diff --git a/Gulpfile.mjs b/Gulpfile.mjs
index a9b0ccbe7511..40db2f5bbcef 100644
--- a/Gulpfile.mjs
+++ b/Gulpfile.mjs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import rollupBabelSource from "./scripts/rollup-plugin-babel-source.js";
 import formatCode from "./scripts/utils/formatCode.js";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
-const monorepoRoot = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const monorepoRoot = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 const defaultPackagesGlob = "./@(codemods|packages|eslint)/*";
 const defaultSourcesGlob = `${defaultPackagesGlob}/src/**/{*.js,*.cjs,!(*.d).ts}`;
diff --git a/babel.config.js b/babel.config.js
index 6b15942a97d3..6c88684f7e53 100644
--- a/babel.config.js
+++ b/babel.config.js
@@ -307,13 +307,25 @@ function pluginPolyfillsOldNode({ template, types: t }) {
         process.allowedNodeEnvironmentFlags || require("node-environment-flags")
       `,
     },
+    {
+      // This became a global in Node.js 10
+      name: "URL",
+      necessary: () => true,
+      supported: () => true,
+      replacement: template({ placeholderPattern: false })`require("url").URL`,
+    },
   ];
 
   return {
     visitor: {
-      MemberExpression(path) {
+      "MemberExpression|ReferencedIdentifier"(path) {
         for (const polyfill of polyfills) {
-          if (!path.matchesPattern(polyfill.name)) continue;
+          if (
+            !path.matchesPattern(polyfill.name) &&
+            !t.isIdentifier(path.node, { name: polyfill.name })
+          ) {
+            continue;
+          }
 
           if (!polyfill.necessary(path)) return;
           if (!polyfill.supported(path)) {
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-parser/test/index.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-parser/test/index.js
index e8a2d73b8544..d8716e50e83b 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-parser/test/index.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-parser/test/index.js
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 import path from "path";
 import escope from "eslint-scope";
 import unpad from "dedent";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 import { parseForESLint } from "../src";
 
 const BABEL_OPTIONS = {
-  configFile: path.resolve(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+  configFile: new URL(
     "../../babel-eslint-shared-fixtures/config/babel.config.js",
-  ),
+    import.meta.url,
+  ).pathname,
 };
 const PROPS_TO_REMOVE = [
   "importKind",
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-plugin-development-internal/test/rules/dry-error-messages.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-plugin-development-internal/test/rules/dry-error-messages.js
index e5fc984d3d9e..eb337402650e 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-plugin-development-internal/test/rules/dry-error-messages.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-plugin-development-internal/test/rules/dry-error-messages.js
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import path from "path";
 import rule from "../../src/rules/dry-error-messages";
 import RuleTester from "../../../babel-eslint-shared-fixtures/utils/RuleTester";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const dirname = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 const FILENAME = path.resolve(dirname, "test/lib/index.js");
 const ERRORS_MODULE = "errorsModule";
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/helpers/verifyAndAssertMessages.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/helpers/verifyAndAssertMessages.js
index b8cec5e450d9..3f7381060855 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/helpers/verifyAndAssertMessages.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/helpers/verifyAndAssertMessages.js
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import eslint from "eslint";
 import unpad from "dedent";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import * as parser from "../../../babel-eslint-parser";
 
 export default function verifyAndAssertMessages(
@@ -26,10 +24,10 @@ export default function verifyAndAssertMessages(
       sourceType,
       requireConfigFile: false,
       babelOptions: {
-        configFile: path.resolve(
-          path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+        configFile: new URL(
           "../../../babel-eslint-shared-fixtures/config/babel.config.js",
-        ),
+          import.meta.url,
+        ).pathname,
       },
       ...overrideConfig?.parserOptions,
     },
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint-plugin-import.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint-plugin-import.js
index 4b5fdc55cb81..bf705a06daed 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint-plugin-import.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint-plugin-import.js
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 import eslint from "eslint";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 describe("https://github.com/babel/babel-eslint/issues/558", () => {
   it("doesn't crash with eslint-plugin-import", () => {
     const engine = new eslint.CLIEngine({ ignore: false });
     engine.executeOnFiles(
-      ["a.js", "b.js", "c.js"].map(file =>
-        path.resolve(
-          path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-          `../fixtures/eslint-plugin-import/${file}`,
-        ),
+      ["a.js", "b.js", "c.js"].map(
+        file =>
+          new URL(`../fixtures/eslint-plugin-import/${file}`, import.meta.url)
+            .pathname,
       ),
     );
   });
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/config.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/config.js
index 989e9a8287d0..23e5ac93af68 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/config.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/config.js
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 import eslint from "eslint";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import * as parser from "@babel/eslint-parser";
 
 describe("ESLint config", () => {
@@ -12,10 +10,10 @@ describe("ESLint config", () => {
       parser: "@babel/eslint-parser",
       parserOptions: {
         babelOptions: {
-          configFile: path.resolve(
-            path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+          configFile: new URL(
             "../../../../babel-eslint-shared-fixtures/config/babel.config.js",
-          ),
+            import.meta.url,
+          ).pathname,
         },
       },
     });
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/rules/strict.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/rules/strict.js
index 769ba76d2f29..f8cc570c8c84 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/rules/strict.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/rules/strict.js
@@ -2,17 +2,11 @@ import eslint from "eslint";
 import fs from "fs";
 import path from "path";
 import * as parser from "../../../../../babel-eslint-parser";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 eslint.linter.defineParser("@babel/eslint-parser", parser);
 
 const paths = {
-  fixtures: path.join(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-    "../../..",
-    "fixtures",
-    "rules",
-  ),
+  fixtures: new URL("../../../fixtures/rules", import.meta.url).pathname,
 };
 
 const encoding = "utf8";
diff --git a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/verify.js b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/verify.js
index a025c55fdc58..bdd4c428d312 100644
--- a/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/verify.js
+++ b/eslint/babel-eslint-tests/test/integration/eslint/verify.js
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 import verifyAndAssertMessages from "../../helpers/verifyAndAssertMessages";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 describe("verify", () => {
   it("arrow function support (issue #1)", () => {
@@ -1082,10 +1080,10 @@ describe("verify", () => {
         parserOptions: {
           sourceType,
           babelOptions: {
-            configFile: path.resolve(
-              path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+            configFile: new URL(
               "../../../../babel-eslint-shared-fixtures/config/babel.config.decorators-legacy.js",
-            ),
+              import.meta.url,
+            ).pathname,
           },
         },
       };
diff --git a/packages/babel-cli/test/index.js b/packages/babel-cli/test/index.js
index 0837afd80b0d..e633dbb7c98d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-cli/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-cli/test/index.js
@@ -7,17 +7,15 @@ import escapeRegExp from "lodash/escapeRegExp";
 import merge from "lodash/merge";
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
 import { chmod } from "../lib/babel/util";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-const fixtureLoc = path.join(dirname, "fixtures");
-const tmpLoc = path.join(dirname, "tmp");
-const rootDir = path.resolve(dirname, "../../..");
+const fixtureLoc = new URL("./fixtures", import.meta.url).pathname;
+const tmpLoc = new URL("./tmp", import.meta.url).pathname;
+const rootDir = new URL("../../..", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 const fileFilter = function (x) {
   return x !== ".DS_Store";
@@ -64,13 +62,13 @@ const normalizeOutput = function (str, cwd) {
     .replace(new RegExp(escapeRegExp(cwd), "g"), "<CWD>")
     // (non-win32) /foo/babel/packages -> <CWD>/packages
     // (win32) C:\foo\babel\packages -> <CWD>\packages
-    .replace(new RegExp(escapeRegExp(rootDir), "g"), "<ROOTDIR>");
+    .replace(new RegExp(escapeRegExp(rootDir), "g"), "<ROOTDIR>/");
   if (process.platform === "win32") {
     result = result
       // C:\\foo\\babel\\packages -> <CWD>\\packages (in js string literal)
       .replace(
-        new RegExp(escapeRegExp(rootDir.replace(/\\/g, "\\\\")), "g"),
-        "<ROOTDIR>",
+        new RegExp(escapeRegExp(rootDir.replace(/\//g, "\\\\")), "g"),
+        "<ROOTDIR>\\",
       );
   }
   return result;
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@ const assertTest = function (stdout, stderr, opts, cwd) {
 };
 
 const buildTest = function (binName, testName, opts) {
-  const binLoc = path.join(dirname, "../lib", binName);
+  const binLoc = new URL(`../lib/${binName}`, import.meta.url).pathname;
 
   return function (callback) {
     saveInFiles(opts.inFiles);
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/api.js b/packages/babel-core/test/api.js
index ed58229050ac..225d884c352d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/api.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/api.js
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ import sourceMap from "source-map";
 import path from "path";
 import Plugin from "../lib/config/plugin";
 import generator from "@babel/generator";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 import presetEnv from "../../babel-preset-env";
 import pluginSyntaxFlow from "../../babel-plugin-syntax-flow";
 import pluginFlowStripTypes from "../../babel-plugin-transform-flow-strip-types";
 
-const cwd = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const cwd = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 function assertIgnored(result) {
   expect(result).toBeNull();
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/assumptions.js b/packages/babel-core/test/assumptions.js
index bf97c3bbb6af..ad8f56692f37 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/assumptions.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/assumptions.js
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { loadOptions as loadOptionsOrig, transformSync } from "../lib";
 
-const cwd = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const cwd = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 function loadOptions(opts) {
   return loadOptionsOrig({ cwd, ...opts });
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/async.js b/packages/babel-core/test/async.js
index d7996c10baf3..068c0c69f633 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/async.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/async.js
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import * as babel from "..";
 
 import {
@@ -15,11 +13,7 @@ const nodeGte8 = (...args) => {
 };
 
 describe("asynchronicity", () => {
-  const base = path.join(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-    "fixtures",
-    "async",
-  );
+  const base = new URL("./fixtures/async", import.meta.url).pathname;
   let cwd;
 
   beforeEach(function () {
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/config-chain.js b/packages/babel-core/test/config-chain.js
index 7e345fd013bd..b90028682d5d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/config-chain.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/config-chain.js
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 import fs from "fs";
 import os from "os";
 import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import escapeRegExp from "lodash/escapeRegExp";
 import * as babel from "../lib";
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-
 import { isMJS, loadOptionsAsync, skipUnsupportedESM } from "./helpers/esm";
 
 // TODO: In Babel 8, we can directly uses fs.promises which is supported by
@@ -45,11 +42,14 @@ const pfs =
   });
 
 function fixture(...args) {
-  return path.join(dirname, "fixtures", "config", ...args);
+  return new URL(`./fixtures/config/${args.join("/")}`, import.meta.url)
+    .pathname;
 }
 
+const cwd = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
+
 function loadOptions(opts) {
-  return babel.loadOptions({ cwd: dirname, ...opts });
+  return babel.loadOptions({ cwd, ...opts });
 }
 
 function pairs(items) {
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/config-loading.js b/packages/babel-core/test/config-loading.js
index da84e590d420..99a6a97bf590 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/config-loading.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/config-loading.js
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import loadConfigRunner, {
   createConfigItem,
 } from "../lib/config";
 import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
@@ -11,13 +10,10 @@ const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
 const loadConfig = loadConfigRunner.sync;
 
 describe("@babel/core config loading", () => {
-  const FILEPATH = path.join(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-    "fixtures",
-    "config-loading",
-    "folder",
-    "example.js",
-  );
+  const FILEPATH = new URL(
+    "./fixtures/config-loading/folder/example.js",
+    import.meta.url,
+  ).pathname;
 
   afterEach(() => {
     delete process.env.INVALIDATE_BABELRC;
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/helpers/esm.js b/packages/babel-core/test/helpers/esm.js
index c485f1fa8422..fa082b24f40b 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/helpers/esm.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/helpers/esm.js
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import cp from "child_process";
 import util from "util";
 import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
 import * as babel from "../../lib";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const dirname = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 // "minNodeVersion": "10.0.0" <-- For Ctrl+F when dropping node 10
 const nodeSupportsESM = parseInt(process.versions.node) >= 12;
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/option-manager.js b/packages/babel-core/test/option-manager.js
index 3bdd98beb44d..0eb27002da68 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/option-manager.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/option-manager.js
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import { loadOptions as loadOptionsOrig } from "../lib";
 import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-const cwd = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const cwd = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 function loadOptions(opts) {
   return loadOptionsOrig({ cwd, ...opts });
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/parse.js b/packages/babel-core/test/parse.js
index b22ff86b4a90..1b04dcbfd696 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/parse.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/parse.js
@@ -1,18 +1,12 @@
 import fs from "fs";
-import path from "path";
 import { parse } from "../lib";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
 
 function fixture(...args) {
-  return path.join(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-    "fixtures",
-    "parse",
-    ...args,
-  );
+  return new URL(`./fixtures/parse/${args.join("/")}`, import.meta.url)
+    .pathname;
 }
 
 describe("parse", function () {
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/path.js b/packages/babel-core/test/path.js
index 416bb4435790..19ab42e92a8c 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/path.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/path.js
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import { transform } from "../lib/index";
 import Plugin from "../lib/config/plugin";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
-const cwd = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const cwd = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 describe("traversal path", function () {
   it("replaceWithSourceString", function () {
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/plugins.js b/packages/babel-core/test/plugins.js
index a7851bde5c3d..8f4258005c64 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/plugins.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/plugins.js
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
 import runner from "@babel/helper-transform-fixture-test-runner";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
-runner(
-  path.join(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "fixtures/plugins"),
-  "plugins",
-);
+runner(new URL("./fixtures/plugins", import.meta.url).pathname, "plugins");
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/resolution.js b/packages/babel-core/test/resolution.js
index 191e5436a01b..c763a3f5d230 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/resolution.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/resolution.js
@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 import * as babel from "../lib/index";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 describe("addon resolution", function () {
-  const base = path.join(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-    "fixtures",
-    "resolution",
-  );
+  const base = new URL("./fixtures/resolution", import.meta.url).pathname;
   let cwd;
 
   beforeEach(function () {
diff --git a/packages/babel-core/test/transformation.js b/packages/babel-core/test/transformation.js
index f4eb1ef790a4..aed227e2dae7 100644
--- a/packages/babel-core/test/transformation.js
+++ b/packages/babel-core/test/transformation.js
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 import runner from "@babel/helper-transform-fixture-test-runner";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
 runner(
-  path.join(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-    "/fixtures/transformation",
-  ),
+  new URL("./fixtures/transformation", import.meta.url).pathname,
   "transformation",
 );
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/index.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/index.js
index adbee798e783..71eb4cac612c 100644
--- a/packages/babel-generator/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/index.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import fs from "fs";
 import path from "path";
 import fixtures from "@babel/helper-fixtures";
 import sourcemap from "source-map";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 describe("generation", function () {
   it("completeness", function () {
@@ -759,9 +758,7 @@ describe("CodeGenerator", function () {
   });
 });
 
-const suites = fixtures(
-  path.join(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "fixtures"),
-);
+const suites = fixtures(new URL("./fixtures", import.meta.url).pathname);
 
 suites.forEach(function (testSuite) {
   describe("generation/" + testSuite.title, function () {
@@ -787,7 +784,7 @@ suites.forEach(function (testSuite) {
             });
             const options = {
               sourceFileName: path.relative(
-                path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+                new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname,
                 actual.loc,
               ),
               ...task.options,
diff --git a/packages/babel-helper-compilation-targets/test/custom-browserslist-env/custom-browserslist-env.spec.js b/packages/babel-helper-compilation-targets/test/custom-browserslist-env/custom-browserslist-env.spec.js
index 4fa8a4a304ba..08855e8911b6 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helper-compilation-targets/test/custom-browserslist-env/custom-browserslist-env.spec.js
+++ b/packages/babel-helper-compilation-targets/test/custom-browserslist-env/custom-browserslist-env.spec.js
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import getTargets from "../..";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
 it("allows custom browserslist env", () => {
   const actual = getTargets(
     {},
     {
-      configPath: path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+      configPath: new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname,
       browserslistEnv: "custom",
     },
   );
diff --git a/packages/babel-helper-fixtures/src/index.ts b/packages/babel-helper-fixtures/src/index.ts
index 2f8beb723497..1612cb61b428 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helper-fixtures/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-helper-fixtures/src/index.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ import cloneDeep from "lodash/cloneDeep";
 import semver from "semver";
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
+// https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/issues/34960
+declare let URL: typeof import("url").URL;
+
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
 
 const nodeVersion = semver.clean(process.version.slice(1));
@@ -283,11 +285,10 @@ function wrapPackagesArray(type, names, optionsDir) {
 
       val[0] = path.resolve(optionsDir, val[0]);
     } else {
-      const monorepoPath = path.join(
-        path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-        "../..",
-        `babel-${type}-${val[0]}`,
-      );
+      const monorepoPath = new URL(
+        `../../babel-${type}-${val[0]}`,
+        import.meta.url,
+      ).pathname;
 
       if (fs.existsSync(monorepoPath)) {
         val[0] = monorepoPath;
diff --git a/packages/babel-helper-module-imports/test/index.js b/packages/babel-helper-module-imports/test/index.js
index c1ef591d8aed..8e52ccafe59d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helper-module-imports/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-helper-module-imports/test/index.js
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import * as babel from "@babel/core";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
 import { ImportInjector } from "../";
 
-const cwd = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const cwd = new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 function test(sourceType, opts, initializer, inputCode, expectedCode) {
   if (typeof opts === "function") {
diff --git a/packages/babel-helper-plugin-test-runner/src/index.js b/packages/babel-helper-plugin-test-runner/src/index.js
index a721bacc4d12..5321829d45ab 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helper-plugin-test-runner/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-helper-plugin-test-runner/src/index.js
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import testRunner from "@babel/helper-transform-fixture-test-runner";
 import path from "path";
-import { URL } from "url";
 
 export default function (loc) {
   if (!process.env.BABEL_8_BREAKING) {
diff --git a/packages/babel-helper-transform-fixture-test-runner/src/index.js b/packages/babel-helper-transform-fixture-test-runner/src/index.js
index 146f1ae90454..d8fac75a69ec 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helper-transform-fixture-test-runner/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-helper-transform-fixture-test-runner/src/index.js
@@ -54,10 +54,8 @@ function createContext() {
 
   // Populate the "babelHelpers" global with Babel's helper utilities.
   runCacheableScriptInTestContext(
-    path.join(
-      path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-      "babel-helpers-in-memory.js",
-    ),
+    new URL("./babel-helpers-in-memory.js", import.meta.url).pathname,
+
     buildExternalHelpers,
     context,
     moduleCache,
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ function validateFile(actualCode, expectedLoc, expectedCode) {
 
 function normalizeOutput(code, normalizePathSeparator) {
   const projectRoot = path.resolve(
-    path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+    new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname,
     "../../../",
   );
   const cwdSymbol = "<CWD>";
diff --git a/packages/babel-node/src/babel-node.js b/packages/babel-node/src/babel-node.js
index bbd64140b970..433cef6826b0 100755
--- a/packages/babel-node/src/babel-node.js
+++ b/packages/babel-node/src/babel-node.js
@@ -4,13 +4,9 @@
  */
 
 import getV8Flags from "v8flags";
-import path from "path";
 import child_process from "child_process";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-let args = [
-  path.join(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "_babel-node"),
-];
+let args = [new URL("./_babel-node", import.meta.url).pathname];
 
 let babelArgs = process.argv.slice(2);
 let userArgs;
diff --git a/packages/babel-node/test/index.js b/packages/babel-node/test/index.js
index f9fcdbb6d88d..7675f9a69aca 100644
--- a/packages/babel-node/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-node/test/index.js
@@ -7,14 +7,12 @@ import child from "child_process";
 import merge from "lodash/merge";
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-const fixtureLoc = path.join(dirname, "fixtures");
-const tmpLoc = path.join(dirname, "tmp");
+const fixtureLoc = new URL("./fixtures", import.meta.url).pathname;
+const tmpLoc = new URL("./tmp", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 const fileFilter = function (x) {
   return x !== ".DS_Store";
@@ -96,7 +94,7 @@ const assertTest = function (stdout, stderr, opts) {
 };
 
 const buildTest = function (binName, testName, opts) {
-  const binLoc = path.join(dirname, "../lib", binName);
+  const binLoc = new URL(`../lib/${binName}`, import.meta.url).pathname;
 
   return function (callback) {
     saveInFiles(opts.inFiles);
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/estree-throws.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/estree-throws.js
index c2f45bef2314..a73e3a8c9d4e 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/estree-throws.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/estree-throws.js
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-import path from "path";
 import { runThrowTestsWithEstree } from "./helpers/runFixtureTests";
 import { parse } from "../lib";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-runThrowTestsWithEstree(
-  path.join(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "fixtures"),
-  parse,
-);
+runThrowTestsWithEstree(new URL("./fixtures", import.meta.url).pathname, parse);
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/expressions.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/expressions.js
index 814ebbd65ade..58c17a95b517 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/expressions.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/expressions.js
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
-import path from "path";
 import { runFixtureTests } from "./helpers/runFixtureTests";
 import { parseExpression } from "../lib";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-const fixtures = path.join(
-  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-  "expressions",
-);
+const fixtures = new URL("./expressions", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 runFixtureTests(fixtures, parseExpression);
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/helpers/runFixtureTests.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/helpers/runFixtureTests.js
index 165792e80272..e8a798f40c89 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/helpers/runFixtureTests.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/helpers/runFixtureTests.js
@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@ import { multiple as getFixtures } from "@babel/helper-fixtures";
 import { codeFrameColumns } from "@babel/code-frame";
 import fs from "fs";
 import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-const rootPath = path.join(
-  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-  "../../../..",
-);
+const rootPath = new URL("../../../..", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 const serialized = "$$ babel internal serialized type";
 
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/index.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/index.js
index a87e7b44cc9d..7ddf3699fb5e 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/index.js
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
-import path from "path";
 import { runFixtureTests } from "./helpers/runFixtureTests";
 import { parse } from "../lib";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-const fixtures = path.join(
-  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-  "fixtures",
-);
+const fixtures = new URL("./fixtures", import.meta.url).pathname;
 runFixtureTests(fixtures, parse);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/copied-nodes.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/copied-nodes.js
index 4fb76081850a..a597540123b1 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/copied-nodes.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/copied-nodes.js
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 import * as babel from "@babel/core";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
 import transformCommonJS from "..";
 
@@ -8,7 +6,7 @@ test("Doesn't use the same object for two different nodes in the AST", function
   const code = 'import Foo from "bar"; Foo; Foo;';
 
   const ast = babel.transform(code, {
-    cwd: path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+    cwd: new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname,
     ast: true,
     plugins: [[transformCommonJS, { loose: true }]],
   }).ast;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/esmodule-flag.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/esmodule-flag.js
index cdb44988f7a4..484567a218f5 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/esmodule-flag.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/esmodule-flag.js
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import * as babel from "@babel/core";
 import vm from "vm";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
-import path from "path";
 
 import transformCommonJS from "..";
 
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ test("Re-export doesn't overwrite __esModule flag", function () {
   context.exports = context.module.exports;
 
   code = babel.transform(code, {
-    cwd: path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+    cwd: new URL(".", import.meta.url).pathname,
     plugins: [[transformCommonJS, { loose: true }]],
     ast: false,
   }).code;
diff --git a/packages/babel-preset-env/test/regressions.js b/packages/babel-preset-env/test/regressions.js
index 9f201b0adb3e..7ee4063def86 100644
--- a/packages/babel-preset-env/test/regressions.js
+++ b/packages/babel-preset-env/test/regressions.js
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import * as babel7_12 from "@babel/core";
 import env from "..";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 describe("#12880", () => {
   it("read the .browserslistrc file when using @babel/core < 7.13.0", () => {
@@ -11,11 +9,7 @@ describe("#12880", () => {
     const out = babel7_12.transformSync("a ** b; a => b;", {
       configFile: false,
       presets: [[env, { modules: false }]],
-      filename: path.join(
-        path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-        "regressions",
-        "input.js",
-      ),
+      filename: new URL("./regressions/input.js", import.meta.url).pathname,
     });
 
     expect(out.code).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
diff --git a/packages/babel-register/test/browserify.js b/packages/babel-register/test/browserify.js
index 8fb983b97b8f..cec0d9f16b73 100644
--- a/packages/babel-register/test/browserify.js
+++ b/packages/babel-register/test/browserify.js
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 import browserify from "browserify";
-import path from "path";
 import vm from "vm";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 describe("browserify", function () {
   it("@babel/register may be used without breaking browserify", function (done) {
     const bundler = browserify(
-      path.join(
-        path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-        "fixtures/browserify/register.js",
-      ),
+      new URL("./fixtures/browserify/register.js", import.meta.url).pathname,
     );
 
     bundler.bundle(function (err, bundle) {
diff --git a/packages/babel-register/test/cache.js b/packages/babel-register/test/cache.js
index 222889871af8..995b6ac31db3 100644
--- a/packages/babel-register/test/cache.js
+++ b/packages/babel-register/test/cache.js
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 import fs from "fs";
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
-const testCacheFilename = path.join(
-  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-  ".babel",
-);
+const testCacheFilename = new URL("./.babel", import.meta.url).pathname;
 const oldBabelDisableCacheValue = process.env.BABEL_DISABLE_CACHE;
 
 process.env.BABEL_CACHE_PATH = testCacheFilename;
diff --git a/scripts/generators/tsconfig.js b/scripts/generators/tsconfig.js
index eee32f516d98..f8f11e82410e 100644
--- a/scripts/generators/tsconfig.js
+++ b/scripts/generators/tsconfig.js
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
 
-const root = path.resolve(
-  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-  "../../"
-);
+const root = new URL("../..", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 function getTsPkgs(subRoot) {
   return fs
diff --git a/scripts/parser-tests/flow/index.js b/scripts/parser-tests/flow/index.js
index 7b7e8a0b0c8e..4256aac51ceb 100644
--- a/scripts/parser-tests/flow/index.js
+++ b/scripts/parser-tests/flow/index.js
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import fs from "fs/promises";
 import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import merge from "mergeiterator";
 import TestRunner from "../utils/parser-test-runner.js";
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-
 const flowOptionsMapping = {
   esproposal_class_instance_fields: "classProperties",
   esproposal_class_static_fields: "classProperties",
@@ -91,8 +88,9 @@ async function* loadTests(root) {
 }
 
 const runner = new TestRunner({
-  testDir: path.join(dirname, "../../../build/flow/src/parser/test/flow"),
-  allowlist: path.join(dirname, "allowlist.txt"),
+  testDir: new URL("../../../build/flow/src/parser/test/flow", import.meta.url)
+    .pathname,
+  allowlist: new URL("./allowlist.txt", import.meta.url).pathname,
   shouldUpdate: process.argv.includes("--update-allowlist"),
 
   async *getTests() {
diff --git a/scripts/parser-tests/test262/index.js b/scripts/parser-tests/test262/index.js
index 3c4d1856ad2b..18f284ecd21f 100644
--- a/scripts/parser-tests/test262/index.js
+++ b/scripts/parser-tests/test262/index.js
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
-import path from "path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import TestStream from "test262-stream";
 import TestRunner from "../utils/parser-test-runner.js";
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-
 const ignoredFeatures = [
   "__getter__",
   "__setter__",
@@ -166,8 +162,8 @@ function* getPlugins(features) {
 }
 
 const runner = new TestRunner({
-  testDir: path.join(dirname, "../../../build/test262"),
-  allowlist: path.join(dirname, "allowlist.txt"),
+  testDir: new URL("../../../build/test262", import.meta.url).pathname,
+  allowlist: new URL("./allowlist.txt", import.meta.url).pathname,
   logInterval: 500,
   shouldUpdate: process.argv.includes("--update-allowlist"),
 
diff --git a/scripts/parser-tests/typescript/index.js b/scripts/parser-tests/typescript/index.js
index 52813b16587d..442512f674a3 100644
--- a/scripts/parser-tests/typescript/index.js
+++ b/scripts/parser-tests/typescript/index.js
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs/promises";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import ts from "../../../build/typescript/lib/typescript.js";
 import TestRunner from "../utils/parser-test-runner.js";
 import parsingErrorCodes from "./error-codes.js";
 
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-
 async function* loadTests(dir) {
   const names = await fs.readdir(dir);
 
@@ -24,17 +21,16 @@ const plugins = [
   "dynamicImport",
 ];
 
-const TSTestsPath = path.join(dirname, "../../../build/typescript/tests");
+const TSTestsUrl = new URL("../../../build/typescript/tests/", import.meta.url);
 
 // Check if the baseline errors contain the codes that should also be thrown from babel-parser
 async function baselineContainsParserErrorCodes(testName) {
   try {
     const baselineErrors = await fs.readFile(
-      path.join(
-        TSTestsPath,
-        "baselines/reference",
-        testName.replace(/\.tsx?$/, ".errors.txt")
-      ),
+      new URL(
+        `./baselines/reference/${testName.replace(/\.tsx?$/, ".errors.txt")}`,
+        TSTestsUrl
+      ).pathname,
       "utf8"
     );
     return parsingErrorCodes.some(code => baselineErrors.includes(code));
@@ -47,8 +43,8 @@ async function baselineContainsParserErrorCodes(testName) {
 }
 
 const runner = new TestRunner({
-  testDir: path.join(TSTestsPath, "./cases/compiler"),
-  allowlist: path.join(dirname, "allowlist.txt"),
+  testDir: new URL("./cases/compiler", TSTestsUrl).pathname,
+  allowlist: new URL("./allowlist.txt", import.meta.url).pathname,
   logInterval: 50,
   shouldUpdate: process.argv.includes("--update-allowlist"),
 
diff --git a/scripts/rollup-plugin-babel-source.js b/scripts/rollup-plugin-babel-source.js
index 522dfd9789ee..5d723b5adf8f 100644
--- a/scripts/rollup-plugin-babel-source.js
+++ b/scripts/rollup-plugin-babel-source.js
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "url";
 import { createRequire } from "module";
 
 const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
-const monorepoRoot = path.join(
-  path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
-  ".."
-);
+const monorepoRoot = new URL("..", import.meta.url).pathname;
 
 const BABEL_SRC_REGEXP =
   path.sep === "/"