diff --git a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/integTest/groovy/org/gradle/integtests/resolve/api/ExtendingConfigurationsIntegrationTest.groovy b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/integTest/groovy/org/gradle/integtests/resolve/api/ExtendingConfigurationsIntegrationTest.groovy
index 9734cae1345b..9db89f8983e9 100644
--- a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/integTest/groovy/org/gradle/integtests/resolve/api/ExtendingConfigurationsIntegrationTest.groovy
+++ b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/integTest/groovy/org/gradle/integtests/resolve/api/ExtendingConfigurationsIntegrationTest.groovy
@@ -104,4 +104,35 @@ task checkResolveParentThenChild {
         succeeds "checkResolveChild"
         succeeds "checkResolveParentThenChild"
     }
+
+    @Issue("https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/24109")
+    def "can resolve configuration after extending a resolved configuration"() {
+        given:
+        mavenRepo.module("org", "foo").publish()
+
+        buildFile << """
+            repositories {
+                maven { url "${mavenRepo.uri}" }
+            }
+            configurations {
+                superConfiguration
+                subConfiguration
+            }
+            dependencies {
+                superConfiguration 'org:foo:1.0'
+            }
+
+            task resolve {
+                println configurations.superConfiguration.files.collect { it.name }
+                configurations.subConfiguration.extendsFrom(configurations.superConfiguration)
+                println configurations.subConfiguration.files.collect { it.name }
+            }
+        """
+
+        when:
+        succeeds("resolve")
+
+        then:
+        output.contains("[foo-1.0.jar]\n[foo-1.0.jar]")
+    }
 }
diff --git a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/DefaultConfiguration.java b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/DefaultConfiguration.java
index bf4a24224d56..c69b63ce6614 100644
--- a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/DefaultConfiguration.java
+++ b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/DefaultConfiguration.java
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ public Set<Configuration> getExtendsFrom() {
 
     @Override
     public Configuration setExtendsFrom(Iterable<Configuration> extendsFrom) {
-        validateMutation(MutationType.DEPENDENCIES);
+        validateMutation(MutationType.HIERARCHY);
         for (Configuration configuration : this.extendsFrom) {
             if (inheritedArtifacts != null) {
                 inheritedArtifacts.removeCollection(configuration.getAllArtifacts());
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ public Configuration setExtendsFrom(Iterable<Configuration> extendsFrom) {
 
     @Override
     public Configuration extendsFrom(Configuration... extendsFrom) {
-        validateMutation(MutationType.DEPENDENCIES);
+        validateMutation(MutationType.HIERARCHY);
         for (Configuration configuration : extendsFrom) {
             if (configuration.getHierarchy().contains(this)) {
                 throw new InvalidUserDataException(String.format(
diff --git a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/MutationValidator.java b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/MutationValidator.java
index f4f466b0f742..948c5782207d 100644
--- a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/MutationValidator.java
+++ b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/configurations/MutationValidator.java
@@ -46,7 +46,12 @@ enum MutationType {
         /**
          * The mutation of the role of the configuration (can be queries, resolved, ...)
          */
-        ROLE("role");
+        ROLE("role"),
+
+        /**
+         * The mutation of the hierarchy of the configuration, i.e. which configurations this configuration extends from.
+         */
+        HIERARCHY("hierarchy");
 
         private final String displayName;
 
diff --git a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilder.java b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilder.java
index 0bf55564f8c9..8caa6806c5cf 100644
--- a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilder.java
+++ b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/main/java/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilder.java
@@ -156,6 +156,11 @@ public void validateMutation(MutationType type) {
                         cachedValue.reevaluate();
                     }
                 }
+            } else if (type == MutationType.HIERARCHY) {
+                // The hierarchy is provided to the configuration metadata on construction. Since it is not
+                // computed lazily, there is no lazy value to invalidate. Thus, we need to recompute the
+                // entire component in order to reconstruct new configuration metadatas with new hierarchy values.
+                cachedValue = null;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/test/groovy/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilderTest.groovy b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/test/groovy/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilderTest.groovy
index a1622fbb8888..b27b34a37278 100644
--- a/subprojects/dependency-management/src/test/groovy/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilderTest.groovy
+++ b/subprojects/dependency-management/src/test/groovy/org/gradle/api/internal/artifacts/ivyservice/moduleconverter/DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilderTest.groovy
@@ -137,6 +137,28 @@ class DefaultRootComponentMetadataBuilderTest extends Specification {
         ]
     }
 
+    def "discards component metadata when hierarchy changes"() {
+        componentIdentifierFactory.createComponentIdentifier(_) >> {
+            new DefaultModuleComponentIdentifier(mid, '1.0')
+        }
+        def root = builder.toRootComponentMetaData()
+
+        def conf = root.getConfiguration("conf")
+        assert conf.needsReevaluate()
+        conf.realizeDependencies()
+        assert !conf.needsReevaluate()
+
+        when:
+        builder.validator.validateMutation(MutationValidator.MutationType.HIERARCHY)
+        def otherRoot = builder.toRootComponentMetaData()
+        def otherConf = otherRoot.getConfiguration("conf")
+
+        then:
+        root != otherRoot
+        conf != otherConf
+        otherConf.needsReevaluate()
+    }
+
     def "does not reevaluate component metadata when #mutationType change"() {
         componentIdentifierFactory.createComponentIdentifier(_) >> {
             new DefaultModuleComponentIdentifier(mid, '1.0')