diff --git a/docs/src/rules/quotes.md b/docs/src/rules/quotes.md
index 38d21b428f9..1b876ebdd3e 100644
--- a/docs/src/rules/quotes.md
+++ b/docs/src/rules/quotes.md
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ var single = 'single';
 var backtick = `backtick`;    // ES6 only
 ```
 
-Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded of expressions to be interpreted).
+Each of these lines creates a string and, in some cases, can be used interchangeably. The choice of how to define strings in a codebase is a stylistic one outside of template literals (which allow embedded expressions to be interpreted).
 
 Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.
 
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ Many codebases require strings to be defined in a consistent manner.
 
 This rule enforces the consistent use of either backticks, double, or single quotes.
 
+This rule is aware of directive prologues such as `"use strict"` and will not flag or autofix them if doing so will change how the directive prologue is interpreted.
+
 ## Options
 
 This rule has two options, a string option and an object option.
@@ -125,7 +127,9 @@ Examples of **correct** code for this rule with the `"backtick"` option:
 /*eslint quotes: ["error", "backtick"]*/
 /*eslint-env es6*/
 
+"use strict"; // directives must use single or double quotes
 var backtick = `backtick`;
+var obj = { 'prop-name': `value` }; // backticks not allowed for property names
 ```
 
 :::
diff --git a/lib/rules/quotes.js b/lib/rules/quotes.js
index 9efb9809aa3..6eda7c0b40a 100644
--- a/lib/rules/quotes.js
+++ b/lib/rules/quotes.js
@@ -157,7 +157,8 @@ module.exports = {
 
         /**
          * Checks whether or not a given node is a directive.
-         * The directive is a `ExpressionStatement` which has only a string literal.
+         * The directive is a `ExpressionStatement` which has only a string literal not surrounded by
+         * parentheses.
          * @param {ASTNode} node A node to check.
          * @returns {boolean} Whether or not the node is a directive.
          * @private
@@ -166,23 +167,23 @@ module.exports = {
             return (
                 node.type === "ExpressionStatement" &&
                 node.expression.type === "Literal" &&
-                typeof node.expression.value === "string"
+                typeof node.expression.value === "string" &&
+                !astUtils.isParenthesised(sourceCode, node.expression)
             );
         }
 
         /**
-         * Checks whether or not a given node is a part of directive prologues.
-         * See also: http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-directive-prologues-and-the-use-strict-directive
+         * Checks whether a specified node is either part of, or immediately follows a (possibly empty) directive prologue.
+         * @see {@link http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-directive-prologues-and-the-use-strict-directive}
          * @param {ASTNode} node A node to check.
-         * @returns {boolean} Whether or not the node is a part of directive prologues.
+         * @returns {boolean} Whether a specified node is either part of, or immediately follows a (possibly empty) directive prologue.
          * @private
          */
-        function isPartOfDirectivePrologue(node) {
-            const block = node.parent.parent;
-
-            if (block.type !== "Program" && (block.type !== "BlockStatement" || !astUtils.isFunction(block.parent))) {
+        function isExpressionInOrJustAfterDirectivePrologue(node) {
+            if (!astUtils.isTopLevelExpressionStatement(node.parent)) {
                 return false;
             }
+            const block = node.parent.parent;
 
             // Check the node is at a prologue.
             for (let i = 0; i < block.body.length; ++i) {
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ module.exports = {
 
                 // Directive Prologues.
                 case "ExpressionStatement":
-                    return isPartOfDirectivePrologue(node);
+                    return !astUtils.isParenthesised(sourceCode, node) && isExpressionInOrJustAfterDirectivePrologue(node);
 
                 // LiteralPropertyName.
                 case "Property":
@@ -328,12 +329,11 @@ module.exports = {
                         description: settings.description
                     },
                     fix(fixer) {
-                        if (isPartOfDirectivePrologue(node)) {
+                        if (astUtils.isTopLevelExpressionStatement(node.parent) && !astUtils.isParenthesised(sourceCode, node)) {
 
                             /*
-                             * TemplateLiterals in a directive prologue aren't actually directives, but if they're
-                             * in the directive prologue, then fixing them might turn them into directives and change
-                             * the behavior of the code.
+                             * TemplateLiterals aren't actually directives, but fixing them might turn
+                             * them into directives and change the behavior of the code.
                              */
                             return null;
                         }
diff --git a/tests/lib/rules/quotes.js b/tests/lib/rules/quotes.js
index d1c42b73e84..11ae90248b7 100644
--- a/tests/lib/rules/quotes.js
+++ b/tests/lib/rules/quotes.js
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ ruleTester.run("quotes", rule, {
         },
         {
             code: "() => { foo(); `use strict`; }",
-            output: "() => { foo(); \"use strict\"; }",
+            output: null, // no autofix
             parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
             errors: [{
                 messageId: "wrongQuotes",
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ ruleTester.run("quotes", rule, {
         },
         {
             code: "foo(); `use strict`;",
-            output: "foo(); \"use strict\";",
+            output: null, // no autofix
             parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
             errors: [{
                 messageId: "wrongQuotes",
@@ -725,6 +725,62 @@ ruleTester.run("quotes", rule, {
                     type: "Literal"
                 }
             ]
+        },
+
+        // https://github.com/eslint/eslint/pull/17022
+        {
+            code: "() => { foo(); (`use strict`); }",
+            output: "() => { foo(); (\"use strict\"); }",
+            parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
+            errors: [{
+                messageId: "wrongQuotes",
+                data: { description: "doublequote" },
+                type: "TemplateLiteral"
+            }]
+        },
+        {
+            code: "('foo'); \"bar\";",
+            output: "(`foo`); `bar`;",
+            options: ["backtick"],
+            parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
+            errors: [{
+                messageId: "wrongQuotes",
+                data: { description: "backtick" },
+                type: "Literal"
+            }, {
+                messageId: "wrongQuotes",
+                data: { description: "backtick" },
+                type: "Literal"
+            }]
+        },
+        {
+            code: "; 'use asm';",
+            output: "; \"use asm\";",
+            errors: [{
+                messageId: "wrongQuotes",
+                data: { description: "doublequote" },
+                type: "Literal"
+            }]
+        },
+        {
+            code: "{ `foobar`; }",
+            output: "{ \"foobar\"; }",
+            parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
+            errors: [{
+                messageId: "wrongQuotes",
+                data: { description: "doublequote" },
+                type: "TemplateLiteral"
+            }]
+        },
+        {
+            code: "foo(() => `bar`);",
+            output: "foo(() => \"bar\");",
+            parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
+            errors: [{
+                messageId: "wrongQuotes",
+                data: { description: "doublequote" },
+                type: "TemplateLiteral"
+            }]
         }
     ]
 });