feat: ESM data uri import and mock

[tbossi]

Summary

This change should close #12370
Allows dynamic import (and mock) from data: URI as it works on node.js:

const code = 'export const foo = 123'
const imported = await import(`data:text/javascript;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(code)}`)
// OR
const imported = await import(`data:text/javascript;base64,${btoa(code)}`)
// imported.foo === 123

Test plan

Added e2e tests in native-esm.test.js to check:

• import when code is URI component encoded;
• import when code is Base64 encoded;
• further imports of the same data URI are cached;
• data URI can be mocked with jest.unstable_mockModule().

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[SimenB]

this is awesome work, thank you so much!

Can you add some tests for static imports (not just dynamic), plus cases where it fails due to malformed scheme or data?

We also need a changelog entry 🙂

[SimenB]

yay, this is cool 👍

[SimenB]

I think this should use SyntheticModule rather than SourceTextModule

[SimenB]

can we lift this regex to the module level as a constant?

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[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #12392 (67f7e63) into main (4590b9d) will decrease coverage by 0.14%.
The diff coverage is 2.63%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #12392      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   68.48%   68.33%   -0.15%     
==========================================
  Files         325      325              
  Lines       16971    17009      +38     
  Branches     5061     5072      +11     
==========================================
+ Hits        11622    11623       +1     
- Misses       5317     5354      +37     
  Partials       32       32              

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/jest-resolve/src/resolver.ts	55.55% <0.00%> (-0.52%)	⬇️
packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts	53.31% <2.77%> (-2.10%)	⬇️

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[SimenB]

this is great, thanks!

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