feat: allow channels from uncached guilds to be returned from fetch

[ckohen]

Please describe the changes this PR makes and why it should be merged:

This PR allows fetching channels from guilds that do not exist in the client cache (applicable mostly when sharding, but also possible to have guilds uncached via intents limiting or the new collection based limiting)

A big red flag warning here: channels obviously rely on guild internally a lot, however I did not want to change types when the majority of times the values will be present. I would expect people using this option to know exactly what they are doing and which properties can be accessed.

This also fixes up fetching single channels from the guild channel manager, making it cleaner and throwing when trying to fetch a channel from a different guild (this is the only breaking change)

closes: #4929

Status and versioning classification:

• Code changes have been tested against the Discord API, or there are no code changes
• I know how to update typings and have done so, or typings don't need updating
• This PR changes the library's interface (methods or parameters added)
• This PR includes breaking changes (methods removed or renamed, parameters moved or removed)

[kyranet]

Just one thing, LGTM otherwise

[iCrawl]

ID -> Id changes required.

[iCrawl]

Additionally this needs a rebase.

[vladfrangu]

Other than requested changes, LGTM

[iCrawl]

This needs a rebase.

[SpaceEEC]

I would expect people using this option to know exactly what they are doing and which properties can be accessed.

We'll see about that 😄

[iCrawl]

This needs a rebase.