diff --git a/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers-generated.ts b/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers-generated.ts
index a00184c18a93..9e9ae6c7eb92 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers-generated.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers-generated.ts
@@ -188,10 +188,10 @@ export default Object.freeze({
     "7.22.0",
     'export default function _using(o,n,e){if(null==n)return n;if(Object(n)!==n)throw new TypeError("using declarations can only be used with objects, functions, null, or undefined.");if(e)var r=n[Symbol.asyncDispose||Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")];if(null==r&&(r=n[Symbol.dispose||Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose")]),"function"!=typeof r)throw new TypeError("Property [Symbol.dispose] is not a function.");return o.push({v:n,d:r,a:e}),n}',
   ),
-  // size: 922, gzip size: 481
+  // size: 922, gzip size: 496
   usingCtx: helper(
     "7.23.9",
-    'export default function _usingCtx(){var r="function"==typeof SuppressedError?SuppressedError:function(r,n){var e=Error();return e.name="SuppressedError",e.error=r,e.suppressed=n,e},n={},e=[];function using(r,n){if(null!=n){if(Object(n)!==n)throw new TypeError("using declarations can only be used with objects, functions, null, or undefined.");if(r)var o=n[Symbol.asyncDispose||Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")];if(null==o&&(o=n[Symbol.dispose||Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose")]),"function"!=typeof o)throw new TypeError("Property [Symbol.dispose] is not a function.");e.push({v:n,d:o,a:r})}else r&&e.push({d:n,a:r});return n}return{e:n,u:using.bind(null,!1),a:using.bind(null,!0),d:function(){var o=this.e;function next(){for(;r=e.pop();)try{var r,t=r.d&&r.d.call(r.v);if(r.a)return Promise.resolve(t).then(next,err)}catch(r){return err(r)}if(o!==n)throw o}function err(e){return o=o!==n?new r(e,o):e,next()}return next()}}}',
+    'export default function _usingCtx(){var r="function"==typeof SuppressedError?SuppressedError:function(r,e){var n=Error();return n.name="SuppressedError",n.error=r,n.suppressed=e,n},e={},n=[];function using(r,e){if(null!=e){if(Object(e)!==e)throw new TypeError("using declarations can only be used with objects, functions, null, or undefined.");if(r)var o=e[Symbol.asyncDispose||Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")],t=3;if(void 0===o&&(o=e[Symbol.dispose||Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose")],t&=2),"function"!=typeof o)throw new TypeError("Object is not disposable.");n.push({v:e,d:o,k:t})}else r&&n.push({d:e,k:2});return e}return{e:e,u:using.bind(null,!1),a:using.bind(null,!0),d:function(){var o=this.e;function next(){for(;r=n.pop();)try{var r,t=r.d&&r.d.call(r.v);if(r.k)return Promise.resolve(1&r.k&&t).then(next,err)}catch(r){return err(r)}if(o!==e)throw o}function err(n){return o=o!==e?new r(n,o):n,next()}return next()}}}',
   ),
   // size: 1252, gzip size: 572
   wrapRegExp: helper(
diff --git a/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers/usingCtx.ts b/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers/usingCtx.ts
index 9ca800ae9787..068851943f85 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers/usingCtx.ts
+++ b/packages/babel-helpers/src/helpers/usingCtx.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,24 @@
 /* @minVersion 7.23.9 */
 
+const enum DisposeFlag {
+  // set when the dispose function is a [Symbol.asyncDispose] method
+  ASYNC_DISPOSE = 1,
+  // alias of AWAIT_USING: set when the resource is an `await using` disposable
+  ASYNC_DISPOSE_MASK = 2,
+}
+
+const enum DisposeKind {
+  USING_DISPOSE = 0,
+  // AWAIT_FLAG
+  AWAIT_USING_DISPOSE = 2,
+  // Flag.AWAIT_USING | Flag.ASYNC_DISPOSE
+  AWAIT_USING_ASYNC_DISPOSE = 3,
+}
+
 type Stack = {
   v?: any;
   d: null | undefined | (() => any);
-  a: boolean;
+  k: DisposeKind;
 };
 
 export default function _usingCtx() {
@@ -30,18 +45,20 @@ export default function _usingCtx() {
       // core-js-pure uses Symbol.for for polyfilling well-known symbols
       if (isAwait) {
         var dispose =
-          value[Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")];
+            value[Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")],
+          kind = DisposeKind.AWAIT_USING_ASYNC_DISPOSE;
       }
-      if (dispose == null) {
+      if (dispose === undefined) {
         dispose = value[Symbol.dispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose")];
+        kind &= DisposeFlag.ASYNC_DISPOSE_MASK;
       }
       if (typeof dispose !== "function") {
-        throw new TypeError(`Property [Symbol.dispose] is not a function.`);
+        throw new TypeError("Object is not disposable.");
       }
-      stack.push({ v: value, d: dispose, a: isAwait });
+      stack.push({ v: value, d: dispose, k: kind });
     } else if (isAwait) {
       // provide the nullish `value` as `d` for minification gain
-      stack.push({ d: value, a: isAwait });
+      stack.push({ d: value, k: DisposeKind.AWAIT_USING_DISPOSE });
     }
     return value;
   }
@@ -62,8 +79,11 @@ export default function _usingCtx() {
           try {
             var resource,
               disposalResult = resource.d && resource.d.call(resource.v);
-            if (resource.a) {
-              return Promise.resolve(disposalResult).then(next, err);
+            if (resource.k) {
+              return Promise.resolve(
+                // do not await the promise returned from the sync @@dispose
+                resource.k & DisposeFlag.ASYNC_DISPOSE && disposalResult,
+              ).then(next, err);
             }
           } catch (e) {
             return err(e);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/invalid-not-a-function.js b/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/invalid-not-a-function.js
index 0877dd37be3f..bff4ca8c2968 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/invalid-not-a-function.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/invalid-not-a-function.js
@@ -1,3 +1,24 @@
-return expect(async function () {
-  await using foo = { [Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")]: 3 };
-}()).rejects.toThrow(TypeError);
+expect(
+  (async function () {
+    await using foo = {
+      [Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")]: 3,
+    };
+  })()
+).rejects.toThrow(TypeError);
+
+expect(
+  (async function () {
+    await using foo = {
+      [Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")]: 3,
+    };
+  })()
+).rejects.toThrow("Object is not disposable.");
+
+expect(
+  (async function () {
+    await using foo = {
+      [Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")]: null,
+      [Symbol.dispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose")]() {},
+    };
+  })()
+).rejects.toThrow("Object is not disposable.");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/sync-fallback-promise.js b/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/sync-fallback-promise.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fac7a9dcaf6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-proposal-explicit-resource-management/test/fixtures/exec-async/sync-fallback-promise.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+return (async () => {
+  const log = [];
+
+  const promiseDispose = new Promise((resolve, _) => {
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      log.push("y dispose promise body");
+      resolve();
+    }, 0);
+  });
+
+  {
+    await using x = {
+      [Symbol.asyncDispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.asyncDispose")]() {
+        log.push("x asyncDispose body");
+      },
+    };
+    await using y = {
+      [Symbol.dispose || Symbol.for("Symbol.dispose")]() {
+        log.push("y dispose body");
+        return promiseDispose;
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  log.push("body");
+
+  await promiseDispose;
+
+  expect(log).toEqual([
+    "y dispose body",
+    "x asyncDispose body",
+    "body",
+    "y dispose promise body",
+  ]);
+})();
diff --git a/packages/babel-runtime-corejs3/helpers/esm/usingCtx.js b/packages/babel-runtime-corejs3/helpers/esm/usingCtx.js
index 331cfe7cd7e9..af1a0b3163df 100644
--- a/packages/babel-runtime-corejs3/helpers/esm/usingCtx.js
+++ b/packages/babel-runtime-corejs3/helpers/esm/usingCtx.js
@@ -6,46 +6,47 @@ import _pushInstanceProperty from "core-js-pure/features/instance/push.js";
 import _bindInstanceProperty from "core-js-pure/features/instance/bind.js";
 import _Promise from "core-js-pure/features/promise/index.js";
 export default function _usingCtx() {
-  var r = "function" == typeof _SuppressedError ? _SuppressedError : function (r, n) {
-      var e = Error();
-      return e.name = "SuppressedError", e.error = r, e.suppressed = n, e;
+  var r = "function" == typeof _SuppressedError ? _SuppressedError : function (r, e) {
+      var n = Error();
+      return n.name = "SuppressedError", n.error = r, n.suppressed = e, n;
     },
-    n = {},
-    e = [];
-  function using(r, n) {
-    if (null != n) {
-      if (Object(n) !== n) throw new TypeError("using declarations can only be used with objects, functions, null, or undefined.");
-      if (r) var o = n[_Symbol$asyncDispose || _Symbol$for("Symbol.asyncDispose")];
-      if (null == o && (o = n[_Symbol$dispose || _Symbol$for("Symbol.dispose")]), "function" != typeof o) throw new TypeError("Property [Symbol.dispose] is not a function.");
-      _pushInstanceProperty(e).call(e, {
-        v: n,
+    e = {},
+    n = [];
+  function using(r, e) {
+    if (null != e) {
+      if (Object(e) !== e) throw new TypeError("using declarations can only be used with objects, functions, null, or undefined.");
+      if (r) var o = e[_Symbol$asyncDispose || _Symbol$for("Symbol.asyncDispose")],
+        t = 3;
+      if (void 0 === o && (o = e[_Symbol$dispose || _Symbol$for("Symbol.dispose")], t &= 2), "function" != typeof o) throw new TypeError("Object is not disposable.");
+      _pushInstanceProperty(n).call(n, {
+        v: e,
         d: o,
-        a: r
+        k: t
       });
-    } else r && _pushInstanceProperty(e).call(e, {
-      d: n,
-      a: r
+    } else r && _pushInstanceProperty(n).call(n, {
+      d: e,
+      k: 2
     });
-    return n;
+    return e;
   }
   return {
-    e: n,
+    e: e,
     u: _bindInstanceProperty(using).call(using, null, !1),
     a: _bindInstanceProperty(using).call(using, null, !0),
     d: function d() {
       var o = this.e;
       function next() {
-        for (; r = e.pop();) try {
+        for (; r = n.pop();) try {
           var r,
             t = r.d && r.d.call(r.v);
-          if (r.a) return _Promise.resolve(t).then(next, err);
+          if (r.k) return _Promise.resolve(1 & r.k && t).then(next, err);
         } catch (r) {
           return err(r);
         }
-        if (o !== n) throw o;
+        if (o !== e) throw o;
       }
-      function err(e) {
-        return o = o !== n ? new r(e, o) : e, next();
+      function err(n) {
+        return o = o !== e ? new r(n, o) : n, next();
       }
       return next();
     }