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<h1 id="invoking-pants">Invoking Pants</h1>
<p>This page discusses advanced usage when invoking Pants on the command line.
We assume you already know the <a href="first_tutorial.html">basic command-line structure</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>For details on how to specify target addresses, see <a href="target_addresses.html">Target Addresses</a>.</li>
<li>For details on how to specify options, see <a href="options.html">Options</a>.</li>
<li>For a list of Pants' goals and their options, see the <a href="options_reference.html">Options Reference</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="order-of-arguments">Order of Arguments</h2>
<p>A simple Pants command line looks like <code>./pants goal target</code>. E.g., <code>./pants compile src/java/::</code>.</p>
<p>The full command line specification is:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants <global and fully-qualified flags> <span class="se">\</span>
<goal1.task1> <shorthand flags <span class="k">for </span>task1> <span class="se">\</span>
<goal2.task2> <shorthand flags <span class="k">for </span>task2> <span class="se">\</span>
... <span class="se">\</span>
<target1> <target2> ... <span class="o">[</span>-- passthrough options <span class="k">for </span>last goal<span class="o">]</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Fully qualified flags can be passed anywhere on the command line
before the <code>--</code> separator for passthrough args, but
shorthand flags must immediately follow the goal they apply to.</p>
<p>Consider the following command:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants --level<span class="o">=</span>debug compile.zinc --no-delete-scratch --resolve-ivy-open src::
</pre></div>
<ul>
<li><code>--level</code> is a global flag.</li>
<li>The goal and task to run are <code>compile.zinc</code>.</li>
<li>The <code>--no-delete-scratch</code> is shorthand for the
<code>--compile-zinc-no-delete-scratch</code> flag.</li>
<li>The <code>--resolve-ivy-open</code> command is a fully qualified flag and
applies to the <code>resolve.ivy</code> task. Although the task <code>resolve.ivy</code>
isn't specified on the command line it implicitly runs because
<code>compile.zinc</code> task depends on it.</li>
</ul>
<p>You can pass options to pants using the a config file, the
environment, or command line flags. See the
<a href="options.html">Options</a> page for more details.</p>
<h2 id="how-to-use-shorthand-flags">How to Use Shorthand Flags</h2>
<p>Either fully qualified or shorthand flags can be used to pass an
option to a task. The fully qualified (or long form) options are
listed in the <code>help</code> output and the <a href="options_reference.html">Options Reference</a>.
The long form is more foolproof to use because it can go almost anywhere on
the command line, but the shorthand version can save typing.</p>
<p>For many goals, there is only a single task registered. For example,
to specify the <code>--list-sep</code> option for the <code>list</code> goal you could use
the long form:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants list --list-sep<span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'|'</span> examples/src/python/example:
</pre></div>
<p>or you could use the short form:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants list --sep<span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'|'</span> examples/src/python/example:
</pre></div>
<p>When a goal has multiple tasks registered, you must fully specify the
task and goal name to use the short form flag. Here's an example of
using the long form to pass an option to the <code>zinc</code> task:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants --no-compile-zinc-delete-scratch compile src::
</pre></div>
<p>To use the shorthand form of the option, specify both goal and task
name as <code>compile.zinc</code>:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants compile.zinc --no-delete-scratch src::
</pre></div>
<p>This is especially handy if you have lots of options to type:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants publish.jar --named-snapshot<span class="o">=</span>1.2.3-SNAPSHOT --no-dryrun --force src/java::
</pre></div>
<p>You can use shorthand even when you want to pass options to multiple
tasks by listing each task. For example:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants compile --compile-zinc-no-delete-scratch --resolve-ivy-open src::
</pre></div>
<p>can also be expressed using shorthand flags:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants --level<span class="o">=</span>debug compile.zinc --no-delete-scratch resolve.ivy --open src::
</pre></div>
<h2 id="passthrough-args">Passthrough Args</h2>
<p>In some cases Pants allows you to pass arguments directly through to the underlying tool it invokes.
These are specified last on the command line after a double-hyphen, and are passed through the
last goal specified.</p>
<p>E.g., to pass <code>-k foo</code> to <code>pytest</code> (to say "only run tests whose names contain <code>foo</code>"):</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre>./pants test.pytest tests/python/pants_test/tasks -- -k foo
</pre></div>
<p>You can use <code>test</code> instead of <code>test.pytest</code> above; Pants then applies the passthrough args
through all tasks in <code>test</code> that support them. In this case, it would pass them to JUnit as well.
So it only makes sense to do this if you know that JUnit won't be invoked in practice (because
you're not invoking Pants on any Java tests).</p>
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