IterableDiffers.extend is not AOT compatible

[trotyl]

I'm submitting a...

[ ] Regression (a behavior that used to work and stopped working in a new release)
[x] Bug report  
[ ] Feature request
[ ] Documentation issue or request
[ ] Support request => Please do not submit support request here, instead see https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#question

Current behavior

In IterableDiffers.extend API, it's using a static function call in providers list.

@Component({
  viewProviders: [
    IterableDiffers.extend([new ImmutableListDiffer()])
  ]
})

When using this, it would cause error in AOT compilation:

rror: Error encountered resolving symbol values statically. Function calls are not supported. Consider replacing the function or lambda with a reference to an exported function (position 187:19 in the original .ts file), resolving symbol IterableDiffers.extend in /Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/core/core.d.ts, resolving symbol AppComponent in /Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/src/app/app.component.ts, resolving symbol AppComponent in /Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/src/app/app.component.ts
    at positionalError (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:25104:35)
    at simplifyInContext (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:24947:27)
    at StaticReflector.simplify (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:24961:13)
    at StaticReflector.annotations (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:24391:41)
    at NgModuleResolver.resolve (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:14733:70)
    at CompileMetadataResolver.getNgModuleMetadata (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:15386:60)
    at addNgModule (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:24241:58)
    at /Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:24252:14
    at Array.forEach (native)
    at _createNgModules (/Users/zjyu/Projects/Tmp/angular-cli/ng-tmp-f/node_modules/@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js:24251:26)
Compilation failed

Expected behavior

There should be no error in AOT.

Possible solutions:

1. Enhance the AOT compiler for allowing function call in Component.providers, since it's already (partially) supported in NgModule.imports;
2. Refactor the IterableDiffers.extend API and making it return a new IterableDiffers instead of Provider, would be a breaking change in stable API.

Minimal reproduction of the problem with instructions

• Clone this repo;
• Install dependencies;
• Run $(npm bin)/ngc -p src/tsconfig.app.json.

What is the motivation / use case for changing the behavior?

All Angular APIs should be AOT compatible.

Related to #11309 .

Also applies to KeyValueDiffers.

Environment

Angular version: 4.3.3 (Should be all since I don't think function calls in `providers` is ever supported)


Browser:
- [ ] Chrome (desktop) version XX
- [ ] Chrome (Android) version XX
- [ ] Chrome (iOS) version XX
- [ ] Firefox version XX
- [ ] Safari (desktop) version XX
- [ ] Safari (iOS) version XX
- [ ] IE version XX
- [ ] Edge version XX
 
For Tooling issues:
- Node version: 8.2.1  
- Platform:  Mac OSX 10.12.6 

Others:

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