diff --git a/aio/tests/e2e/src/api-pages.e2e-spec.ts b/aio/tests/e2e/src/api-pages.e2e-spec.ts
index 2dfb2331b17665..ca4a1a5ac58d82 100644
--- a/aio/tests/e2e/src/api-pages.e2e-spec.ts
+++ b/aio/tests/e2e/src/api-pages.e2e-spec.ts
@@ -76,11 +76,11 @@ describe('Api pages', () => {
 
   it('should show all overloads of interface methods', async () => {
     await page.navigateTo('api/core/testing/TestBedStatic');
-    expect(await (await page.getInstanceMethodOverloads('inject')).length).toEqual(2);
+    expect(await (await page.getInstanceMethodOverloads('inject')).length).toEqual(3);
   });
 
   it('should show all overloads of pseudo-class methods', async () => {
     await page.navigateTo('api/core/testing/TestBed');
-    expect(await (await page.getInstanceMethodOverloads('inject')).length).toEqual(2);
+    expect(await (await page.getInstanceMethodOverloads('inject')).length).toEqual(3);
   });
 });
diff --git a/goldens/public-api/core/testing/index.md b/goldens/public-api/core/testing/index.md
index c87ce437d2ab6d..46e5eb15829686 100644
--- a/goldens/public-api/core/testing/index.md
+++ b/goldens/public-api/core/testing/index.md
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { Directive } from '@angular/core';
 import { ElementRef } from '@angular/core';
 import { InjectFlags } from '@angular/core';
 import { InjectionToken } from '@angular/core';
+import { InjectOptions } from '@angular/core';
 import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
 import { NgZone } from '@angular/core';
 import { Pipe } from '@angular/core';
@@ -115,8 +116,12 @@ export interface TestBed {
     get(token: any, notFoundValue?: any): any;
     initTestEnvironment(ngModule: Type<any> | Type<any>[], platform: PlatformRef, options?: TestEnvironmentOptions): void;
     // (undocumented)
-    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions): T;
     // (undocumented)
+    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, options?: InjectOptions): T | null;
+    // @deprecated (undocumented)
+    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+    // @deprecated (undocumented)
     inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, flags?: InjectFlags): T | null;
     // (undocumented)
     ngModule: Type<any> | Type<any>[];
@@ -172,8 +177,12 @@ export interface TestBedStatic {
     get(token: any, notFoundValue?: any): any;
     initTestEnvironment(ngModule: Type<any> | Type<any>[], platform: PlatformRef, options?: TestEnvironmentOptions): TestBed;
     // (undocumented)
-    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions): T;
     // (undocumented)
+    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, options?: InjectOptions): T | null;
+    // @deprecated (undocumented)
+    inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+    // @deprecated (undocumented)
     inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, flags?: InjectFlags): T | null;
     // (undocumented)
     overrideComponent(component: Type<any>, override: MetadataOverride<Component>): TestBedStatic;
diff --git a/packages/core/src/core_private_export.ts b/packages/core/src/core_private_export.ts
index 8365cc408f3862..ed3cbd51addacc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/core_private_export.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/core_private_export.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export {defaultIterableDiffers as ɵdefaultIterableDiffers, defaultKeyValueDiffe
 export {ChangeDetectorStatus as ɵChangeDetectorStatus, isDefaultChangeDetectionStrategy as ɵisDefaultChangeDetectionStrategy} from './change_detection/constants';
 export {Console as ɵConsole} from './console';
 export {getDebugNodeR2 as ɵgetDebugNodeR2} from './debug/debug_node';
-export {setCurrentInjector as ɵsetCurrentInjector} from './di/injector_compatibility';
+export {convertToBitFlags as ɵconvertToBitFlags, setCurrentInjector as ɵsetCurrentInjector} from './di/injector_compatibility';
 export {getInjectableDef as ɵgetInjectableDef, ɵɵInjectableDeclaration, ɵɵInjectorDef} from './di/interface/defs';
 export {INJECTOR_SCOPE as ɵINJECTOR_SCOPE} from './di/scope';
 export {RuntimeError as ɵRuntimeError} from './errors';
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/animations/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/animations/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index 26a789029c2a6d..14c6ee1dcf6169 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/animations/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/animations/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -659,6 +659,9 @@
   {
     "name": "containsElement"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "convertToMap"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/cyclic_import/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/cyclic_import/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index 93c02d8d9e0560..b56bb2ad6f186c 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/cyclic_import/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/cyclic_import/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -467,6 +467,9 @@
   {
     "name": "connectableObservableDescriptor"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "createElementNode"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_reactive/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_reactive/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index 7c97e677389630..671d09fdf94f9e 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_reactive/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_reactive/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -686,6 +686,9 @@
   {
     "name": "controlPath"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "createDirectivesInstances"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_template_driven/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_template_driven/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index 15b19078b0b9c7..56b2213e4ae521 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_template_driven/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/forms_template_driven/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -659,6 +659,9 @@
   {
     "name": "controlPath"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "createDirectivesInstances"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/hello_world/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/hello_world/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index cc346cf1c75205..3d4d087c469786 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/hello_world/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/hello_world/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -329,6 +329,9 @@
   {
     "name": "connectableObservableDescriptor"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "createElementRef"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/router/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/router/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index e6774208e8fa16..5d85fb83b9b906 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/router/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/router/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -920,6 +920,9 @@
   {
     "name": "containsTree"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "convertToParamMap"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/standalone_bootstrap/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/standalone_bootstrap/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index ee82b8c40d1859..6d765fedf3bf1a 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/standalone_bootstrap/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/standalone_bootstrap/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -398,6 +398,9 @@
   {
     "name": "connectableObservableDescriptor"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "createElementRef"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/bundling/todo/bundle.golden_symbols.json b/packages/core/test/bundling/todo/bundle.golden_symbols.json
index 538e7efc6960b8..5b12cf5d0f68e0 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/bundling/todo/bundle.golden_symbols.json
+++ b/packages/core/test/bundling/todo/bundle.golden_symbols.json
@@ -569,6 +569,9 @@
   {
     "name": "connectableObservableDescriptor"
   },
+  {
+    "name": "convertToBitFlags"
+  },
   {
     "name": "createDirectivesInstances"
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/test_bed_spec.ts b/packages/core/test/test_bed_spec.ts
index 219938f484bba5..cb94f55b9e9f40 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/test_bed_spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/test_bed_spec.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 import {CommonModule} from '@angular/common';
-import {APP_INITIALIZER, ChangeDetectorRef, Compiler, Component, Directive, ElementRef, ErrorHandler, getNgModuleById, Inject, Injectable, InjectionToken, Injector, Input, LOCALE_ID, ModuleWithProviders, NgModule, Optional, Pipe, Type, ViewChild, ɵsetClassMetadata as setClassMetadata, ɵɵdefineComponent as defineComponent, ɵɵdefineInjector as defineInjector, ɵɵdefineNgModule as defineNgModule, ɵɵelementEnd as elementEnd, ɵɵelementStart as elementStart, ɵɵsetNgModuleScope as setNgModuleScope, ɵɵtext as text} from '@angular/core';
+import {APP_INITIALIZER, ChangeDetectorRef, Compiler, Component, Directive, ElementRef, ErrorHandler, getNgModuleById, Inject, Injectable, InjectFlags, InjectionToken, Injector, Input, LOCALE_ID, ModuleWithProviders, NgModule, Optional, Pipe, Type, ViewChild, ɵsetClassMetadata as setClassMetadata, ɵɵdefineComponent as defineComponent, ɵɵdefineInjector as defineInjector, ɵɵdefineNgModule as defineNgModule, ɵɵelementEnd as elementEnd, ɵɵelementStart as elementStart, ɵɵsetNgModuleScope as setNgModuleScope, ɵɵtext as text} from '@angular/core';
 import {getTestBed, TestBed} from '@angular/core/testing/src/test_bed';
 import {By} from '@angular/platform-browser';
 import {expect} from '@angular/platform-browser/testing/src/matchers';
@@ -1855,6 +1855,33 @@ describe('TestBed', () => {
     fixture.detectChanges();
     expect(fixture!.nativeElement.textContent).toContain('changed');
   });
+
+  describe('TestBed.inject', () => {
+    describe('injection flags', () => {
+      it('should be able to optionally inject a topken', () => {
+        const TOKEN = new InjectionToken<string>('TOKEN');
+
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN, undefined, {optional: true})).toBeNull();
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN, undefined, InjectFlags.Optional)).toBeNull();
+
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN, undefined, {optional: true})).toBeNull();
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN, undefined, InjectFlags.Optional)).toBeNull();
+      });
+
+      it('should be able to use skipSelf injection', () => {
+        const TOKEN = new InjectionToken<string>('TOKEN');
+        TestBed.configureTestingModule({
+          providers: [{provide: TOKEN, useValue: 'from TestBed'}],
+        });
+
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN)).toBe('from TestBed');
+
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN, undefined, {skipSelf: true, optional: true})).toBeNull();
+        expect(TestBed.inject(TOKEN, undefined, InjectFlags.SkipSelf | InjectFlags.Optional))
+            .toBeNull();
+      });
+    });
+  });
 });
 
 
diff --git a/packages/core/testing/src/r3_test_bed.ts b/packages/core/testing/src/r3_test_bed.ts
index 0e0629c162c7f1..c5b50f2808d095 100644
--- a/packages/core/testing/src/r3_test_bed.ts
+++ b/packages/core/testing/src/r3_test_bed.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   Directive,
   InjectFlags,
   InjectionToken,
+  InjectOptions,
   Injector,
   NgModule,
   NgZone,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import {
   PlatformRef,
   ProviderToken,
   Type,
+  ɵconvertToBitFlags as convertToBitFlags,
   ɵflushModuleScopingQueueAsMuchAsPossible as flushModuleScopingQueueAsMuchAsPossible,
   ɵgetUnknownElementStrictMode as getUnknownElementStrictMode,
   ɵgetUnknownPropertyStrictMode as getUnknownPropertyStrictMode,
@@ -210,10 +212,16 @@ export class TestBedRender3 implements TestBed {
     return TestBedRender3 as any as TestBedStatic;
   }
 
+  static inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions): T;
+  static inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions&{
+    optional?: false
+  }): T;
+  static inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, options?: InjectOptions): T|null;
   static inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
   static inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, flags?: InjectFlags): T|null;
-  static inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T|null, flags?: InjectFlags): T|null {
-    return _getTestBedRender3().inject(token, notFoundValue, flags);
+  static inject<T>(
+      token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T|null, flags?: InjectFlags|InjectOptions): T|null {
+    return _getTestBedRender3().inject(token, notFoundValue, convertToBitFlags(flags));
   }
 
   /** @deprecated from v9.0.0 use TestBed.inject */
@@ -376,12 +384,18 @@ export class TestBedRender3 implements TestBed {
     return this.compiler.compileComponents();
   }
 
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions): T;
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, options?: InjectOptions): T|null;
+  /** @deprecated use object-based flags (`InjectOptions`) instead. */
   inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+  /** @deprecated use object-based flags (`InjectOptions`) instead. */
   inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, flags?: InjectFlags): T|null;
-  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T|null, flags?: InjectFlags): T|null {
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T|null, flags?: InjectFlags|InjectOptions): T
+      |null {
     if (token as unknown === TestBedRender3) {
       return this as any;
     }
+    flags = convertToBitFlags(flags);
     const UNDEFINED = {} as unknown as T;
     const result = this.testModuleRef.injector.get(token, UNDEFINED, flags);
     return result === UNDEFINED ? this.compiler.injector.get(token, notFoundValue, flags) as any :
diff --git a/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed.ts b/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed.ts
index 8e673972bebf59..181ee4adb43a70 100644
--- a/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed.ts
+++ b/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {Component, Directive, InjectFlags, NgModule, Pipe, PlatformRef, ProviderToken, Type} from '@angular/core';
+import {Component, Directive, InjectFlags, InjectOptions, NgModule, Pipe, PlatformRef, ProviderToken, Type} from '@angular/core';
 
 import {ComponentFixture} from './component_fixture';
 import {MetadataOverride} from './metadata_override';
@@ -49,7 +49,11 @@ export interface TestBed {
 
   compileComponents(): Promise<any>;
 
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions): T;
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, options?: InjectOptions): T|null;
+  /** @deprecated use object-based flags (`InjectOptions`) instead. */
   inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+  /** @deprecated use object-based flags (`InjectOptions`) instead. */
   inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, flags?: InjectFlags): T|null;
 
   /** @deprecated from v9.0.0 use TestBed.inject */
diff --git a/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed_common.ts b/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed_common.ts
index 3ed811378769b0..23e7a37f097ea4 100644
--- a/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed_common.ts
+++ b/packages/core/testing/src/test_bed_common.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * found in the LICENSE file at https://angular.io/license
  */
 
-import {Component, Directive, InjectFlags, InjectionToken, NgModule, Pipe, PlatformRef, ProviderToken, SchemaMetadata, Type} from '@angular/core';
+import {Component, Directive, InjectFlags, InjectionToken, InjectOptions, NgModule, Pipe, PlatformRef, ProviderToken, SchemaMetadata, Type} from '@angular/core';
 
 import {ComponentFixture} from './component_fixture';
 import {MetadataOverride} from './metadata_override';
@@ -186,7 +186,11 @@ export interface TestBedStatic {
     deps?: any[],
   }): TestBedStatic;
 
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, options?: InjectOptions): T;
+  inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, options?: InjectOptions): T|null;
+  /** @deprecated use object-based flags (`InjectOptions`) instead. */
   inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue?: T, flags?: InjectFlags): T;
+  /** @deprecated use object-based flags (`InjectOptions`) instead. */
   inject<T>(token: ProviderToken<T>, notFoundValue: null, flags?: InjectFlags): T|null;
 
   /** @deprecated from v9.0.0 use TestBed.inject */