diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 7e68a5b8bd72..1962b5d20663 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- `[expect]` Move typings of `.not`, `.rejects` and `.resolves` modifiers outside of `Matchers` interface ([#12346](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12346))
 - `[jest-phabricator]` [**BREAKING**] Convert to ESM ([#12341](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/12341))
 
 ### Chore & Maintenance
diff --git a/packages/expect/src/types.ts b/packages/expect/src/types.ts
index 8bd31aaf7e19..d9b7f31307fd 100644
--- a/packages/expect/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/expect/src/types.ts
@@ -64,18 +64,10 @@ export type ExpectedAssertionsErrors = Array<{
   expected: string;
 }>;
 
-interface AsymmetricMatchers {
-  any(sample: unknown): AsymmetricMatcher;
-  anything(): AsymmetricMatcher;
-  arrayContaining(sample: Array<unknown>): AsymmetricMatcher;
-  closeTo(sample: number, precision?: number): AsymmetricMatcher;
-  objectContaining(sample: Record<string, unknown>): AsymmetricMatcher;
-  stringContaining(sample: string): AsymmetricMatcher;
-  stringMatching(sample: string | RegExp): AsymmetricMatcher;
-}
-
 export type Expect<State extends MatcherState = MatcherState> = {
-  <T = unknown>(actual: T): Matchers<void, T>;
+  <T = unknown>(actual: T): Matchers<void, T> &
+    InverseMatchers<void, T> &
+    PromiseMatchers<T>;
   // TODO: this is added by test runners, not `expect` itself
   addSnapshotSerializer(serializer: unknown): void;
   assertions(numberOfAssertions: number): void;
@@ -85,12 +77,48 @@ export type Expect<State extends MatcherState = MatcherState> = {
   getState(): State;
   hasAssertions(): void;
   setState(state: Partial<State>): void;
-} & AsymmetricMatchers & {
-    not: Omit<AsymmetricMatchers, 'any' | 'anything'>;
-  };
+} & AsymmetricMatchers &
+  InverseAsymmetricMatchers;
+
+type InverseAsymmetricMatchers = {
+  /**
+   * Inverse next matcher. If you know how to test something, `.not` lets you test its opposite.
+   */
+  not: Omit<AsymmetricMatchers, 'any' | 'anything'>;
+};
+
+export interface AsymmetricMatchers {
+  any(sample: unknown): AsymmetricMatcher;
+  anything(): AsymmetricMatcher;
+  arrayContaining(sample: Array<unknown>): AsymmetricMatcher;
+  closeTo(sample: number, precision?: number): AsymmetricMatcher;
+  objectContaining(sample: Record<string, unknown>): AsymmetricMatcher;
+  stringContaining(sample: string): AsymmetricMatcher;
+  stringMatching(sample: string | RegExp): AsymmetricMatcher;
+}
+
+type PromiseMatchers<T = unknown> = {
+  /**
+   * Unwraps the reason of a rejected promise so any other matcher can be chained.
+   * If the promise is fulfilled the assertion fails.
+   */
+  rejects: Matchers<Promise<void>, T> & InverseMatchers<Promise<void>, T>;
+  /**
+   * Unwraps the value of a fulfilled promise so any other matcher can be chained.
+   * If the promise is rejected the assertion fails.
+   */
+  resolves: Matchers<Promise<void>, T> & InverseMatchers<Promise<void>, T>;
+};
+
+type InverseMatchers<R extends void | Promise<void>, T = unknown> = {
+  /**
+   * Inverse next matcher. If you know how to test something, `.not` lets you test its opposite.
+   */
+  not: Matchers<R, T>;
+};
 
 // This is a copy from https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/blob/de6730f4463cba69904698035fafd906a72b9664/types/jest/index.d.ts#L570-L817
-export interface Matchers<R, T = unknown> {
+export interface Matchers<R extends void | Promise<void>, T = unknown> {
   /**
    * Ensures the last call to a mock function was provided specific args.
    */
@@ -99,10 +127,6 @@ export interface Matchers<R, T = unknown> {
    * Ensure that the last call to a mock function has returned a specified value.
    */
   lastReturnedWith(expected: unknown): R;
-  /**
-   * If you know how to test something, `.not` lets you test its opposite.
-   */
-  not: Matchers<R, T>;
   /**
    * Ensure that a mock function is called with specific arguments on an Nth call.
    */
@@ -111,16 +135,6 @@ export interface Matchers<R, T = unknown> {
    * Ensure that the nth call to a mock function has returned a specified value.
    */
   nthReturnedWith(nth: number, expected: unknown): R;
-  /**
-   * Use resolves to unwrap the value of a fulfilled promise so any other
-   * matcher can be chained. If the promise is rejected the assertion fails.
-   */
-  resolves: Matchers<Promise<R>, T>;
-  /**
-   * Unwraps the reason of a rejected promise so any other matcher can be chained.
-   * If the promise is fulfilled the assertion fails.
-   */
-  rejects: Matchers<Promise<R>, T>;
   /**
    * Checks that a value is what you expect. It uses `===` to check strict equality.
    * Don't use `toBe` with floating-point numbers.
diff --git a/packages/jest-types/__typetests__/expect.test.ts b/packages/jest-types/__typetests__/expect.test.ts
index 37a6f9efb136..2c380a0c40c8 100644
--- a/packages/jest-types/__typetests__/expect.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-types/__typetests__/expect.test.ts
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ expectType<void>(expect('two').toEqual(expect.not.stringMatching(/^[No]ne/)));
 expectError(expect('two').toEqual(expect.not.stringMatching(1)));
 expectError(expect('two').toEqual(expect.not.stringMatching()));
 
-// chainers and utilities
+// modifiers and utilities
 
 expectType<void>(expect.assertions(2));
 expectError(expect.assertions());
@@ -69,10 +69,28 @@ expectType<Promise<void>>(
   expect(Promise.resolve('lemon')).resolves.toBe('lemon'),
 );
 
+expectType<Promise<void>>(
+  expect(Promise.resolve('lemon')).resolves.not.toBe('lemon'),
+);
+
 expectType<Promise<void>>(
   expect(Promise.reject(new Error('octopus'))).rejects.toThrow('octopus'),
 );
 
+expectType<Promise<void>>(
+  expect(Promise.reject(new Error('octopus'))).rejects.not.toThrow('octopus'),
+);
+
+expectError(expect(1).not.not.toBe(2));
+expectError(expect(1).not.resolves.toBe(2));
+expectError(expect(1).not.rejects.toBe(2));
+
+expectError(expect(1).resolves.resolves.toBe(2));
+expectError(expect(1).resolves.rejects.toBe(2));
+
+expectError(expect(1).rejects.resolves.toBe(2));
+expectError(expect(1).rejects.rejects.toBe(2));
+
 // equality and relational matchers
 
 expectType<void>(expect(2).toBe(2));