Remove BOM.
    source = stripBOM(source);
    // Wrap it.
    source = CJSModule.wrap(source);
    // Compile the script, this will throw if it fails.
    new vm.Script(source, { displayErrors: true, filename });
  }

  function setupAllowedFlags() {
    // This builds process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags
    // from data in the config binding

    const replaceUnderscoresRegex = /_/g;
    const leadingDashesRegex = /^--?/;
    const trailingValuesRegex = /=.*$/;

    // Save references so user code does not interfere
    const replace = Function.call.bind(String.prototype.replace);
    const has = Function.call.bind(Set.prototype.has);
    const test = Function.call.bind(RegExp.prototype.test);

    const get = () => {
      const {
        getOptions,
        envSettings: { kAllowedInEnvironment }
      } = internalBinding('options');
      const { options, aliases } = getOptions();

      const allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags = [];
      for (const [name, info] of options) {
        if (info.envVarSettings === kAllowedInEnvironment) {
          allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags.push(name);
        }
      }

      for (const [ from, expansion ] of aliases) {
        let isAccepted = true;
        for (const to of expansion) {
          if (!to.startsWith('-') || to === '--') continue;
          const recursiveExpansion = aliases.get(to);
          if (recursiveExpansion) {
            if (recursiveExpansion[0] === to)
              recursiveExpansion.splice(0, 1);
            expansion.push(...recursiveExpansion);
            continue;
          }
          isAccepted = options.get(to).envVarSettings === kAllowedInEnvironment;
          if (!isAccepted) break;
        }
        if (isAccepted) {
          let canonical = from;
          if (canonical.endsWith('='))
            canonical = canonical.substr(0, canonical.length - 1);
          if (canonical.endsWith(' <arg>'))
            canonical = canonical.substr(0, canonical.length - 4);
          allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags.push(canonical);
        }
      }

      const trimLeadingDashes = (flag) => replace(flag, leadingDashesRegex, '');

      // Save these for comparison against flags provided to
      // process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags.has() which lack leading dashes.
      // Avoid interference w/ user code by flattening `Set.prototype` into
      // each object.
      const nodeFlags = Object.defineProperties(
        new Set(allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags.map(trimLeadingDashes)),
        Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(Set.prototype)
      );

      class NodeEnvironmentFlagsSet extends Set {
        constructor(...args) {
          super(...args);

          // the super constructor consumes `add`, but
          // disallow any future adds.
          this.add = () => this;
        }

        delete() {
          // noop, `Set` API compatible
          return false;
        }

        clear() {
          // noop
        }

        has(key) {
          // This will return `true` based on various possible
          // permutations of a flag, including present/missing leading
          // dash(es) and/or underscores-for-dashes.
          // Strips any values after `=`, inclusive.
          // TODO(addaleax): It might be more flexible to run the option parser
          // on a dummy option set and see whether it rejects the argument or
          // not.
          if (typeof key === 'string') {
            key = replace(key, replaceUnderscoresRegex, '-');
            if (test(leadingDashesRegex, key)) {
              key = replace(key, trailingValuesRegex, '');
              return has(this, key);
            }
            return has(nodeFlags, key);
          }
          return false;
        }
      }

      Object.freeze(NodeEnvironmentFlagsSet.prototype.constructor);
      Object.freeze(NodeEnvironmentFlagsSet.prototype);

      return process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags = Object.freeze(
        new NodeEnvironmentFlagsSet(
          allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags
        ));
    };

    Object.defineProperty(process, 'allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags', {
      get,
      set(value) {
        Object.defineProperty(this, 'allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags', {
          value,
          configurable: true,
          enumerable: true,
          writable: true
        });
      },
      enumerable: true,
      configurable: true
    });
  }

  startup();
});