From 431f5d3498f646ec91510b602dac726cf6f6baf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 24 Mar 2023 10:06:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] simplify isAsyncFunction

---
 packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts | 8 ++------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
index bd023239ef5b..bb4384631002 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
 import ExpressionParser from "./expression";
 import { Errors } from "../parse-error";
 import { isIdentifierChar, isIdentifierStart } from "../util/identifier";
-import { lineBreak } from "../util/whitespace";
 import * as charCodes from "charcodes";
 import {
   BIND_CLASS,
@@ -2458,11 +2457,8 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
 
   isAsyncFunction(): boolean {
     if (!this.isContextual(tt._async)) return false;
-    const next = this.nextTokenStart();
-    return (
-      !lineBreak.test(this.input.slice(this.state.pos, next)) &&
-      this.isUnparsedContextual(next, "function")
-    );
+    const next = this.nextTokenInLineStart();
+    return this.isUnparsedContextual(next, "function");
   }
 
   parseExportDefaultExpression(this: Parser): N.Expression | N.Declaration {

From fef32c7ccd20fb812abb18bef044ebf200080e33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 12:21:32 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] add more test cases for explicit-resource-management

---
 .../valid-for-using-declaration/input.js      |  3 +
 .../valid-for-using-declaration/output.json   | 56 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 59 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06d1db008dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  for (using basic = reader();;);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..75ae3eaf7640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":37,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":37}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":37,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":37}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "BlockStatement",
+        "start":0,"end":37,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":37}},
+        "body": [
+          {
+            "type": "ForStatement",
+            "start":4,"end":35,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":4},"end":{"line":2,"column":33,"index":35}},
+            "init": {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":9,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":7,"index":9},"end":{"line":2,"column":29,"index":31}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":15,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":15},"end":{"line":2,"column":29,"index":31}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":15,"end":20,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":15},"end":{"line":2,"column":18,"index":20},"identifierName":"basic"},
+                    "name": "basic"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":23,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":29,"index":31}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":23,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":27,"index":29},"identifierName":"reader"},
+                      "name": "reader"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "using"
+            },
+            "test": null,
+            "update": null,
+            "body": {
+              "type": "EmptyStatement",
+              "start":34,"end":35,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":32,"index":34},"end":{"line":2,"column":33,"index":35}}
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "directives": []
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}

From 892de2e506ca669d87138eefb097034305304228 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 12:33:01 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] add await using AST definition

---
 packages/babel-types/src/ast-types/generated/index.ts | 2 +-
 packages/babel-types/src/builders/generated/index.ts  | 2 +-
 packages/babel-types/src/definitions/core.ts          | 2 ++
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/babel-types/src/ast-types/generated/index.ts b/packages/babel-types/src/ast-types/generated/index.ts
index ba045b24d0d0..fc30e0ee912f 100644
--- a/packages/babel-types/src/ast-types/generated/index.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-types/src/ast-types/generated/index.ts
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ export interface UpdateExpression extends BaseNode {
 
 export interface VariableDeclaration extends BaseNode {
   type: "VariableDeclaration";
-  kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using";
+  kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using" | "await using";
   declarations: Array<VariableDeclarator>;
   declare?: boolean | null;
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-types/src/builders/generated/index.ts b/packages/babel-types/src/builders/generated/index.ts
index 06c8521b05ea..b29b4d9cb530 100644
--- a/packages/babel-types/src/builders/generated/index.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-types/src/builders/generated/index.ts
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ export function updateExpression(
   });
 }
 export function variableDeclaration(
-  kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using",
+  kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using" | "await using",
   declarations: Array<t.VariableDeclarator>,
 ): t.VariableDeclaration {
   return validateNode<t.VariableDeclaration>({
diff --git a/packages/babel-types/src/definitions/core.ts b/packages/babel-types/src/definitions/core.ts
index fcf2c130ef05..79fb3e1c435f 100644
--- a/packages/babel-types/src/definitions/core.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-types/src/definitions/core.ts
@@ -1155,6 +1155,8 @@ defineType("VariableDeclaration", {
         "const",
         // https://github.com/tc39/proposal-explicit-resource-management
         "using",
+        // https://github.com/tc39/proposal-async-explicit-resource-management
+        "await using",
       ),
     },
     declarations: {

From b396838b76d303a1b699a4f7ed4c97c380c4553d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 11:58:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] parse await using declaration

---
 packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json        |   2 +
 .../src/parse-error/standard-errors.ts        |   2 +
 packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts | 100 ++-
 packages/babel-parser/src/types.d.ts          |   2 +-
 packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts        |   1 +
 .../input.js                                  |   3 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/input.js |   9 +
 .../output.json                               | 138 ++++
 .../invalid-export-await-using/input.js       |   1 +
 .../invalid-export-await-using/options.json   |   4 +
 .../input.js                                  |   4 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../input.js                                  |   4 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../input.js                                  |   8 +
 .../output.json                               | 211 ++++++
 .../input.js                                  |   1 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../output.json                               |  51 ++
 .../input.js                                  |   1 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../output.json                               |  42 ++
 .../input.js                                  |  12 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../output.json                               | 214 ++++++
 .../input.js                                  |  12 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../output.json                               | 214 ++++++
 .../invalid-using-binding-let/input.js        |   3 +
 .../invalid-using-binding-let/output.json     |  61 ++
 .../invalid-using-decl-as-expr/input.js       |   3 +
 .../invalid-using-decl-as-expr/output.json    |  87 +++
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../input.js                                  |   5 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../output.json                               |  62 ++
 .../valid-await-asi-using-binding/input.js    |   4 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../valid-await-asi-using-binding/output.json |  55 ++
 .../valid-await-expr-using/input.js           |   4 +
 .../valid-await-expr-using/output.json        | 156 +++++
 .../valid-await-using-asi-assignment/input.js |   4 +
 .../options.json                              |   3 +
 .../output.json                               |  69 ++
 .../valid-await-using-comments/input.js       |  14 +
 .../valid-await-using-comments/output.json    | 607 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../input.js                                  |   3 +
 .../output.json                               |  45 ++
 .../valid-for-using-binding-of-of/input.js    |   4 +
 .../valid-for-using-binding-of-of/output.json |  94 +++
 .../valid-for-using-declaration/input.js      |   3 +
 .../valid-for-using-declaration/output.json   |  68 ++
 .../input.js                                  |   3 +
 .../options.json                              |   4 +
 .../output.json                               |  68 ++
 .../valid-using-binding-basic/input.js        |   3 +
 .../valid-using-binding-basic/output.json     |  58 ++
 .../valid-using-binding-escaped/input.js      |   3 +
 .../valid-using-binding-escaped/output.json   |  53 ++
 .../valid-using-binding-non-bmp/input.js      |   3 +
 .../valid-using-binding-non-bmp/output.json   |  58 ++
 .../valid-using-binding-using/input.js        |   4 +
 .../valid-using-binding-using/output.json     |  84 +++
 64 files changed, 2734 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-comments/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-comments/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-binding-of-of/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-binding-of-of/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/output.json

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json b/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json
index ec354824d433..659af3272f02 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json
@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@
           },
           {
             "enum": [
+              "asyncDoExpressions",
+              "asyncExplicitResourceManagement",
               "asyncGenerators",
               "bigInt",
               "classPrivateMethods",
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/parse-error/standard-errors.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/parse-error/standard-errors.ts
index 64df29c7efb5..7eebae6e5b4d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/parse-error/standard-errors.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/parse-error/standard-errors.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ export default {
     "Can not use 'await' as identifier inside a static block.",
   AwaitExpressionFormalParameter:
     "'await' is not allowed in async function parameters.",
+  AwaitUsingNotInAsyncContext:
+    "'await using' is only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.",
   AwaitNotInAsyncContext:
     "'await' is only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules.",
   AwaitNotInAsyncFunction: "'await' is only allowed within async functions.",
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
index bb4384631002..6c6fdb941ca6 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
@@ -348,6 +348,19 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
     }
   }
 
+  startsAwaitUsing(): boolean {
+    let next = this.nextTokenInLineStart();
+    if (this.isUnparsedContextual(next, "using")) {
+      next = this.nextTokenInLineStartSince(next + 5);
+      const nextCh = this.codePointAtPos(next);
+      if (this.chStartsBindingIdentifier(nextCh, next)) {
+        this.expectPlugin("asyncExplicitResourceManagement");
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
   // https://tc39.es/ecma262/#prod-ModuleItem
   parseModuleItem(this: Parser) {
     return this.parseStatementLike(
@@ -482,6 +495,23 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
       case tt._try:
         return this.parseTryStatement(node as Undone<N.TryStatement>);
 
+      case tt._await:
+        // [+Await] await [no LineTerminator here] using [no LineTerminator here] BindingList[+Using]
+        if (!this.state.containsEsc && this.startsAwaitUsing()) {
+          if (!this.isAwaitAllowed()) {
+            this.raise(Errors.AwaitUsingNotInAsyncContext, { at: node });
+          } else if (!allowDeclaration) {
+            this.raise(Errors.UnexpectedLexicalDeclaration, {
+              at: node,
+            });
+          }
+          this.next(); // eat 'await'
+          return this.parseVarStatement(
+            node as Undone<N.VariableDeclaration>,
+            "await using",
+          );
+        }
+        break;
       case tt._using:
         // using [no LineTerminator here] BindingList[+Using]
         if (
@@ -912,31 +942,49 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
     }
 
     const startsWithLet = this.isContextual(tt._let);
-    const startsWithUsing = this.isContextual(tt._using);
-    const isLetOrUsing =
-      (startsWithLet && this.hasFollowingBindingAtom()) ||
-      (startsWithUsing && this.startsUsingForOf());
-    if (this.match(tt._var) || this.match(tt._const) || isLetOrUsing) {
-      const initNode = this.startNode<N.VariableDeclaration>();
-      const kind = this.state.value;
-      this.next();
-      this.parseVar(initNode, true, kind);
-      const init = this.finishNode(initNode, "VariableDeclaration");
+    {
+      const startsWithAwaitUsing =
+        this.isContextual(tt._await) && this.startsAwaitUsing();
+      const starsWithUsingDeclaration =
+        startsWithAwaitUsing ||
+        (this.isContextual(tt._using) && this.startsUsingForOf());
+      const isLetOrUsing =
+        (startsWithLet && this.hasFollowingBindingAtom()) ||
+        starsWithUsingDeclaration;
+
+      if (this.match(tt._var) || this.match(tt._const) || isLetOrUsing) {
+        const initNode = this.startNode<N.VariableDeclaration>();
+        let kind;
+        if (startsWithAwaitUsing) {
+          kind = "await using";
+          if (!this.isAwaitAllowed()) {
+            this.raise(Errors.AwaitUsingNotInAsyncContext, {
+              at: this.state.startLoc,
+            });
+          }
+          this.next(); // eat 'await'
+        } else {
+          kind = this.state.value;
+        }
+        this.next();
+        this.parseVar(initNode, true, kind);
+        const init = this.finishNode(initNode, "VariableDeclaration");
 
-      const isForIn = this.match(tt._in);
-      if (isForIn && startsWithUsing) {
-        this.raise(Errors.ForInUsing, { at: init });
-      }
-      if (
-        (isForIn || this.isContextual(tt._of)) &&
-        init.declarations.length === 1
-      ) {
-        return this.parseForIn(node as Undone<N.ForInOf>, init, awaitAt);
-      }
-      if (awaitAt !== null) {
-        this.unexpected(awaitAt);
+        const isForIn = this.match(tt._in);
+        if (isForIn && starsWithUsingDeclaration) {
+          this.raise(Errors.ForInUsing, { at: init });
+        }
+        if (
+          (isForIn || this.isContextual(tt._of)) &&
+          init.declarations.length === 1
+        ) {
+          return this.parseForIn(node as Undone<N.ForInOf>, init, awaitAt);
+        }
+        if (awaitAt !== null) {
+          this.unexpected(awaitAt);
+        }
+        return this.parseFor(node as Undone<N.ForStatement>, init);
       }
-      return this.parseFor(node as Undone<N.ForStatement>, init);
     }
 
     // Check whether the first token is possibly a contextual keyword, so that
@@ -1158,7 +1206,7 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
   parseVarStatement(
     this: Parser,
     node: Undone<N.VariableDeclaration>,
-    kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using",
+    kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using" | "await using",
     allowMissingInitializer: boolean = false,
   ): N.VariableDeclaration {
     this.next();
@@ -1491,7 +1539,7 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
     this: Parser,
     node: Undone<N.VariableDeclaration>,
     isFor: boolean,
-    kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using",
+    kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using" | "await using",
     allowMissingInitializer: boolean = false,
   ): Undone<N.VariableDeclaration> {
     const declarations: N.VariableDeclarator[] = (node.declarations = []);
@@ -1533,7 +1581,7 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
   parseVarId(
     this: Parser,
     decl: Undone<N.VariableDeclarator>,
-    kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using",
+    kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using" | "await using",
   ): void {
     const id = this.parseBindingAtom();
     this.checkLVal(id, {
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/types.d.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/types.d.ts
index 3c178224b0bd..15fb192cebdf 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/types.d.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/types.d.ts
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ export interface FunctionDeclaration extends OptFunctionDeclaration {
 export interface VariableDeclaration extends DeclarationBase, HasDecorators {
   type: "VariableDeclaration";
   declarations: VariableDeclarator[];
-  kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using";
+  kind: "var" | "let" | "const" | "using" | "await using";
 }
 
 export interface VariableDeclarator extends NodeBase {
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts
index 3ed4a5c70b59..bfde3490be83 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export type Plugin =
   | "asyncDoExpressions"
+  | "asyncExplicitResourceManagement"
   | "asyncGenerators"
   | "bigInt"
   | "classPrivateMethods"
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0f2a5dfcc635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using reader = getReader();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..63a3dde712b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "throws": "This experimental syntax requires enabling the parser plugin: \"asyncExplicitResourceManagement\". (2:2)"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..82743cd3b697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+async function f() {
+  {
+    await using f, f = foo();
+  }
+  {
+    await using g = foo();
+    await using g = foo();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd7e07bd5c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-duplicate-using-bindings/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":122,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":9,"column":1,"index":122}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: Identifier 'f' has already been declared. (3:19)",
+    "SyntaxError: Identifier 'g' has already been declared. (7:16)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":122,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":9,"column":1,"index":122}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":122,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":9,"column":1,"index":122}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":122,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":9,"column":1,"index":122}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "BlockStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":58,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":4,"column":3,"index":58}},
+              "body": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                  "start":29,"end":54,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":4,"index":29},"end":{"line":3,"column":29,"index":54}},
+                  "declarations": [
+                    {
+                      "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                      "start":41,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":16,"index":41},"end":{"line":3,"column":17,"index":42}},
+                      "id": {
+                        "type": "Identifier",
+                        "start":41,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":16,"index":41},"end":{"line":3,"column":17,"index":42},"identifierName":"f"},
+                        "name": "f"
+                      },
+                      "init": null
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                      "start":44,"end":53,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":19,"index":44},"end":{"line":3,"column":28,"index":53}},
+                      "id": {
+                        "type": "Identifier",
+                        "start":44,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":19,"index":44},"end":{"line":3,"column":20,"index":45},"identifierName":"f"},
+                        "name": "f"
+                      },
+                      "init": {
+                        "type": "CallExpression",
+                        "start":48,"end":53,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":23,"index":48},"end":{"line":3,"column":28,"index":53}},
+                        "callee": {
+                          "type": "Identifier",
+                          "start":48,"end":51,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":23,"index":48},"end":{"line":3,"column":26,"index":51},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                          "name": "foo"
+                        },
+                        "arguments": []
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "kind": "await using"
+                }
+              ],
+              "directives": []
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "BlockStatement",
+              "start":61,"end":120,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":2,"index":61},"end":{"line":8,"column":3,"index":120}},
+              "body": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                  "start":67,"end":89,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":4,"index":67},"end":{"line":6,"column":26,"index":89}},
+                  "declarations": [
+                    {
+                      "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                      "start":79,"end":88,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":16,"index":79},"end":{"line":6,"column":25,"index":88}},
+                      "id": {
+                        "type": "Identifier",
+                        "start":79,"end":80,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":16,"index":79},"end":{"line":6,"column":17,"index":80},"identifierName":"g"},
+                        "name": "g"
+                      },
+                      "init": {
+                        "type": "CallExpression",
+                        "start":83,"end":88,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":20,"index":83},"end":{"line":6,"column":25,"index":88}},
+                        "callee": {
+                          "type": "Identifier",
+                          "start":83,"end":86,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":20,"index":83},"end":{"line":6,"column":23,"index":86},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                          "name": "foo"
+                        },
+                        "arguments": []
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "kind": "await using"
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                  "start":94,"end":116,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":4,"index":94},"end":{"line":7,"column":26,"index":116}},
+                  "declarations": [
+                    {
+                      "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                      "start":106,"end":115,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":16,"index":106},"end":{"line":7,"column":25,"index":115}},
+                      "id": {
+                        "type": "Identifier",
+                        "start":106,"end":107,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":16,"index":106},"end":{"line":7,"column":17,"index":107},"identifierName":"g"},
+                        "name": "g"
+                      },
+                      "init": {
+                        "type": "CallExpression",
+                        "start":110,"end":115,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":20,"index":110},"end":{"line":7,"column":25,"index":115}},
+                        "callee": {
+                          "type": "Identifier",
+                          "start":110,"end":113,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":20,"index":110},"end":{"line":7,"column":23,"index":113},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                          "name": "foo"
+                        },
+                        "arguments": []
+                      }
+                    }
+                  ],
+                  "kind": "await using"
+                }
+              ],
+              "directives": []
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d9e7b79c9b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export await using basic = reader();
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9b76c337e1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-export-await-using/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "sourceType": "module",
+  "throws": "Unexpected token, expected \"{\" (1:7)"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..60ebc45937a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+async function f() {
+  for (await
+    using basic of []);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..28c00573d82c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-linebreak-using/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "throws": "Unexpected token (3:20)"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5602d169cd23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+async function f() {
+  for (await using
+    basic of []);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..42f104b62d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-for-of-await-using-linebreak/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "throws": "Unexpected token (3:14)"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e27ea3014676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+async function f() {
+  while (1) await using a;
+  for (;;) await using b;
+  do await using c; while (1);
+  if (1) await using d;
+  with (1) await using e;
+  label: await using f;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8e74752facbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-in-single-statement-context/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":180,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":8,"column":1,"index":180}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: Lexical declaration cannot appear in a single-statement context. (2:12)",
+    "SyntaxError: Lexical declaration cannot appear in a single-statement context. (3:11)",
+    "SyntaxError: Lexical declaration cannot appear in a single-statement context. (4:5)",
+    "SyntaxError: Lexical declaration cannot appear in a single-statement context. (5:9)",
+    "SyntaxError: Lexical declaration cannot appear in a single-statement context. (6:11)",
+    "SyntaxError: Lexical declaration cannot appear in a single-statement context. (7:9)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":180,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":8,"column":1,"index":180}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":180,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":8,"column":1,"index":180}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":180,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":8,"column":1,"index":180}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "WhileStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":26,"index":47}},
+              "test": {
+                "type": "NumericLiteral",
+                "start":30,"end":31,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":9,"index":30},"end":{"line":2,"column":10,"index":31}},
+                "extra": {
+                  "rawValue": 1,
+                  "raw": "1"
+                },
+                "value": 1
+              },
+              "body": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":33,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":12,"index":33},"end":{"line":2,"column":26,"index":47}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":45,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":45,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46},"identifierName":"a"},
+                      "name": "a"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "ForStatement",
+              "start":50,"end":73,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2,"index":50},"end":{"line":3,"column":25,"index":73}},
+              "init": null,
+              "test": null,
+              "update": null,
+              "body": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":59,"end":73,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":11,"index":59},"end":{"line":3,"column":25,"index":73}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":71,"end":72,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":23,"index":71},"end":{"line":3,"column":24,"index":72}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":71,"end":72,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":23,"index":71},"end":{"line":3,"column":24,"index":72},"identifierName":"b"},
+                      "name": "b"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "DoWhileStatement",
+              "start":76,"end":104,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":2,"index":76},"end":{"line":4,"column":30,"index":104}},
+              "body": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":79,"end":93,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":5,"index":79},"end":{"line":4,"column":19,"index":93}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":91,"end":92,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":17,"index":91},"end":{"line":4,"column":18,"index":92}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":91,"end":92,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":17,"index":91},"end":{"line":4,"column":18,"index":92},"identifierName":"c"},
+                      "name": "c"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              },
+              "test": {
+                "type": "NumericLiteral",
+                "start":101,"end":102,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":27,"index":101},"end":{"line":4,"column":28,"index":102}},
+                "extra": {
+                  "rawValue": 1,
+                  "raw": "1"
+                },
+                "value": 1
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "IfStatement",
+              "start":107,"end":128,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":2,"index":107},"end":{"line":5,"column":23,"index":128}},
+              "test": {
+                "type": "NumericLiteral",
+                "start":111,"end":112,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":6,"index":111},"end":{"line":5,"column":7,"index":112}},
+                "extra": {
+                  "rawValue": 1,
+                  "raw": "1"
+                },
+                "value": 1
+              },
+              "consequent": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":114,"end":128,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":9,"index":114},"end":{"line":5,"column":23,"index":128}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":126,"end":127,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":21,"index":126},"end":{"line":5,"column":22,"index":127}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":126,"end":127,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":21,"index":126},"end":{"line":5,"column":22,"index":127},"identifierName":"d"},
+                      "name": "d"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              },
+              "alternate": null
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "WithStatement",
+              "start":131,"end":154,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":2,"index":131},"end":{"line":6,"column":25,"index":154}},
+              "object": {
+                "type": "NumericLiteral",
+                "start":137,"end":138,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":8,"index":137},"end":{"line":6,"column":9,"index":138}},
+                "extra": {
+                  "rawValue": 1,
+                  "raw": "1"
+                },
+                "value": 1
+              },
+              "body": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":140,"end":154,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":11,"index":140},"end":{"line":6,"column":25,"index":154}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":152,"end":153,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":23,"index":152},"end":{"line":6,"column":24,"index":153}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":152,"end":153,"loc":{"start":{"line":6,"column":23,"index":152},"end":{"line":6,"column":24,"index":153},"identifierName":"e"},
+                      "name": "e"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              }
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "LabeledStatement",
+              "start":157,"end":178,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":2,"index":157},"end":{"line":7,"column":23,"index":178}},
+              "body": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":164,"end":178,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":9,"index":164},"end":{"line":7,"column":23,"index":178}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":176,"end":177,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":21,"index":176},"end":{"line":7,"column":22,"index":177}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":176,"end":177,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":21,"index":176},"end":{"line":7,"column":22,"index":177},"identifierName":"f"},
+                      "name": "f"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              },
+              "label": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":157,"end":162,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":2,"index":157},"end":{"line":7,"column":7,"index":162},"identifierName":"label"},
+                "name": "label"
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..587d0b393803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+label: await using x = bar();
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b412ffe6712f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "sourceType": "script"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..944dd71fb6d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-labeled-using-binding/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":29,"index":29}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: 'await using' is only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules. (1:7)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":29,"index":29}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "LabeledStatement",
+        "start":0,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":29,"index":29}},
+        "body": {
+          "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+          "start":7,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":7,"index":7},"end":{"line":1,"column":29,"index":29}},
+          "declarations": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+              "start":19,"end":28,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":1,"column":28,"index":28}},
+              "id": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":19,"end":20,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":1,"column":20,"index":20},"identifierName":"x"},
+                "name": "x"
+              },
+              "init": {
+                "type": "CallExpression",
+                "start":23,"end":28,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":23,"index":23},"end":{"line":1,"column":28,"index":28}},
+                "callee": {
+                  "type": "Identifier",
+                  "start":23,"end":26,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":23,"index":23},"end":{"line":1,"column":26,"index":26},"identifierName":"bar"},
+                  "name": "bar"
+                },
+                "arguments": []
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "kind": "await using"
+        },
+        "label": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":0,"end":5,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":5,"index":5},"identifierName":"label"},
+          "name": "label"
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c806400a3d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+await using x = bar();
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b412ffe6712f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "sourceType": "script"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bb1c9a28d166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-script-top-level-using-binding/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":22,"index":22}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: 'await using' is only allowed within async functions and at the top levels of modules. (1:0)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":22,"index":22}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":22,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":1,"column":22,"index":22}},
+        "declarations": [
+          {
+            "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+            "start":12,"end":21,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":12,"index":12},"end":{"line":1,"column":21,"index":21}},
+            "id": {
+              "type": "Identifier",
+              "start":12,"end":13,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":12,"index":12},"end":{"line":1,"column":13,"index":13},"identifierName":"x"},
+              "name": "x"
+            },
+            "init": {
+              "type": "CallExpression",
+              "start":16,"end":21,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"end":{"line":1,"column":21,"index":21}},
+              "callee": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":16,"end":19,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"end":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"identifierName":"bar"},
+                "name": "bar"
+              },
+              "arguments": []
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "kind": "await using"
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c8bfd7d35a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+async function f () {
+  await using await = h();
+}
+async function g () {
+  await using \u0061wait = h();
+}
+async function h () {
+  await using x, await = h();
+}
+async function i () {
+  for (await using await of []);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2104ca43283f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "sourceType": "module"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9c85f9b4860d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-module/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":217,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":12,"column":1,"index":217}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word 'await'. (2:14)",
+    "SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word 'await'. (5:14)",
+    "SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word 'await'. (8:17)",
+    "SyntaxError: Unexpected reserved word 'await'. (11:19)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":217,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":12,"column":1,"index":217}},
+    "sourceType": "module",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":50,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":50}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":20,"end":50,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":20,"index":20},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":50}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":24,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":24},"end":{"line":2,"column":26,"index":48}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":36,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":36},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":47}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":36,"end":41,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":36},"end":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":41},"identifierName":"await"},
+                    "name": "await"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":44,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":44},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":47}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":44,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":44},"end":{"line":2,"column":23,"index":45},"identifierName":"h"},
+                      "name": "h"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":51,"end":106,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":0,"index":51},"end":{"line":6,"column":1,"index":106}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":66,"end":67,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":15,"index":66},"end":{"line":4,"column":16,"index":67},"identifierName":"g"},
+          "name": "g"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":71,"end":106,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":20,"index":71},"end":{"line":6,"column":1,"index":106}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":75,"end":104,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":2,"index":75},"end":{"line":5,"column":31,"index":104}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":87,"end":103,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":14,"index":87},"end":{"line":5,"column":30,"index":103}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":87,"end":97,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":14,"index":87},"end":{"line":5,"column":24,"index":97},"identifierName":"await"},
+                    "name": "await"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":100,"end":103,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":27,"index":100},"end":{"line":5,"column":30,"index":103}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":100,"end":101,"loc":{"start":{"line":5,"column":27,"index":100},"end":{"line":5,"column":28,"index":101},"identifierName":"h"},
+                      "name": "h"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":107,"end":160,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":0,"index":107},"end":{"line":9,"column":1,"index":160}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":122,"end":123,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":15,"index":122},"end":{"line":7,"column":16,"index":123},"identifierName":"h"},
+          "name": "h"
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+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
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+          "start":127,"end":160,"loc":{"start":{"line":7,"column":20,"index":127},"end":{"line":9,"column":1,"index":160}},
+          "body": [
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+              "start":131,"end":158,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":2,"index":131},"end":{"line":8,"column":29,"index":158}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":143,"end":144,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":14,"index":143},"end":{"line":8,"column":15,"index":144}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":143,"end":144,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":14,"index":143},"end":{"line":8,"column":15,"index":144},"identifierName":"x"},
+                    "name": "x"
+                  },
+                  "init": null
+                },
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":146,"end":157,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":17,"index":146},"end":{"line":8,"column":28,"index":157}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":146,"end":151,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":17,"index":146},"end":{"line":8,"column":22,"index":151},"identifierName":"await"},
+                    "name": "await"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":154,"end":157,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":25,"index":154},"end":{"line":8,"column":28,"index":157}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":154,"end":155,"loc":{"start":{"line":8,"column":25,"index":154},"end":{"line":8,"column":26,"index":155},"identifierName":"h"},
+                      "name": "h"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":161,"end":217,"loc":{"start":{"line":10,"column":0,"index":161},"end":{"line":12,"column":1,"index":217}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":176,"end":177,"loc":{"start":{"line":10,"column":15,"index":176},"end":{"line":10,"column":16,"index":177},"identifierName":"i"},
+          "name": "i"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":181,"end":217,"loc":{"start":{"line":10,"column":20,"index":181},"end":{"line":12,"column":1,"index":217}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ForOfStatement",
+              "start":185,"end":215,"loc":{"start":{"line":11,"column":2,"index":185},"end":{"line":11,"column":32,"index":215}},
+              "await": false,
+              "left": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":190,"end":207,"loc":{"start":{"line":11,"column":7,"index":190},"end":{"line":11,"column":24,"index":207}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":202,"end":207,"loc":{"start":{"line":11,"column":19,"index":202},"end":{"line":11,"column":24,"index":207}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":202,"end":207,"loc":{"start":{"line":11,"column":19,"index":202},"end":{"line":11,"column":24,"index":207},"identifierName":"await"},
+                      "name": "await"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              },
+              "right": {
+                "type": "ArrayExpression",
+                "start":211,"end":213,"loc":{"start":{"line":11,"column":28,"index":211},"end":{"line":11,"column":30,"index":213}},
+                "elements": []
+              },
+              "body": {
+                "type": "EmptyStatement",
+                "start":214,"end":215,"loc":{"start":{"line":11,"column":31,"index":214},"end":{"line":11,"column":32,"index":215}}
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ec9efef0a8e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using await = h();
+}
+async function f() {
+  await using \u0061wait = h();
+}
+async function f() {
+  await using x, await = h();
+}
+async function f() {
+  for (await using await of []);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b412ffe6712f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "sourceType": "script"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e8bd0314fa0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-await-script/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":213,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":12,"column":1,"index":213}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: Can not use 'await' as identifier inside an async function. (2:14)",
+    "SyntaxError: Can not use 'await' as identifier inside an async function. (5:14)",
+    "SyntaxError: Can not use 'await' as identifier inside an async function. (8:17)",
+    "SyntaxError: Can not use 'await' as identifier inside an async function. (11:19)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":213,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":12,"column":1,"index":213}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":49}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":49}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":23,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":26,"index":47}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":35,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":35,"end":40,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"identifierName":"await"},
+                    "name": "await"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":43,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":43},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":43,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":43},"end":{"line":2,"column":23,"index":44},"identifierName":"h"},
+                      "name": "h"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
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diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0c5b099a054a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using let = h();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cfcf5c87b6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-binding-let/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: 'let' is not allowed to be used as a name in 'let' or 'const' declarations. (2:14)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
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+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..20339d0061d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  0,await using basic = getReader();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3049dad6556c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-decl-as-expr/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
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+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: Missing semicolon. (2:15)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
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+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
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+                    "name": "getReader"
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+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48bceee79c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement"]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b998a037e1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  await
+  using
+  using = h();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff1d688a13e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "explicitResourceManagement"]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3b50e9416eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
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+    "sourceType": "script",
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+              "name": "await"
+            }
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+              "name": "using"
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+              "operator": "=",
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+                "name": "using"
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+                  "start":28,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":4,"column":10,"index":28},"end":{"line":4,"column":11,"index":29},"identifierName":"h"},
+                  "name": "h"
+                },
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+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..45cd3bc387d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  await
+  using using = h();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff1d688a13e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "explicitResourceManagement"]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f948cf34a652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":32,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1,"index":32}},
+  "program": {
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+              "start":4,"end":9,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":4},"end":{"line":2,"column":7,"index":9},"identifierName":"await"},
+              "name": "await"
+            }
+          },
+          {
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+                  "name": "using"
+                },
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+                  "start":26,"end":29,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":16,"index":26},"end":{"line":3,"column":19,"index":29}},
+                  "callee": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":26,"end":27,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":16,"index":26},"end":{"line":3,"column":17,"index":27},"identifierName":"h"},
+                    "name": "h"
+                  },
+                  "arguments": []
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "kind": "using"
+          }
+        ],
+        "directives": []
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f056de21db03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using[x];
+  await using.x + await using(x) ? await using?.x : await using`x`;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c67aa7c336b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
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diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2dde3680d926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using
+  using = h();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff1d688a13e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "explicitResourceManagement"]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..988498e32e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/output.json
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diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-comments/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-comments/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ce48f45b7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-comments/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+async function f() {
+{
+  /*0*/await/*1*/using/*2*/b/*3*/=/*4*/f()/*5*/;
+}
+{
+  /*0*/for/*1*/(/*2*/await/*3*/using/*4*/b/*5*/=/*6*/x/*7*/;/*8*/;/*9*/)/*10*/;
+}
+{
+  /*0*/for/*1*/(/*2*/await/*3*/using/*4*/b/*5*/of/*6*/x/*7*/)/*8*/;
+}
+{
+  /*0*/for/*1*/await/*2*/(/*3*/await/*4*/using/*5*/b/*6*/of/*7*/x/*8*/)/*9*/;
+}
+}
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..be9e52179acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-comments/output.json
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diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..87d8cd132331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  for (await of [of]);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a2e8673faee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-lhs-await-as-identifier/output.json
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-binding-of-of/input.js
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diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-binding-of-of/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-binding-of-of/output.json
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index 000000000000..affdb28699e7
--- /dev/null
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new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a13b51758dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  for (await using basic = reader();;);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4eec3e4ff619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-for-using-declaration/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":62,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":62}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":62,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":62}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":62,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":62}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":62,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":62}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ForStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":60,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":39,"index":60}},
+              "init": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":28,"end":56,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":7,"index":28},"end":{"line":2,"column":35,"index":56}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":40,"end":56,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"end":{"line":2,"column":35,"index":56}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":40,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"end":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"identifierName":"basic"},
+                      "name": "basic"
+                    },
+                    "init": {
+                      "type": "CallExpression",
+                      "start":48,"end":56,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":27,"index":48},"end":{"line":2,"column":35,"index":56}},
+                      "callee": {
+                        "type": "Identifier",
+                        "start":48,"end":54,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":27,"index":48},"end":{"line":2,"column":33,"index":54},"identifierName":"reader"},
+                        "name": "reader"
+                      },
+                      "arguments": []
+                    }
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              },
+              "test": null,
+              "update": null,
+              "body": {
+                "type": "EmptyStatement",
+                "start":59,"end":60,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":38,"index":59},"end":{"line":2,"column":39,"index":60}}
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fffa04d7c7af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+const m = module {
+  await using foo = bar();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..70e7070ed475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "sourceType": "script",
+  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "moduleBlocks"]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c7d51dafc9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+        "declarations": [
+          {
+            "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+            "start":6,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":6,"index":6},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+            "id": {
+              "type": "Identifier",
+              "start":6,"end":7,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":6,"index":6},"end":{"line":1,"column":7,"index":7},"identifierName":"m"},
+              "name": "m"
+            },
+            "init": {
+              "type": "ModuleExpression",
+              "start":10,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":10,"index":10},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":47}},
+              "body": {
+                "type": "Program",
+                "start":18,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":18,"index":18},"end":{"line":3,"column":0,"index":46}},
+                "sourceType": "module",
+                "interpreter": null,
+                "body": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                    "start":21,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":21},"end":{"line":2,"column":26,"index":45}},
+                    "declarations": [
+                      {
+                        "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                        "start":33,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":33},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":44}},
+                        "id": {
+                          "type": "Identifier",
+                          "start":33,"end":36,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":33},"end":{"line":2,"column":17,"index":36},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                          "name": "foo"
+                        },
+                        "init": {
+                          "type": "CallExpression",
+                          "start":39,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":20,"index":39},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":44}},
+                          "callee": {
+                            "type": "Identifier",
+                            "start":39,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":20,"index":39},"end":{"line":2,"column":23,"index":42},"identifierName":"bar"},
+                            "name": "bar"
+                          },
+                          "arguments": []
+                        }
+                      }
+                    ],
+                    "kind": "await using"
+                  }
+                ],
+                "directives": []
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "kind": "const"
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..321993e916c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using basic = getReader();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5b6536119726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-basic/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":57,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":57}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":57,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":57}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":57,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":57}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":57,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":57}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":23,"end":55,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":34,"index":55}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":35,"end":54,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":33,"index":54}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":35,"end":40,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"identifierName":"basic"},
+                    "name": "basic"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":43,"end":54,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":43},"end":{"line":2,"column":33,"index":54}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":43,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":43},"end":{"line":2,"column":31,"index":52},"identifierName":"getReader"},
+                      "name": "getReader"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76af5903fa74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using \u0061b = c;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aa656929afc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-escaped/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":49}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":49}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":49}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":49}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":23,"end":47,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":26,"index":47}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":35,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":35,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":42},"identifierName":"ab"},
+                    "name": "ab"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":45,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46},"identifierName":"c"},
+                    "name": "c"
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cbf4ce251996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using 𠮷 = foo();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2c1b8437902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-non-bmp/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":48}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":48}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":48}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":48}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":23,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":35,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":35,"end":37,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":16,"index":37},"identifierName":"𠮷"},
+                    "name": "𠮷"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "CallExpression",
+                    "start":40,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"end":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45}},
+                    "callee": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":40,"end":43,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"end":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":43},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                      "name": "foo"
+                    },
+                    "arguments": []
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fd4e32547db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using using = of;
+  for (await using using of of);
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b25c61d9e0eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-using-binding-using/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":81,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1,"index":81}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":81,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1,"index":81}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":81,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":4,"column":1,"index":81}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":81,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":4,"column":1,"index":81}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+              "start":23,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46}},
+              "declarations": [
+                {
+                  "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                  "start":35,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45}},
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":35,"end":40,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":14,"index":35},"end":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"identifierName":"using"},
+                    "name": "using"
+                  },
+                  "init": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":43,"end":45,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":22,"index":43},"end":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"identifierName":"of"},
+                    "name": "of"
+                  }
+                }
+              ],
+              "kind": "await using"
+            },
+            {
+              "type": "ForOfStatement",
+              "start":49,"end":79,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":2,"index":49},"end":{"line":3,"column":32,"index":79}},
+              "await": false,
+              "left": {
+                "type": "VariableDeclaration",
+                "start":54,"end":71,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":7,"index":54},"end":{"line":3,"column":24,"index":71}},
+                "declarations": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "VariableDeclarator",
+                    "start":66,"end":71,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":19,"index":66},"end":{"line":3,"column":24,"index":71}},
+                    "id": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":66,"end":71,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":19,"index":66},"end":{"line":3,"column":24,"index":71},"identifierName":"using"},
+                      "name": "using"
+                    },
+                    "init": null
+                  }
+                ],
+                "kind": "await using"
+              },
+              "right": {
+                "type": "Identifier",
+                "start":75,"end":77,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":28,"index":75},"end":{"line":3,"column":30,"index":77},"identifierName":"of"},
+                "name": "of"
+              },
+              "body": {
+                "type": "EmptyStatement",
+                "start":78,"end":79,"loc":{"start":{"line":3,"column":31,"index":78},"end":{"line":3,"column":32,"index":79}}
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}

From d948c9aa67218f2a85deb23c1698172433a2de8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 12:31:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] generate await using declaration

---
 packages/babel-generator/src/generators/statements.ts     | 2 +-
 .../test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/input.js | 3 +++
 .../fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/output.js     | 3 +++
 .../await-using-declarations/for-using-init/input.js      | 3 +++
 .../await-using-declarations/for-using-init/output.js     | 3 +++
 .../await-using-declarations/for-using-of/input.js        | 8 ++++++++
 .../await-using-declarations/for-using-of/output.js       | 8 ++++++++
 .../test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json   | 3 +++
 8 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/output.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/output.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/output.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json

diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/src/generators/statements.ts b/packages/babel-generator/src/generators/statements.ts
index 6a579923258f..e6b7a96a011a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-generator/src/generators/statements.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/src/generators/statements.ts
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ export function VariableDeclaration(
   }
 
   const { kind } = node;
-  this.word(kind, kind === "using");
+  this.word(kind, kind === "using" || kind === "await using");
   this.space();
 
   let hasInits = false;
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/input.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..962b5206590c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  /*0*/await/*1*/using/*2*/b/*3*/=/*4*/f()/*5*/;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/output.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2786f6c26c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/basic/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  /*0*/await using /*2*/b /*3*/ = /*4*/f() /*5*/; /*1*/
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/input.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..299468240f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  /*0*/for/*1*/(/*2*/await/*3*/using/*4*/b/*5*/=/*6*/x/*7*/;/*8*/;/*9*/)/*10*/;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/output.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..726cc7545464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-init/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  /*0*/for /*1*/ /*8*/ /*9*/ ( /*2*/await using /*4*/b /*5*/ = /*6*/x /*3*/ /*7*/;;) /*10*/;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/input.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..06759207603b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+async function f() {
+  {
+    /*0*/for/*1*/(/*2*/await/*3*/using/*4*/b/*5*/of/*6*/x/*7*/)/*8*/;
+  }
+  {
+    /*0*/for/*1*/await/*2*/(/*3*/await/*4*/using/*5*/b/*6*/of/*7*/x/*8*/)/*9*/;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/output.js b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/output.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..573a4a22ec23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/for-using-of/output.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+async function f() {
+  {
+    /*0*/for /*1*/ ( /*2*/await using /*4*/b /*3*/ /*5*/ of /*6*/x /*7*/) /*8*/;
+  }
+  {
+    /*0*/for /*1*/ /*2*/ await ( /*3*/await using /*5*/b /*4*/ /*6*/ of /*7*/x /*8*/) /*9*/;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..48bceee79c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement"]
+}

From 377b63cca6b742a45db8504e3760cb52a30f3035 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 12:40:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] register await using as const declaration

---
 packages/babel-traverse/src/scope/index.ts | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/babel-traverse/src/scope/index.ts b/packages/babel-traverse/src/scope/index.ts
index 885e86b754ad..2fe2bb83405f 100644
--- a/packages/babel-traverse/src/scope/index.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-traverse/src/scope/index.ts
@@ -746,7 +746,10 @@ export default class Scope {
       const declarations = path.get("declarations");
       const { kind } = path.node;
       for (const declar of declarations) {
-        this.registerBinding(kind === "using" ? "const" : kind, declar);
+        this.registerBinding(
+          kind === "using" || kind === "await using" ? "const" : kind,
+          declar,
+        );
       }
     } else if (path.isClassDeclaration()) {
       if (path.node.declare) return;

From 678906245835085fd06533e96716b2dcae51d314 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 12:40:20 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] add syntax plugin

---
 .../README.md                                 | 19 +++++++
 .../package.json                              | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/index.ts                              | 13 +++++
 tsconfig.json                                 |  4 ++
 yarn.lock                                     | 11 ++++
 5 files changed, 97 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts

diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..db45b0044848
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management
+
+> Allow parsing of the using declarations
+
+See our website [@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management](https://babeljs.io/docs/en/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management) for more information.
+
+## Install
+
+Using npm:
+
+```sh
+npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management
+```
+
+or using yarn:
+
+```sh
+yarn add @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management --dev
+```
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b18917c00342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+  "name": "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management",
+  "version": "7.20.0",
+  "description": "Allow parsing of the await using declarations",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "https://github.com/babel/babel.git",
+    "directory": "packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management"
+  },
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "publishConfig": {
+    "access": "public"
+  },
+  "main": "./lib/index.js",
+  "keywords": [
+    "babel-plugin"
+  ],
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "workspace:^"
+  },
+  "peerDependencies": {
+    "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@babel/core": "workspace:^"
+  },
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=6.9.0"
+  },
+  "author": "The Babel Team (https://babel.dev/team)",
+  "conditions": {
+    "BABEL_8_BREAKING": [
+      null,
+      {
+        "exports": null
+      }
+    ],
+    "USE_ESM": [
+      {
+        "type": "module"
+      },
+      null
+    ]
+  },
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./lib/index.js",
+    "./package.json": "./package.json"
+  },
+  "type": "commonjs"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a3d8551311db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { declare } from "@babel/helper-plugin-utils";
+
+export default declare(api => {
+  api.assertVersion(7);
+
+  return {
+    name: "syntax-async-explicit-resource-management",
+
+    manipulateOptions(opts, parserOpts) {
+      parserOpts.plugins.push("asyncExplicitResourceManagement");
+    },
+  };
+});
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
index a362623d5daf..64106417631e 100644
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
     "./packages/babel-plugin-proposal-unicode-property-regex/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-proposal-unicode-sets-regex/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-do-expressions/src/**/*.ts",
+    "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-decimal/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-decorators/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-destructuring-private/src/**/*.ts",
@@ -379,6 +380,9 @@
       "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-do-expressions": [
         "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-do-expressions/src"
       ],
+      "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management": [
+        "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src"
+      ],
       "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal": [
         "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-decimal/src"
       ],
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 8246ec05989b..34ddadbaa559 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1832,6 +1832,17 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
+"@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management":
+  version: 0.0.0-use.local
+  resolution: "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management"
+  dependencies:
+    "@babel/core": "workspace:^"
+    "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "workspace:^"
+  peerDependencies:
+    "@babel/core": ^7.0.0-0
+  languageName: unknown
+  linkType: soft
+
 "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-generators@npm:^7.8.4":
   version: 7.8.4
   resolution: "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-generators@npm:7.8.4"

From 1890dc3d3ef584b7b2b033c0c9a8919a2271ebc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 12:42:58 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] add syntax plugin to standalone

---
 packages/babel-standalone/package.json              | 1 +
 packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json | 1 +
 packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts  | 4 ++++
 packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts     | 1 +
 yarn.lock                                           | 3 ++-
 5 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/package.json b/packages/babel-standalone/package.json
index 2e9ae54db80a..ed37491fe6cc 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/package.json
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/package.json
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-throw-expressions": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-property-regex": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-sets-regex": "workspace:^",
+    "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-destructuring-private": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json b/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json
index 815d03edd31c..16c6e90b783c 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
   ],
   "externalPlugins": [
     "external-helpers",
+    "syntax-async-explicit-resource-management",
     "syntax-decimal",
     "syntax-decorators",
     "syntax-destructuring-private",
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts b/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts
index 285f8946c40c..7bda0a41d36d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 import makeNoopPlugin from "../make-noop-plugin";
 import externalHelpers from "@babel/plugin-external-helpers";
+import syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement from "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management";
 import syntaxDecimal from "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal";
 import syntaxDecorators from "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators";
 import syntaxDestructuringPrivate from "@babel/plugin-syntax-destructuring-private";
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ export const syntaxAsyncGenerators = makeNoopPlugin(),
   syntaxTopLevelAwait = makeNoopPlugin();
 export {
   externalHelpers,
+  syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement,
   syntaxDecimal,
   syntaxDecorators,
   syntaxDestructuringPrivate,
@@ -211,6 +213,8 @@ export const all: { [k: string]: any } = {
   "syntax-optional-catch-binding": syntaxOptionalCatchBinding,
   "syntax-top-level-await": syntaxTopLevelAwait,
   "external-helpers": externalHelpers,
+  "syntax-async-explicit-resource-management":
+    syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement,
   "syntax-decimal": syntaxDecimal,
   "syntax-decorators": syntaxDecorators,
   "syntax-destructuring-private": syntaxDestructuringPrivate,
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts b/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts
index d1bd3788d1a2..67402651631d 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export default (_: any, opts: any = {}) => {
   return {
     presets: [[presetStage3, opts]],
     plugins: [
+      babelPlugins.syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement,
       babelPlugins.proposalDestructuringPrivate,
       [
         babelPlugins.proposalPipelineOperator,
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 34ddadbaa559..86bc3f33f8e1 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1832,7 +1832,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
-"@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management":
+"@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:^, @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management":
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management"
   dependencies:
@@ -3708,6 +3708,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-throw-expressions": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-property-regex": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-sets-regex": "workspace:^"
+    "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-destructuring-private": "workspace:^"

From 7c6f9fac938ca295a638c2eaf87079e0c44eec99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 14:41:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] add invalid await using binding pattern cases

---
 .../invalid-using-array-pattern/input.js      |  3 +
 .../invalid-using-array-pattern/output.json   | 73 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../invalid-using-object-pattern/input.js     |  3 +
 .../invalid-using-object-pattern/options.json |  3 +
 4 files changed, 82 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/options.json

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8f6c68a2f80b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using [ foo ] = f();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9d347b2c68a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-array-pattern/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":51,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":51}},
+  "errors": [
+    "SyntaxError: Invalid left-hand side in assignment expression. (2:2)"
+  ],
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":51,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":51}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":51,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":51}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":51,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":51}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":28,"index":49}},
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "AssignmentExpression",
+                "start":23,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":27,"index":48}},
+                "operator": "=",
+                "left": {
+                  "type": "AwaitExpression",
+                  "start":23,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":42}},
+                  "argument": {
+                    "type": "MemberExpression",
+                    "start":29,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":8,"index":29},"end":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":42}},
+                    "object": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":29,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":8,"index":29},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34},"identifierName":"using"},
+                      "name": "using"
+                    },
+                    "computed": true,
+                    "property": {
+                      "type": "Identifier",
+                      "start":37,"end":40,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":16,"index":37},"end":{"line":2,"column":19,"index":40},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                      "name": "foo"
+                    }
+                  }
+                },
+                "right": {
+                  "type": "CallExpression",
+                  "start":45,"end":48,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"end":{"line":2,"column":27,"index":48}},
+                  "callee": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":45,"end":46,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":24,"index":45},"end":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46},"identifierName":"f"},
+                    "name": "f"
+                  },
+                  "arguments": []
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3aadf97fbe3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using { foo } = f();
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c2c8f56374f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/invalid-using-object-pattern/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "throws": "Unexpected token (2:22)"
+}

From 1f24171825a12be4b37a268b27468a4f9205eb02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 19:38:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] update typings

---
 packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts b/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts
index d80fff653c30..ee7c05c75311 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import * as _babel_types from '@babel/types';
 
 type Plugin =
   | "asyncDoExpressions"
+  | "asyncExplicitResourceManagement"
   | "asyncGenerators"
   | "bigInt"
   | "classPrivateMethods"

From 3077cb09c645462c9904d6a7a8777514ed59fd4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 27 Mar 2023 19:38:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] update git clean fix command

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 0d273840cec0..1e7d45496c42 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ jobs:
         run: make -j prepublish-prepare-dts lint-ci
       - name: Ensure cwd does not contain uncommitted changes
         run: |
-          node ./scripts/assert-dir-git-clean.js code-quality
+          node ./scripts/assert-dir-git-clean.js "prepublish-prepare-dts lint-ci"
 
   test:
     name: Test on Node.js # GitHub will add ${{ matrix.node-version }} to this title

From c73895714b4c2b1bebfa277f52afa4db28fede63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 29 Apr 2023 09:27:23 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] add new test cases

---
 .../valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js        |  3 +
 .../valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json     | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../input.js                                  |  3 +
 .../output.json                               | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js        |  3 +
 .../valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json     | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../input.js                                  |  3 +
 .../output.json                               | 55 +++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 232 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js
 create mode 100644 packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7dcf9e0239b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using in foo;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..17b6ddee31ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":42}},
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "BinaryExpression",
+                "start":23,"end":41,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":20,"index":41}},
+                "left": {
+                  "type": "AwaitExpression",
+                  "start":23,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34}},
+                  "argument": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":29,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":8,"index":29},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34},"identifierName":"using"},
+                    "name": "using"
+                  }
+                },
+                "operator": "in",
+                "right": {
+                  "type": "Identifier",
+                  "start":38,"end":41,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":17,"index":38},"end":{"line":2,"column":20,"index":41},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                  "name": "foo"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1818647e4761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using instanceof foo;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..39f78de56eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/es2017/async-functions/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":50,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":29,"index":50}},
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "BinaryExpression",
+                "start":23,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":28,"index":49}},
+                "left": {
+                  "type": "AwaitExpression",
+                  "start":23,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34}},
+                  "argument": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":29,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":8,"index":29},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34},"identifierName":"using"},
+                    "name": "using"
+                  }
+                },
+                "operator": "instanceof",
+                "right": {
+                  "type": "Identifier",
+                  "start":46,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46},"end":{"line":2,"column":28,"index":49},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                  "name": "foo"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7dcf9e0239b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using in foo;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..17b6ddee31ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-in/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":44,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":44}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":42,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":21,"index":42}},
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "BinaryExpression",
+                "start":23,"end":41,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":20,"index":41}},
+                "left": {
+                  "type": "AwaitExpression",
+                  "start":23,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34}},
+                  "argument": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":29,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":8,"index":29},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34},"identifierName":"using"},
+                    "name": "using"
+                  }
+                },
+                "operator": "in",
+                "right": {
+                  "type": "Identifier",
+                  "start":38,"end":41,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":17,"index":38},"end":{"line":2,"column":20,"index":41},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                  "name": "foo"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1818647e4761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/input.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+async function f() {
+  await using instanceof foo;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..39f78de56eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-expr-using-instanceof/output.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "type": "File",
+  "start":0,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+  "program": {
+    "type": "Program",
+    "start":0,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+    "sourceType": "script",
+    "interpreter": null,
+    "body": [
+      {
+        "type": "FunctionDeclaration",
+        "start":0,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":0,"index":0},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+        "id": {
+          "type": "Identifier",
+          "start":15,"end":16,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":15,"index":15},"end":{"line":1,"column":16,"index":16},"identifierName":"f"},
+          "name": "f"
+        },
+        "generator": false,
+        "async": true,
+        "params": [],
+        "body": {
+          "type": "BlockStatement",
+          "start":19,"end":52,"loc":{"start":{"line":1,"column":19,"index":19},"end":{"line":3,"column":1,"index":52}},
+          "body": [
+            {
+              "type": "ExpressionStatement",
+              "start":23,"end":50,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":29,"index":50}},
+              "expression": {
+                "type": "BinaryExpression",
+                "start":23,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":28,"index":49}},
+                "left": {
+                  "type": "AwaitExpression",
+                  "start":23,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":2,"index":23},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34}},
+                  "argument": {
+                    "type": "Identifier",
+                    "start":29,"end":34,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":8,"index":29},"end":{"line":2,"column":13,"index":34},"identifierName":"using"},
+                    "name": "using"
+                  }
+                },
+                "operator": "instanceof",
+                "right": {
+                  "type": "Identifier",
+                  "start":46,"end":49,"loc":{"start":{"line":2,"column":25,"index":46},"end":{"line":2,"column":28,"index":49},"identifierName":"foo"},
+                  "name": "foo"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          ],
+          "directives": []
+        }
+      }
+    ],
+    "directives": []
+  }
+}

From 867229a7cddf3397e1589779ff529f32bc98458b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 10:22:59 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] remove syntax-async-explicit-resource-management

---
 .../README.md                                 | 19 -------
 .../package.json                              | 50 -------------------
 .../src/index.ts                              | 13 -----
 packages/babel-standalone/package.json        |  1 -
 .../scripts/pluginConfig.json                 |  1 -
 .../babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts |  4 --
 .../babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts    |  1 -
 yarn.lock                                     | 12 -----
 8 files changed, 101 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md
 delete mode 100644 packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json
 delete mode 100644 packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts

diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index db45b0044848..000000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management
-
-> Allow parsing of the using declarations
-
-See our website [@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management](https://babeljs.io/docs/en/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management) for more information.
-
-## Install
-
-Using npm:
-
-```sh
-npm install --save-dev @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management
-```
-
-or using yarn:
-
-```sh
-yarn add @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management --dev
-```
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json
deleted file mode 100644
index b18917c00342..000000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/package.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management",
-  "version": "7.20.0",
-  "description": "Allow parsing of the await using declarations",
-  "repository": {
-    "type": "git",
-    "url": "https://github.com/babel/babel.git",
-    "directory": "packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management"
-  },
-  "license": "MIT",
-  "publishConfig": {
-    "access": "public"
-  },
-  "main": "./lib/index.js",
-  "keywords": [
-    "babel-plugin"
-  ],
-  "dependencies": {
-    "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "workspace:^"
-  },
-  "peerDependencies": {
-    "@babel/core": "^7.0.0-0"
-  },
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "@babel/core": "workspace:^"
-  },
-  "engines": {
-    "node": ">=6.9.0"
-  },
-  "author": "The Babel Team (https://babel.dev/team)",
-  "conditions": {
-    "BABEL_8_BREAKING": [
-      null,
-      {
-        "exports": null
-      }
-    ],
-    "USE_ESM": [
-      {
-        "type": "module"
-      },
-      null
-    ]
-  },
-  "exports": {
-    ".": "./lib/index.js",
-    "./package.json": "./package.json"
-  },
-  "type": "commonjs"
-}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts b/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index a3d8551311db..000000000000
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import { declare } from "@babel/helper-plugin-utils";
-
-export default declare(api => {
-  api.assertVersion(7);
-
-  return {
-    name: "syntax-async-explicit-resource-management",
-
-    manipulateOptions(opts, parserOpts) {
-      parserOpts.plugins.push("asyncExplicitResourceManagement");
-    },
-  };
-});
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/package.json b/packages/babel-standalone/package.json
index ed37491fe6cc..2e9ae54db80a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/package.json
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/package.json
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-throw-expressions": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-property-regex": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-sets-regex": "workspace:^",
-    "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators": "workspace:^",
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-destructuring-private": "workspace:^",
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json b/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json
index 16c6e90b783c..815d03edd31c 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/scripts/pluginConfig.json
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
   ],
   "externalPlugins": [
     "external-helpers",
-    "syntax-async-explicit-resource-management",
     "syntax-decimal",
     "syntax-decorators",
     "syntax-destructuring-private",
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts b/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts
index 7bda0a41d36d..285f8946c40c 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/src/generated/plugins.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
  */
 import makeNoopPlugin from "../make-noop-plugin";
 import externalHelpers from "@babel/plugin-external-helpers";
-import syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement from "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management";
 import syntaxDecimal from "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal";
 import syntaxDecorators from "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators";
 import syntaxDestructuringPrivate from "@babel/plugin-syntax-destructuring-private";
@@ -108,7 +107,6 @@ export const syntaxAsyncGenerators = makeNoopPlugin(),
   syntaxTopLevelAwait = makeNoopPlugin();
 export {
   externalHelpers,
-  syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement,
   syntaxDecimal,
   syntaxDecorators,
   syntaxDestructuringPrivate,
@@ -213,8 +211,6 @@ export const all: { [k: string]: any } = {
   "syntax-optional-catch-binding": syntaxOptionalCatchBinding,
   "syntax-top-level-await": syntaxTopLevelAwait,
   "external-helpers": externalHelpers,
-  "syntax-async-explicit-resource-management":
-    syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement,
   "syntax-decimal": syntaxDecimal,
   "syntax-decorators": syntaxDecorators,
   "syntax-destructuring-private": syntaxDestructuringPrivate,
diff --git a/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts b/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts
index 67402651631d..d1bd3788d1a2 100644
--- a/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-standalone/src/preset-stage-2.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ export default (_: any, opts: any = {}) => {
   return {
     presets: [[presetStage3, opts]],
     plugins: [
-      babelPlugins.syntaxAsyncExplicitResourceManagement,
       babelPlugins.proposalDestructuringPrivate,
       [
         babelPlugins.proposalPipelineOperator,
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 86bc3f33f8e1..8246ec05989b 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1832,17 +1832,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
-"@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:^, @babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management":
-  version: 0.0.0-use.local
-  resolution: "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management@workspace:packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/core": "workspace:^"
-    "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "workspace:^"
-  peerDependencies:
-    "@babel/core": ^7.0.0-0
-  languageName: unknown
-  linkType: soft
-
 "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-generators@npm:^7.8.4":
   version: 7.8.4
   resolution: "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-generators@npm:7.8.4"
@@ -3708,7 +3697,6 @@ __metadata:
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-throw-expressions": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-property-regex": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-proposal-unicode-sets-regex": "workspace:^"
-    "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-decorators": "workspace:^"
     "@babel/plugin-syntax-destructuring-private": "workspace:^"

From dc2db162f1945f04ab8559a90fc8a56839beaad2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 10:30:37 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] merge asyncExplicitResourceManagement with
 explicitResourceManagement

---
 .../test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json         | 2 +-
 packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json                          | 1 -
 packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts                   | 2 +-
 packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts                          | 1 -
 .../input.js                                                    | 0
 .../options.json                                                | 2 +-
 .../async-explicit-resource-management/options.json             | 2 +-
 .../valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json           | 2 +-
 .../valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json                  | 2 +-
 .../valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json               | 2 +-
 .../valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json     | 2 +-
 11 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 rename packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/{async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration => explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async}/input.js (100%)
 rename packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/{async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration => explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async}/options.json (55%)

diff --git a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json
index 48bceee79c05..495a16f9a39a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-generator/test/fixtures/await-using-declarations/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement"]
+  "plugins": ["explicitResourceManagement"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json b/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json
index 659af3272f02..8573cc3ee88a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/data/schema.json
@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@
           {
             "enum": [
               "asyncDoExpressions",
-              "asyncExplicitResourceManagement",
               "asyncGenerators",
               "bigInt",
               "classPrivateMethods",
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
index 6c6fdb941ca6..ed3e37800791 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/parser/statement.ts
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ export default abstract class StatementParser extends ExpressionParser {
       next = this.nextTokenInLineStartSince(next + 5);
       const nextCh = this.codePointAtPos(next);
       if (this.chStartsBindingIdentifier(nextCh, next)) {
-        this.expectPlugin("asyncExplicitResourceManagement");
+        this.expectPlugin("explicitResourceManagement");
         return true;
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts b/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts
index bfde3490be83..3ed4a5c70b59 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/src/typings.d.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 export type Plugin =
   | "asyncDoExpressions"
-  | "asyncExplicitResourceManagement"
   | "asyncGenerators"
   | "bigInt"
   | "classPrivateMethods"
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/input.js b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async/input.js
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/input.js
rename to packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async/input.js
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async/options.json
similarity index 55%
rename from packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json
rename to packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async/options.json
index 63a3dde712b5..7f3de7534e6c 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/async-explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/_no-plugin/explicit-resource-management-variable-declaration-async/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "throws": "This experimental syntax requires enabling the parser plugin: \"asyncExplicitResourceManagement\". (2:2)"
+  "throws": "This experimental syntax requires enabling the parser plugin: \"explicitResourceManagement\". (2:2)"
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json
index 48bceee79c05..495a16f9a39a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement"]
+  "plugins": ["explicitResourceManagement"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json
index ff1d688a13e9..495a16f9a39a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-asi-assignment/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "explicitResourceManagement"]
+  "plugins": ["explicitResourceManagement"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json
index ff1d688a13e9..495a16f9a39a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-asi-using-binding/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "explicitResourceManagement"]
+  "plugins": ["explicitResourceManagement"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json
index ff1d688a13e9..495a16f9a39a 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-await-using-asi-assignment/options.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "explicitResourceManagement"]
+  "plugins": ["explicitResourceManagement"]
 }
diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json
index 70e7070ed475..aefaa1b232dd 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/test/fixtures/experimental/async-explicit-resource-management/valid-module-block-top-level-using-binding/options.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
   "sourceType": "script",
-  "plugins": ["asyncExplicitResourceManagement", "moduleBlocks"]
+  "plugins": ["explicitResourceManagement", "moduleBlocks"]
 }

From 885d997c3d22580a5c35086c5ca146dd6d61b987 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Hu=C3=A1ng=20J=C3=B9nli=C3=A0ng?= <jlhwung@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 30 Apr 2023 11:22:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] update typings

---
 packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts | 1 -
 tsconfig.json                                   | 4 ----
 2 files changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts b/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts
index ee7c05c75311..d80fff653c30 100644
--- a/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-parser/typings/babel-parser.d.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import * as _babel_types from '@babel/types';
 
 type Plugin =
   | "asyncDoExpressions"
-  | "asyncExplicitResourceManagement"
   | "asyncGenerators"
   | "bigInt"
   | "classPrivateMethods"
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
index 64106417631e..a362623d5daf 100644
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@
     "./packages/babel-plugin-proposal-unicode-property-regex/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-proposal-unicode-sets-regex/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-do-expressions/src/**/*.ts",
-    "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-decimal/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-decorators/src/**/*.ts",
     "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-destructuring-private/src/**/*.ts",
@@ -380,9 +379,6 @@
       "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-do-expressions": [
         "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-do-expressions/src"
       ],
-      "@babel/plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management": [
-        "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-async-explicit-resource-management/src"
-      ],
       "@babel/plugin-syntax-decimal": [
         "./packages/babel-plugin-syntax-decimal/src"
       ],