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<title>浏览器渲染原理 | janceChun</title>
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浏览器渲染原理
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<p>浏览器渲染进程(rendering process)是以管道形式（rendering pipeline）渲染的，管道形式渲染的当前步骤都依赖于上一步骤的结果，<br>因此更新渲染成本很高。</p>
<p>浏览器渲染进程包含了 主进程(main thread)， 合成线程（compositor thread），光栅线程（raster thread）, worker 线程(worker theads)</p>
<p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4457572/181687467-3853bec7-ffb5-4f3d-b1c2-d63f237ffae4.png" alt="image"></p>
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<li><p>主进程(main thread)：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>解析HTML生成DOM树，解析CSS 为DOM树添加计算样式。</p>
</li>
<li><p>拥有DOM Tree + Computed Style 还不够构成布局，需要知道每个DOM在页面x,y轴坐标，边框大小，是否display:none，是否 visibility: hidden，是否有::before伪元素。因此我们需要为DOM创建格式化上下文FC（Formatting Context）也叫Nomal Flow 或 Flow Layout。 Formatting Context分为：块级格式化上下文（BFC）跟 内联格式上下文（IFC)， 遍历完DOM 树生成Layout Tree。此外CSS流式布局还涉及到边距折叠（Margin Collapsing），折叠原则是选绝对值最大</p>
<img width="461" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4457572/178632558-c62edc65-409c-4c09-9659-86a1cdac3d5e.png">
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<li><p>拥有Layout Tree 还不够构成布局，因为不知道哪个FC需要先画（z-index, position: absolute), 因此主线程遍历生成Paint Records。</p>
<p><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/4457572/178635645-d76d3037-4984-4b2e-b2c1-9ebf157b713f.png" alt="图层 3"></p>
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<li><p>拥有了Paint Records还不够，现代浏览器会通过主线程会遍历Layout tree将这些信息分层为Layer Tree</p>
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<li><p>合成线程（compositor thread）<br> 主线程将Paint Records 跟 Layer Tree 提交给合成线程，合成线程将每个Layer将其分成很多一小块(divides them into tiles)， 根据可视范围优先选择对应的光栅线程。<br>合并光栅线程光栅化后的位图为绘画块（Draw quads，记录了tiles的内存信息等）并创建了合成帧（compositor frame）。 通过IPC将合成帧传递给浏览器进程</p>
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<li><p>光栅线程（ Raster threads）<br> 光栅线程将合成线程的分块光栅化为位图，并将位图发送存储GPU内存</p>
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<p>参考链接🔗：<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Flow_Layout/Block_and_Inline_Layout_in_Normal_Flow">https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Flow_Layout/Block_and_Inline_Layout_in_Normal_Flow</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%9B%BE">https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E5%9B%BE</a></p>
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