diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c16b97ab7..3d819af90 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ for more information about extending configuration files.
 | [consistent-test-it][]       | Enforce consistent test or it keyword                             |                  | ![fixable-green][]  |
 | [expect-expect][]            | Enforce assertion to be made in a test body                       |                  |                     |
 | [lowercase-name][]           | Disallow capitalized test names                                   |                  | ![fixable-green][]  |
+| [no-alias-methods][]         | Disallow alias methods                                            |                  |                     |
 | [no-disabled-tests][]        | Disallow disabled tests                                           | ![recommended][] |                     |
 | [no-focused-tests][]         | Disallow focused tests                                            | ![recommended][] |                     |
 | [no-hooks][]                 | Disallow setup and teardown hooks                                 |                  |                     |
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ for more information about extending configuration files.
 [consistent-test-it]: docs/rules/consistent-test-it.md
 [expect-expect]: docs/rules/expect-expect.md
 [lowercase-name]: docs/rules/lowercase-name.md
+[no-alias-methods]: docs/rules/no-alias-methods.md
 [no-disabled-tests]: docs/rules/no-disabled-tests.md
 [no-focused-tests]: docs/rules/no-focused-tests.md
 [no-hooks]: docs/rules/no-hooks.md
diff --git a/docs/rules/no-alias-methods.md b/docs/rules/no-alias-methods.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9439abe3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/rules/no-alias-methods.md
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Don't use alias methods (no-alias-methods)
+
+Several Jest methods have alias names, such as `toThrow` having the alias of
+`toThrowError`. This rule ensures that only the canonical name as used in the
+Jest documentation is used in the code. This makes it easier to search for all
+occurrences of the method within code, and it ensures consistency among the
+method names used.
+
+## Rule details
+
+This rule triggers a warning if the alias name, rather than the canonical name,
+of a method is used.
+
+### Default configuration
+
+The following patterns are considered warnings:
+
+```js
+expect(a).toBeCalled();
+expect(a).toBeCalledTimes();
+expect(a).toBeCalledWith();
+expect(a).lastCalledWith();
+expect(a).nthCalledWith();
+expect(a).toReturn();
+expect(a).toReturnTimes();
+expect(a).toReturnWith();
+expect(a).lastReturnedWith();
+expect(a).nthReturnedWith();
+expect(a).toThrowError();
+```
+
+The following patterns are not considered warnings:
+
+```js
+expect(a).toHaveBeenCalled();
+expect(a).toHaveBeenCalledTimes();
+expect(a).toHaveBeenCalledWith();
+expect(a).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith();
+expect(a).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith();
+expect(a).toHaveReturned();
+expect(a).toHaveReturnedTimes();
+expect(a).toHaveReturnedWith();
+expect(a).toHaveLastReturnedWith();
+expect(a).toHaveNthReturnedWith();
+expect(a).toThrow();
+```
diff --git a/index.js b/index.js
index 0ae57b9e7..8c90da4d7 100644
--- a/index.js
+++ b/index.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ const validExpectInPromise = require('./rules/valid-expect-in-promise');
 const preferInlineSnapshots = require('./rules/prefer-inline-snapshots');
 const preferStrictEqual = require('./rules/prefer-strict-equal');
 const requireTothrowMessage = require('./rules/require-tothrow-message');
+const noAliasMethods = require('./rules/no-alias-methods');
 
 const snapshotProcessor = require('./processors/snapshot-processor');
 
@@ -91,5 +92,6 @@ module.exports = {
     'prefer-inline-snapshots': preferInlineSnapshots,
     'prefer-strict-equal': preferStrictEqual,
     'require-tothrow-message': requireTothrowMessage,
+    'no-alias-methods': noAliasMethods,
   },
 };
diff --git a/rules/__tests__/no-alias-methods.test.js b/rules/__tests__/no-alias-methods.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8794dca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules/__tests__/no-alias-methods.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const RuleTester = require('eslint').RuleTester;
+const rule = require('../no-alias-methods');
+
+const ruleTester = new RuleTester();
+
+ruleTester.run('no-alias-methods', rule, {
+  valid: [
+    'expect(a).toHaveBeenCalled()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveBeenCalledTimes()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveBeenCalledWith()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveReturned()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveReturnedTimes()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveReturnedWith()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveLastReturnedWith()',
+    'expect(a).toHaveNthReturnedWith()',
+    'expect(a).toThrow()',
+  ],
+
+  invalid: [
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toBeCalled()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toBeCalled() with its canonical name of toHaveBeenCalled()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveBeenCalled()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toBeCalledTimes()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toBeCalledTimes() with its canonical name of toHaveBeenCalledTimes()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveBeenCalledTimes()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toBeCalledWith()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toBeCalledWith() with its canonical name of toHaveBeenCalledWith()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveBeenCalledWith()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).lastCalledWith()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace lastCalledWith() with its canonical name of toHaveBeenLastCalledWith()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).nthCalledWith()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace nthCalledWith() with its canonical name of toHaveBeenNthCalledWith()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toReturn()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toReturn() with its canonical name of toHaveReturned()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveReturned()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toReturnTimes()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toReturnTimes() with its canonical name of toHaveReturnedTimes()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveReturnedTimes()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toReturnWith()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toReturnWith() with its canonical name of toHaveReturnedWith()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveReturnedWith()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).lastReturnedWith()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace lastReturnedWith() with its canonical name of toHaveLastReturnedWith()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveLastReturnedWith()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).nthReturnedWith()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace nthReturnedWith() with its canonical name of toHaveNthReturnedWith()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toHaveNthReturnedWith()',
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'expect(a).toThrowError()',
+      errors: [
+        {
+          message:
+            'Replace toThrowError() with its canonical name of toThrow()',
+          column: 11,
+          line: 1,
+        },
+      ],
+      output: 'expect(a).toThrow()',
+    },
+  ],
+});
diff --git a/rules/no-alias-methods.js b/rules/no-alias-methods.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b242c313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rules/no-alias-methods.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const expectCase = require('./util').expectCase;
+const getDocsUrl = require('./util').getDocsUrl;
+const method = require('./util').method;
+
+module.exports = {
+  meta: {
+    docs: {
+      url: getDocsUrl(__filename),
+    },
+    fixable: 'code',
+  },
+  create(context) {
+    // The Jest methods which have aliases. The canonical name is the first
+    // index of each item.
+    const methodNames = [
+      ['toHaveBeenCalled', 'toBeCalled'],
+      ['toHaveBeenCalledTimes', 'toBeCalledTimes'],
+      ['toHaveBeenCalledWith', 'toBeCalledWith'],
+      ['toHaveBeenLastCalledWith', 'lastCalledWith'],
+      ['toHaveBeenNthCalledWith', 'nthCalledWith'],
+      ['toHaveReturned', 'toReturn'],
+      ['toHaveReturnedTimes', 'toReturnTimes'],
+      ['toHaveReturnedWith', 'toReturnWith'],
+      ['toHaveLastReturnedWith', 'lastReturnedWith'],
+      ['toHaveNthReturnedWith', 'nthReturnedWith'],
+      ['toThrow', 'toThrowError'],
+    ];
+
+    return {
+      CallExpression(node) {
+        if (!expectCase(node)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the method used matches any of ours.
+        const propertyName = method(node) && method(node).name;
+        const methodItem = methodNames.find(item => item[1] === propertyName);
+
+        if (methodItem) {
+          context.report({
+            message: `Replace {{ replace }}() with its canonical name of {{ canonical }}()`,
+            data: {
+              replace: methodItem[1],
+              canonical: methodItem[0],
+            },
+            node: method(node),
+            fix(fixer) {
+              return [fixer.replaceText(method(node), methodItem[0])];
+            },
+          });
+        }
+      },
+    };
+  },
+};