diff --git a/lib/config/default-config.js b/lib/config/default-config.js
index 8529d455af8..a655a6d83ca 100644
--- a/lib/config/default-config.js
+++ b/lib/config/default-config.js
@@ -46,9 +46,16 @@ exports.defaultConfig = [
             ".git/**"
         ],
         languageOptions: {
-            sourceType: "script",
+            ecmaVersion: "latest",
+            sourceType: "module",
             parser: "@/espree",
             parserOptions: {}
         }
+    },
+    {
+        files: ["**/*.cjs"],
+        languageOptions: {
+            sourceType: "commonjs"
+        }
     }
 ];
diff --git a/tests/lib/linter/linter.js b/tests/lib/linter/linter.js
index f7d2f0cf26a..25a80672935 100644
--- a/tests/lib/linter/linter.js
+++ b/tests/lib/linter/linter.js
@@ -6305,7 +6305,8 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
             it("should error when accessing a global that isn't available in ecmaVersion 5", () => {
                 const messages = linter.verify("new Map()", {
                     languageOptions: {
-                        ecmaVersion: 5
+                        ecmaVersion: 5,
+                        sourceType: "script"
                     },
                     rules: {
                         "no-undef": "error"
@@ -6319,7 +6320,8 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
             it("should error when accessing a global that isn't available in ecmaVersion 3", () => {
                 const messages = linter.verify("JSON.stringify({})", {
                     languageOptions: {
-                        ecmaVersion: 3
+                        ecmaVersion: 3,
+                        sourceType: "script"
                     },
                     rules: {
                         "no-undef": "error"
@@ -6377,6 +6379,27 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
                 linter.verify("foo", config, filename);
             });
 
+            it("ecmaVersion should be normalized to to latest year by default", () => {
+                const config = {
+                    plugins: {
+                        test: {
+                            rules: {
+                                checker(context) {
+                                    return {
+                                        Program() {
+                                            assert.strictEqual(context.languageOptions.ecmaVersion, espree.latestEcmaVersion + 2009);
+                                        }
+                                    };
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    rules: { "test/checker": "error" }
+                };
+
+                linter.verify("foo", config, filename);
+            });
+
             it("ecmaVersion should not be normalized to year name for ES 5", () => {
                 const config = {
                     plugins: {
@@ -6430,6 +6453,49 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
 
         describe("sourceType", () => {
 
+            it("should be module by default", () => {
+                const config = {
+                    plugins: {
+                        test: {
+                            rules: {
+                                checker(context) {
+                                    return {
+                                        Program() {
+                                            assert.strictEqual(context.languageOptions.sourceType, "module");
+                                        }
+                                    };
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    rules: { "test/checker": "error" }
+                };
+
+                linter.verify("import foo from 'bar'", config, filename);
+            });
+
+            it("should default to commonjs when passed a .cjs filename", () => {
+                const config = {
+                    plugins: {
+                        test: {
+                            rules: {
+                                checker(context) {
+                                    return {
+                                        Program() {
+                                            assert.strictEqual(context.languageOptions.sourceType, "commonjs");
+                                        }
+                                    };
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    rules: { "test/checker": "error" }
+                };
+
+                linter.verify("import foo from 'bar'", config, `${filename}.cjs`);
+            });
+
+
             it("should error when import is used in a script", () => {
                 const messages = linter.verify("import foo from 'bar';", {
                     languageOptions: {
@@ -7460,6 +7526,7 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
             });
 
             describe("context.markVariableAsUsed()", () => {
+
                 it("should mark variables in current scope as used", () => {
                     const code = "var a = 1, b = 2;";
                     let spy;
@@ -7483,6 +7550,9 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
                                 }
                             }
                         },
+                        languageOptions: {
+                            sourceType: "script"
+                        },
                         rules: { "test/checker": "error" }
                     };
 
@@ -7544,6 +7614,9 @@ describe("Linter with FlatConfigArray", () => {
                                 }
                             }
                         },
+                        languageOptions: {
+                            sourceType: "script"
+                        },
                         rules: { "test/checker": "error" }
                     };