diff --git a/src/material/button/testing/button-harness-filters.ts b/src/material/button/testing/button-harness-filters.ts
index 4363961feb40..90966874566a 100644
--- a/src/material/button/testing/button-harness-filters.ts
+++ b/src/material/button/testing/button-harness-filters.ts
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@
 
 import {BaseHarnessFilters} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 
+/** Possible button appearances. */
+export type ButtonVariant = 'basic' | 'raised' | 'flat' | 'icon' | 'stroked' | 'fab' | 'mini-fab';
+
 /** A set of criteria that can be used to filter a list of button harness instances. */
 export interface ButtonHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
   /** Only find instances whose text matches the given value. */
   text?: string | RegExp;
+
+  /** Only find instances with a variant. */
+  variant?: ButtonVariant;
 }
diff --git a/src/material/button/testing/button-harness.ts b/src/material/button/testing/button-harness.ts
index e4ac50c6ae8a..9978aaf5e773 100644
--- a/src/material/button/testing/button-harness.ts
+++ b/src/material/button/testing/button-harness.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   HarnessPredicate,
 } from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 import {coerceBooleanProperty} from '@angular/cdk/coercion';
-import {ButtonHarnessFilters} from './button-harness-filters';
+import {ButtonHarnessFilters, ButtonVariant} from './button-harness-filters';
 
 /** Harness for interacting with a MDC-based mat-button in tests. */
 export class MatButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
@@ -25,15 +25,20 @@ export class MatButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
    * @param options Options for narrowing the search:
    *   - `selector` finds a button whose host element matches the given selector.
    *   - `text` finds a button with specific text content.
+   *   - `variant` finds buttons matching a specific variant.
    * @return a `HarnessPredicate` configured with the given options.
    */
   static with<T extends MatButtonHarness>(
     this: ComponentHarnessConstructor<T>,
     options: ButtonHarnessFilters = {},
   ): HarnessPredicate<T> {
-    return new HarnessPredicate(this, options).addOption('text', options.text, (harness, text) =>
-      HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getText(), text),
-    );
+    return new HarnessPredicate(this, options)
+      .addOption('text', options.text, (harness, text) =>
+        HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getText(), text),
+      )
+      .addOption('variant', options.variant, (harness, variant) =>
+        HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getVariant(), variant),
+      );
   }
 
   /**
@@ -75,4 +80,25 @@ export class MatButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
   async isFocused(): Promise<boolean> {
     return (await this.host()).isFocused();
   }
+
+  /** Gets the variant of the button. */
+  async getVariant(): Promise<ButtonVariant> {
+    const host = await this.host();
+
+    if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-raised-button')) != null) {
+      return 'raised';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-flat-button')) != null) {
+      return 'flat';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-icon-button')) != null) {
+      return 'icon';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-stroked-button')) != null) {
+      return 'stroked';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-fab')) != null) {
+      return 'fab';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-mini-fab')) != null) {
+      return 'mini-fab';
+    }
+
+    return 'basic';
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/material/button/testing/shared.spec.ts b/src/material/button/testing/shared.spec.ts
index 2a96d2045c3c..e7a516347a91 100644
--- a/src/material/button/testing/shared.spec.ts
+++ b/src/material/button/testing/shared.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import {Platform, PlatformModule} from '@angular/cdk/platform';
-import {HarnessLoader} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
+import {HarnessLoader, parallel} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 import {TestbedHarnessEnvironment} from '@angular/cdk/testing/testbed';
 import {Component} from '@angular/core';
 import {ComponentFixture, inject, TestBed} from '@angular/core/testing';
@@ -113,6 +113,34 @@ export function runHarnessTests(
     expect(await homeIcon.getName()).toBe('home');
     expect(await favIcon.getName()).toBe('favorite');
   });
+
+  it('should load all button harnesses', async () => {
+    const buttons = await loader.getAllHarnesses(buttonHarness);
+    const variants = await parallel(() => buttons.map(button => button.getVariant()));
+
+    expect(variants).toEqual([
+      'basic',
+      'flat',
+      'raised',
+      'stroked',
+      'icon',
+      'icon',
+      'fab',
+      'mini-fab',
+      'basic',
+      'flat',
+      'raised',
+      'stroked',
+      'icon',
+      'fab',
+      'mini-fab',
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('should be able to filter buttons based on their variant', async () => {
+    const button = await loader.getHarness(buttonHarness.with({variant: 'flat'}));
+    expect(await button.getText()).toBe('Flat button');
+  });
 }
 
 @Component({
diff --git a/src/material/legacy-button/testing/button-harness.ts b/src/material/legacy-button/testing/button-harness.ts
index c6f9df3eb210..6a54403743f1 100644
--- a/src/material/legacy-button/testing/button-harness.ts
+++ b/src/material/legacy-button/testing/button-harness.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 import {ContentContainerComponentHarness, HarnessPredicate} from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 import {coerceBooleanProperty} from '@angular/cdk/coercion';
-import {ButtonHarnessFilters} from '@angular/material/button/testing';
+import {ButtonHarnessFilters, ButtonVariant} from '@angular/material/button/testing';
 
 /**
  * Harness for interacting with a standard mat-button in tests.
@@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ export class MatLegacyButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
    * @return a `HarnessPredicate` configured with the given options.
    */
   static with(options: ButtonHarnessFilters = {}): HarnessPredicate<MatLegacyButtonHarness> {
-    return new HarnessPredicate(MatLegacyButtonHarness, options).addOption(
-      'text',
-      options.text,
-      (harness, text) => HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getText(), text),
-    );
+    return new HarnessPredicate(MatLegacyButtonHarness, options)
+      .addOption('text', options.text, (harness, text) =>
+        HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getText(), text),
+      )
+      .addOption('variant', options.variant, (harness, variant) =>
+        HarnessPredicate.stringMatches(harness.getVariant(), variant),
+      );
   }
 
   /**
@@ -74,4 +76,25 @@ export class MatLegacyButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
   async isFocused(): Promise<boolean> {
     return (await this.host()).isFocused();
   }
+
+  /** Gets the variant of the button. */
+  async getVariant(): Promise<ButtonVariant> {
+    const host = await this.host();
+
+    if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-raised-button')) != null) {
+      return 'raised';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-flat-button')) != null) {
+      return 'flat';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-icon-button')) != null) {
+      return 'icon';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-stroked-button')) != null) {
+      return 'stroked';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-fab')) != null) {
+      return 'fab';
+    } else if ((await host.getAttribute('mat-mini-fab')) != null) {
+      return 'mini-fab';
+    }
+
+    return 'basic';
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/material/legacy-button/testing/public-api.ts b/src/material/legacy-button/testing/public-api.ts
index 7663152c7846..d9845ed2f440 100644
--- a/src/material/legacy-button/testing/public-api.ts
+++ b/src/material/legacy-button/testing/public-api.ts
@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 export {MatLegacyButtonHarness} from './button-harness';
-export {ButtonHarnessFilters as LegacyButtonHarnessFilters} from '@angular/material/button/testing';
+export {
+  ButtonHarnessFilters as LegacyButtonHarnessFilters,
+  ButtonVariant as LegacyButtonVariant,
+} from '@angular/material/button/testing';
diff --git a/tools/public_api_guard/material/button-testing.md b/tools/public_api_guard/material/button-testing.md
index a29166dbe87c..595637c8a775 100644
--- a/tools/public_api_guard/material/button-testing.md
+++ b/tools/public_api_guard/material/button-testing.md
@@ -12,8 +12,12 @@ import { HarnessPredicate } from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 // @public
 export interface ButtonHarnessFilters extends BaseHarnessFilters {
     text?: string | RegExp;
+    variant?: ButtonVariant;
 }
 
+// @public
+export type ButtonVariant = 'basic' | 'raised' | 'flat' | 'icon' | 'stroked' | 'fab' | 'mini-fab';
+
 // @public
 export class MatButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
     blur(): Promise<void>;
@@ -22,6 +26,7 @@ export class MatButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
     click(): Promise<void>;
     focus(): Promise<void>;
     getText(): Promise<string>;
+    getVariant(): Promise<ButtonVariant>;
     // (undocumented)
     static hostSelector: string;
     isDisabled(): Promise<boolean>;
diff --git a/tools/public_api_guard/material/legacy-button-testing.md b/tools/public_api_guard/material/legacy-button-testing.md
index faafeb384494..740007ff2eec 100644
--- a/tools/public_api_guard/material/legacy-button-testing.md
+++ b/tools/public_api_guard/material/legacy-button-testing.md
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
 import { ContentContainerComponentHarness } from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 import { HarnessPredicate } from '@angular/cdk/testing';
 import { ButtonHarnessFilters as LegacyButtonHarnessFilters } from '@angular/material/button/testing';
+import { ButtonVariant as LegacyButtonVariant } from '@angular/material/button/testing';
 
 export { LegacyButtonHarnessFilters }
 
+export { LegacyButtonVariant }
+
 // @public @deprecated
 export class MatLegacyButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
     blur(): Promise<void>;
@@ -18,6 +21,7 @@ export class MatLegacyButtonHarness extends ContentContainerComponentHarness {
     click(): Promise<void>;
     focus(): Promise<void>;
     getText(): Promise<string>;
+    getVariant(): Promise<LegacyButtonVariant>;
     static hostSelector: string;
     isDisabled(): Promise<boolean>;
     isFocused(): Promise<boolean>;