Generic type constraints allow you to specify constraints on a type that can vary depending on the specific type being instantiated.
Syntax:
type Name[T any] string
Parameters:
T
: The type variable. It can be any type, including primitive types, structures, and functions.
Examples:
- Integer constraint:**
type Age[T int] int
This constraint ensures that T
is an integer type.
- String constraint:**
type Name[T string]
This constraint ensures that T
is a string type.
- Struct constraint:**
type User[T struct] {
Name string
Age int
}
This constraint ensures that T
is a struct type with at least two fields named Name
and Age
.
- Function constraint:**
type Calculator[T any] func(T, T) T
This constraint ensures that T
is a type that implements the Calculator
interface.
Benefits of using generic type constraints:
- Code reusability:** You can apply the same constraint to multiple types, reducing code duplication.
- Type safety:** Constraints ensure that only valid types are used, preventing runtime errors.
- Improved maintainability:** By separating the constraint from the type, it becomes easier to understand and modify.
Note:
- Generic type constraints are not applicable to primitive types (e.g.,
int
,string
). - Constraints can be applied to function types only if the function is generic.
- Constraints can be used with type parameters, allowing you to specify different constraints for different types.