feat(ivy): verify whether TypeScript version is supported

[JoostK]

During the creation of an Angular program in the compiler, a check is
done to verify whether the version of TypeScript is considered
supported, producing an error if it is not. This check was missing in
the Ivy compiler, so users may have ended up running an unsupported
TypeScript version inadvertently.

Resolves FW-1643

[ngbot]

I see that you just added the PR action: merge label, but the following checks are still failing:
     status "google3" is failing

If you want your PR to be merged, it has to pass all the CI checks.

If you can't get the PR to a green state due to flakes or broken master, please try rebasing to master and/or restarting the CI job. If that fails and you believe that the issue is not due to your change, please contact the caretaker and ask for help.

[alxhub]

Presubmit

[AndrewKushnir]

Adding "blocked" label, since presubmit indicated that there are few regressions in g3.

[AndrewKushnir]

FYI, Alex applied some changes in g3 side to unblock this PR, so I'm restarting presubmits to verify that everything works as expected:

• VE Presubmit
• Ivy Presubmit

[AndrewKushnir]

FYI, VE and Ivy Presubmits are successful.

[angular-automatic-lock-bot]

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