forked from nodejs/node
/
index.html
209 lines (206 loc) · 53.4 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><script>"use strict";!function(){var i=(window.location.pathname.match(/^(\/(?:ipfs|ipns)\/[^/]+)/)||[])[1]||"";window.__GATSBY_IPFS_PATH_PREFIX__=i}();</script><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"/><style data-href="../../styles.e93b5499b63484750fba.css">code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{color:#ccc;background:none;font-family:Consolas,Monaco,Andale Mono,Ubuntu Mono,monospace;font-size:1em;text-align:left;white-space:pre;word-spacing:normal;word-break:normal;word-wrap:normal;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;-webkit-hyphens:none;-ms-hyphens:none;hyphens:none}pre[class*=language-]{padding:1em;margin:.5em 0;overflow:auto}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{background:#2d2d2d}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-]{padding:.1em;border-radius:.3em;white-space:normal}.token.block-comment,.token.cdata,.token.comment,.token.doctype,.token.prolog{color:#999}.token.punctuation{color:#ccc}.token.attr-name,.token.deleted,.token.namespace,.token.tag{color:#e2777a}.token.function-name{color:#6196cc}.token.boolean,.token.function,.token.number{color:#f08d49}.token.class-name,.token.constant,.token.property,.token.symbol{color:#f8c555}.token.atrule,.token.builtin,.token.important,.token.keyword,.token.selector{color:#cc99cd}.token.attr-value,.token.char,.token.regex,.token.string,.token.variable{color:#7ec699}.token.entity,.token.operator,.token.url{color:#67cdcc}.token.bold,.token.important{font-weight:700}.token.italic{font-style:italic}.token.entity{cursor:help}.token.inserted{color:green}a,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,em,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,object,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block}body{line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none}blockquote,q{quotes:none}blockquote:after,blockquote:before,q:after,q:before{content:"";content:none}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:Poppins,sans-serif}*{box-sizing:border-box}li,p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;font-weight:300}p,ul{padding:10px 0}strong{font-weight:700;color:#c3f}li{list-style-type:disc;list-style-position:inside;padding:8px 0}.documentation h1{font-size:42px;font-weight:600;padding:30px 0 10px}.documentation h2{font-size:22px;font-weight:300}.documentation h3{color:#c3f;font-size:22px;padding:30px 0 5px;font-weight:500}.documentation h4{font-weight:600;padding:20px 0 5px}.documentation p{display:inline-block}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-],pre[class*=language-]{border-radius:4px;background-color:#413844;font-size:13px}:not(pre)>code[class*=language-text]{background-color:rgba(204,139,216,.1);color:#413844;padding:2px 6px;border-radius:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;border-radius:1px;display:inline-block}.documentation a,a>code[class*=language-text]{color:#fb3b49;font-weight:600}p>code[class*=language-text]{display:inline-block}.documentation h1:before{content:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 27 26'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3ClinearGradient id='a' x1='18.13' x2='25.6' y1='13.48' y2='13.48' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23fb8817'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.37' stop-color='%23fb8719'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.51' stop-color='%23fa8420'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.61' stop-color='%23f9802c'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.69' stop-color='%23f7793d'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.76' stop-color='%23f47053'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.82' stop-color='%23f1656e'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.87' stop-color='%23ed578f'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.92' stop-color='%23e948b5'/%3E%3Cstop offset='.97' stop-color='%23e437de'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23e02aff'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='b' x1='17.89' x2='25.84' y1='13.48' y2='13.48' gradientUnits='userSpaceOnUse'%3E%3Cstop offset='0' stop-color='%23fb8817'/%3E%3Cstop offset='1' stop-color='%23e02aff'/%3E%3C/linearGradient%3E%3ClinearGradient id='c' x1='1' x2='18.69' y1='17.84' y2='17.84' xlink:href='%23a'/%3E%3ClinearGradient id='d' x1='.76' x2='18.93' y1='17.84' y2='17.84' xlink:href='%23b'/%3E%3ClinearGradient id='e' x1='1' x2='20.48' y1='7.33' y2='7.33' xlink:href='%23a'/%3E%3ClinearGradient id='f' x1='.76' x2='20.72' y1='7.33' y2='7.33' xlink:href='%23b'/%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23a)' stroke='url(%23b)' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='.48' d='M18.53 24.24a.28.28 0 01-.34-.41L25 14.06l-5-11a.28.28 0 11.5-.23L25.58 14a.28.28 0 010 .28l-6.91 9.9a.28.28 0 01-.14.06z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23c)' stroke='url(%23d)' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='.48' d='M18.53 24.24a.28.28 0 01-.14 0l-12-1.15a.28.28 0 01-.23-.09L1 11.81a.28.28 0 11.5-.23l5.07 11L18 23.68 13 13a.28.28 0 11.5-.23l5.12 11.12a.28.28 0 01-.09.35z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='url(%23e)' stroke='url(%23f)' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='.48' d='M13.4 13.12a.25.25 0 01-.14 0L1.25 12a.28.28 0 01-.2-.44L8 1.64a.28.28 0 01.25-.12l12 1.18a.28.28 0 01.2.44L13.51 13a.25.25 0 01-.11.12z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");position:relative;display:inline-block;padding-right:8px;top:3px;width:28px}.active-sidebar-link{background-color:#ffebff}.active-navbar-link{border-bottom:3px solid #c3f}.header-link-class{margin-left:-24px}.disabled-body{overflow:hidden}</style><meta name="generator" content="Gatsby 2.24.27"/><title data-react-helmet="true"></title><style data-styled="UihHA jAtLxz bCnUTx bAGJfc hJcdbU kOyZtC eCQAUi fsnHHg bXQeSB dsecBh iPgskl bNiGAM gJQTGP fMOzaj" data-styled-version="4.4.1">
/* sc-component-id: links__NavLink-sc-19vgq0o-1 */
.kOyZtC{font-weight:500;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:.3px;-moz-letter-spacing:.3px;-ms-letter-spacing:.3px;letter-spacing:.3px;font-size:14px;color:#231f20;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s;transition:opacity .5s;margin:0 10px;} .kOyZtC:hover{opacity:.5;}
/* sc-component-id: links__BasicNavLink-sc-19vgq0o-2 */
.eCQAUi{font-weight:500;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:.3px;-moz-letter-spacing:.3px;-ms-letter-spacing:.3px;letter-spacing:.3px;font-size:14px;color:#231f20;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s;transition:opacity .5s;margin:0 10px;} .eCQAUi:hover{opacity:.5;}
/* sc-component-id: links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 */
.iPgskl{font-weight:500;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:.3px;-moz-letter-spacing:.3px;-ms-letter-spacing:.3px;letter-spacing:.3px;font-size:14px;color:#fb3b49;padding:10px;-webkit-transition:background-color .3s;transition:background-color .3s;} .iPgskl:hover{background-color:#ffebff;}
/* sc-component-id: Accordion__SectionButton-i8yhwx-0 */
.dsecBh{outline:none;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;color:red;border:none;font-size:18px;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 0;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s;transition:opacity .5s;} .dsecBh:after{background:center / contain no-repeat url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBpZD0iTGF5ZXJfMSIgZGF0YS1uYW1lPSJMYXllciAxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNi41IDEwIj48ZGVmcz48c3R5bGU+LmNscy0xe2ZpbGw6I2ZiM2I0OTt9PC9zdHlsZT48L2RlZnM+PHRpdGxlPnVwLWNhcnJvdDwvdGl0bGU+PHBhdGggY2xhc3M9ImNscy0xIiBkPSJNOC4yNS44NWExLjE1LDEuMTUsMCwwLDAtLjgxLjM0bC02LDZBMS4xNSwxLjE1LDAsMCwwLDMuMDYsOC44MUw4LjI1LDMuNjNsNS4xOSw1LjE5YTEuMTUsMS4xNSwwLDAsMCwxLjYzLTEuNjNsLTYtNkExLjE1LDEuMTUsMCwwLDAsOC4yNS44NVoiLz48L3N2Zz4=);content:'';height:11px;width:28px;display:inline-block;} .dsecBh:hover{opacity:.6;}
/* sc-component-id: DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 */
.bNiGAM{font-size:11px;line-height:1.5;text-transform:lowercase;display:block;font-weight:400;color:#767676;}
/* sc-component-id: Sidebar__Container-gs0c67-0 */
.bXQeSB{border-right:1px solid #86838333;padding:30px;height:100vh;display:none;width:380px;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;overflow:scroll;padding-bottom:200px;top:54px;background-color:#ffffff;} @media screen and (min-width:48em){.bXQeSB{display:block;}}
/* sc-component-id: navbar__Container-kjuegf-0 */
.UihHA{width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid #86838333;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;background-color:#ffffff;z-index:1;}
/* sc-component-id: navbar__Inner-kjuegf-1 */
.jAtLxz{border-top:3px solid;border-image:linear-gradient(139deg,#fb8817,#ff4b01,#c12127,#e02aff) 3;margin:auto;height:53px;padding:0 30px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;}
/* sc-component-id: navbar__Logo-kjuegf-2 */
.bAGJfc{width:120px;padding:0px 5px;height:18px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s;transition:opacity .5s;} .bAGJfc:hover{opacity:.8;}
/* sc-component-id: navbar__Links-kjuegf-3 */
.hJcdbU{display:none;} @media screen and (min-width:48em){.hJcdbU{display:block;margin-left:auto;}}
/* sc-component-id: navbar__Heart-kjuegf-4 */
.bCnUTx{font-size:15px;display:inline-block;}
/* sc-component-id: navbar__Hamburger-kjuegf-5 */
.fsnHHg{border:none;background:center no-repeat url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);height:30px;width:30px;display:block;margin-left:auto;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s;transition:opacity .5s;cursor:pointer;} .fsnHHg:hover{opacity:.6;} @media screen and (min-width:48em){.fsnHHg{display:none;}}
/* sc-component-id: FoundTypo__Container-sc-1e373sc-0 */
.fMOzaj{margin:80px 0;border-top:1px solid black;padding:20px 0;}
/* sc-component-id: Page__Content-sc-4b62ym-0 */
.gJQTGP{max-width:760px;margin:auto;padding:0 30px 120px;}</style><link rel="icon" href="../../favicon-32x32.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99" type="image/png"/><link rel="manifest" href="../../manifest.webmanifest"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#663399"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="48x48" href="../../icons/icon-48x48.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../../icons/icon-72x72.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="96x96" href="../../icons/icon-96x96.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="../../icons/icon-144x144.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="../../icons/icon-192x192.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="256x256" href="../../icons/icon-256x256.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="384x384" href="../../icons/icon-384x384.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="../../icons/icon-512x512.png?v=34110fd7686e2c90a487ca98e7336e99"/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" href="../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLDz8Z1xlFQ.woff2"/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" href="../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLGT9Z1xlFQ.woff2"/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous" href="../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrJJfecg.woff2"/><style type="text/css">@font-face{font-family:Poppins;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Poppins Light'),local('Poppins-Light'),url(../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLDz8Z1xlFQ.woff2) format('woff2'),url(../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLDz8Z1xlEw.woff) format('woff');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family:Poppins;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Poppins Regular'),local('Poppins-Regular'),url(../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrJJfecg.woff2) format('woff2'),url(../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrJJfedA.woff) format('woff');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family:Poppins;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Poppins Medium'),local('Poppins-Medium'),url(../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLGT9Z1xlFQ.woff2) format('woff2'),url(../../google-fonts/s/poppins/v13/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLGT9Z1xlEw.woff) format('woff');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family:Inconsolata;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-stretch:normal;font-display: swap;}</style><style type="text/css">
.header-link-class.before {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
transform: translateX(-100%);
padding-right: 4px;
}
.header-link-class.after {
display: inline-block;
padding-left: 4px;
}
h1 .header-link-class svg,
h2 .header-link-class svg,
h3 .header-link-class svg,
h4 .header-link-class svg,
h5 .header-link-class svg,
h6 .header-link-class svg {
visibility: hidden;
}
h1:hover .header-link-class svg,
h2:hover .header-link-class svg,
h3:hover .header-link-class svg,
h4:hover .header-link-class svg,
h5:hover .header-link-class svg,
h6:hover .header-link-class svg,
h1 .header-link-class:focus svg,
h2 .header-link-class:focus svg,
h3 .header-link-class:focus svg,
h4 .header-link-class:focus svg,
h5 .header-link-class:focus svg,
h6 .header-link-class:focus svg {
visibility: visible;
}
</style><script>
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {
var hash = window.decodeURI(location.hash.replace('#', ''))
if (hash !== '') {
var element = document.getElementById(hash)
if (element) {
var scrollTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop
var clientTop = document.documentElement.clientTop || document.body.clientTop || 0
var offset = element.getBoundingClientRect().top + scrollTop - clientTop
// Wait for the browser to finish rendering before scrolling.
setTimeout((function() {
window.scrollTo(0, offset - 100)
}), 0)
}
}
})
</script><link as="script" rel="preload" href="../../webpack-runtime-a1bac1a209a8d7d693d0.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="../../framework-a576ae5ab153fa4a7c27.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="../../styles-cd63080e784be7b7e7cf.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="../../app-6f343edec955e3b40366.js"/><link as="script" rel="preload" href="../../component---src-templates-page-js-701402624aee48c45edf.js"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="../../page-data/cli-commands/npm-exec/page-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="../../static/d/2496503923.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link as="fetch" rel="preload" href="../../page-data/app-data.json" crossorigin="anonymous"/></head><body><div id="___gatsby"><div style="outline:none" tabindex="-1" id="gatsby-focus-wrapper"><style data-emotion-css="4cffwv">.css-4cffwv{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="navbar__Container-kjuegf-0 UihHA css-4cffwv"><div class="navbar__Inner-kjuegf-1 jAtLxz css-4cffwv"><a href="../../"><style data-emotion-css="26z63x">.css-26z63x{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;margin-left:4px;margin-right:24px;}</style><div class="navbar__Heart-kjuegf-4 bCnUTx css-26z63x">❤</div><style data-emotion-css="9taffg">.css-9taffg{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;max-width:100%;height:auto;}</style><img src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" class="navbar__Logo-kjuegf-2 bAGJfc css-9taffg"/></a><ul class="navbar__Links-kjuegf-3 hJcdbU"><a class="links__NavLink-sc-19vgq0o-1 kOyZtC" href="../../cli-commands/npm-exec/cli-commands/npm/index.html">docs</a><a href="https://www.npmjs.com/" class="links__BasicNavLink-sc-19vgq0o-2 eCQAUi">npmjs.org</a></ul><button class="navbar__Hamburger-kjuegf-5 fsnHHg"></button></div></div><style data-emotion-css="4cffwv">.css-4cffwv{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="css-4cffwv"><nav class="Sidebar__Container-gs0c67-0 bXQeSB sidebar"><div><button class="Accordion__SectionButton-i8yhwx-0 dsecBh">cli-commands</button><div><style data-emotion-css="l3rx45">.css-l3rx45{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}</style><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm">npm<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">javascript package manager</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-access">npm access<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Set access level on published packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-audit">npm audit<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Run a security audit</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-bin">npm bin<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Display npm bin folder</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-bugs">npm bugs<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Bugs for a package in a web browser maybe</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-bundle">npm bundle<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">REMOVED</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-cache">npm cache<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manipulates packages cache</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-ci">npm ci<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Install a project with a clean slate</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-completion">npm completion<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Tab Completion for npm</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-config">npm config<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manage the npm configuration files</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-dedupe">npm dedupe<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Reduce duplication</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-deprecate">npm deprecate<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Deprecate a version of a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-docs">npm docs<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Docs for a package in a web browser maybe</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-doctor">npm doctor<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Check your environments</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-edit">npm edit<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Edit an installed package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a aria-current="page" class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl active-sidebar-link" href="../../cli-commands/npm-exec">npm exec<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Run a command from a local or remote npm package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-explain">npm explain<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Explain installed packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-fund">npm fund<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Retrieve funding information</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-help">npm help<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Get help on npm</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-help-search">npm help-search<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Search npm help documentation</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-hook">npm hook<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manage registry hooks</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-init">npm init<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">create a package.json file</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-install">npm install<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Install a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-install-ci-test">npm install-ci-test<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Install a project with a clean slate and run tests</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-install-test">npm install-test<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Install package(s) and run tests</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-link">npm link<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Symlink a package folder</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-logout">npm logout<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Log out of the registry</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-ls">npm ls<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">List installed packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-org">npm org<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manage orgs</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-outdated">npm outdated<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Check for outdated packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-owner">npm owner<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manage package owners</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-pack">npm pack<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Create a tarball from a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-ping">npm ping<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Ping npm registry</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-prefix">npm prefix<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Display prefix</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-profile">npm profile<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Change settings on your registry profile</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-prune">npm prune<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Remove extraneous packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-publish">npm publish<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Publish a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-rebuild">npm rebuild<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Rebuild a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-repo">npm repo<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Open package repository page in the browser</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-restart">npm restart<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Restart a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-root">npm root<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Display npm root</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-run-script">npm run-script<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Run arbitrary package scripts</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-search">npm search<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Search for packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-shrinkwrap">npm shrinkwrap<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Lock down dependency versions for publication</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-star">npm star<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Mark your favorite packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-stars">npm stars<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">View packages marked as favorites</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-start">npm start<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Start a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-stop">npm stop<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Stop a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-team">npm team<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manage organization teams and team memberships</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-test">npm test<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Test a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-token">npm token<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Manage your authentication tokens</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-uninstall">npm uninstall<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Remove a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-unpublish">npm unpublish<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Remove a package from the registry</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-update">npm update<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Update a package</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-version">npm version<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Bump a package version</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-view">npm view<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">View registry info</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npm-whoami">npm whoami<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Display npm username</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../cli-commands/npx">npx<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Run a command from a local or remote npm package</span></a></div></div></div><div><button class="Accordion__SectionButton-i8yhwx-0 dsecBh">configuring-npm</button><div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/folders">folders<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Folder Structures Used by npm</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/install">install<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Download and install node and npm</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/npmrc">npmrc<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">The npm config files</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/package-lock-json">package-lock.json<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">A manifestation of the manifest</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/package-locks">package-locks<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">An explanation of npm lockfiles</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/package-json">package.json<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Specifics of npm's package.json handling</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../configuring-npm/shrinkwrap-json">shrinkwrap.json<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">A publishable lockfile</span></a></div></div></div><div><button class="Accordion__SectionButton-i8yhwx-0 dsecBh">using-npm</button><div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/config">config<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">More than you probably want to know about npm configuration</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/developers">developers<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Developer Guide</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/disputes">disputes<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Handling Module Name Disputes</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/orgs">orgs<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Working with Teams & Orgs</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/registry">registry<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">The JavaScript Package Registry</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/removal">removal<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Cleaning the Slate</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/scope">scope<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">Scoped packages</span></a></div><div class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/scripts">scripts<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">How npm handles the "scripts" field</span></a></div></div></div></nav><style data-emotion-css="16vu25q">.css-16vu25q{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;width:100%;}</style><div class="css-16vu25q"><div class="Page__Content-sc-4b62ym-0 gJQTGP documentation"><div><h1 id="npm-exec1" style="position:relative;"><a href="#npm-exec1" aria-label="npm exec1 permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>npm exec</h1>
<h2 id="run-a-command-from-a-local-or-remote-npm-package" style="position:relative;"><a href="#run-a-command-from-a-local-or-remote-npm-package" aria-label="run a command from a local or remote npm package permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run a command from a local or remote npm package</h2>
<h3 id="synopsis" style="position:relative;"><a href="#synopsis" aria-label="synopsis permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Synopsis</h3>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="bash"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exec</span> -- <span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>@<span class="token operator"><</span>version<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>args<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exec</span> -p <span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>@<span class="token operator"><</span>version<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> -- <span class="token operator"><</span>cmd<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>args<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exec</span> -c <span class="token string">'<cmd> [args...]'</span>
<span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exec</span> -p foo -c <span class="token string">'<cmd> [args...]'</span>
npx <span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>@<span class="token operator"><</span>specifier<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>args<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
npx -p <span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>@<span class="token operator"><</span>specifier<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>cmd<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>args<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
npx -c <span class="token string">'<cmd> [args...]'</span>
npx -p <span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>@<span class="token operator"><</span>specifier<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> -c <span class="token string">'<cmd> [args...]'</span>
alias: <span class="token function">npm</span> x, npx
-p <span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span> --package<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator"><</span>pkg<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>may be specified multiple <span class="token builtin class-name">times</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
-c <span class="token operator"><</span>cmd<span class="token operator">></span> --call<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator"><</span>cmd<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>may not be mixed with positional arguments<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div>
<h3 id="description" style="position:relative;"><a href="#description" aria-label="description permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Description</h3>
<p>This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package
(either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context
as running it via <code class="language-text">npm run</code>.</p>
<p>Whatever packages are specified by the <code class="language-text">--package</code> or <code class="language-text">-p</code> option will be
provided in the <code class="language-text">PATH</code> of the executed command, along with any locally
installed package executables. The <code class="language-text">--package</code> or <code class="language-text">-p</code> option may be
specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment
where all specified packages are available.</p>
<p>If any requested packages are not present in the local project
dependencies, then they are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which
is added to the <code class="language-text">PATH</code> environment variable in the executed process. A
prompt is printed (which can be suppressed by providing either <code class="language-text">--yes</code> or
<code class="language-text">--no</code>).</p>
<p>Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever
version exists in the local project. Package names with a specifier will
only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as
the local dependency.</p>
<p>If no <code class="language-text">-c</code> or <code class="language-text">--call</code> option is provided, then the positional arguments
are used to generate the command string. If no <code class="language-text">-p</code> or <code class="language-text">--package</code> options
are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from
the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according
to the following heuristic:</p>
<ul>
<li>If the package has a single entry in its <code class="language-text">bin</code> field in <code class="language-text">package.json</code>,
then that command will be used.</li>
<li>If the package has multiple <code class="language-text">bin</code> entries, and one of them matches the
unscoped portion of the <code class="language-text">name</code> field, then that command will be used.</li>
<li>If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are
no bin entries, or none of them match the <code class="language-text">name</code> of the package), then
<code class="language-text">npm exec</code> exits with an error.</li>
</ul>
<p>To run a binary <em>other than</em> the named binary, specify one or more
<code class="language-text">--package</code> options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from
the first command argument.</p>
<h3 id="npx-vs-npm-exec" style="position:relative;"><a href="#npx-vs-npm-exec" aria-label="npx vs npm exec permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a><code class="language-text">npx</code> vs <code class="language-text">npm exec</code></h3>
<p>When run via the <code class="language-text">npx</code> binary, all flags and options <em>must</em> be set prior to
any positional arguments. When run via <code class="language-text">npm exec</code>, a double-hyphen <code class="language-text">--</code>
flag can be used to suppress npm's parsing of switches and options that
should be sent to the executed command.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo</code></pre></div>
<p>In this case, npm will resolve the <code class="language-text">foo</code> package name, and run the
following command:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo</code></pre></div>
<p>Since the <code class="language-text">--package</code> option comes <em>after</em> the positional arguments, it is
treated as an argument to the executed command.</p>
<p>In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is
different:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo</code></pre></div>
<p>In this case, npm will parse the <code class="language-text">--package</code> option first, resolving the
<code class="language-text">@npmcli/foo</code> package. Then, it will execute the following command in that
context:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ foo@latest bar</code></pre></div>
<p>The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop
parsing command line options and switches. The following command would
thus be equivalent to the <code class="language-text">npx</code> command above:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="examples" style="position:relative;"><a href="#examples" aria-label="examples permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Examples</h3>
<p>Run the version of <code class="language-text">tap</code> in the local dependencies, with the provided
arguments:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js
$ npx tap --bail test/foo.js</code></pre></div>
<p>Run a command <em>other than</em> the command whose name matches the package name
by specifying a <code class="language-text">--package</code> option:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument
# ~ or ~
$ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument</code></pre></div>
<p>Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="text"><pre class="language-text"><code class="language-text">$ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
$ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="compatibility-with-older-npx-versions" style="position:relative;"><a href="#compatibility-with-older-npx-versions" aria-label="compatibility with older npx versions permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compatibility with Older npx Versions</h3>
<p>The <code class="language-text">npx</code> binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone <code class="language-text">npx</code>
package deprecated at that time. <code class="language-text">npx</code> uses the <code class="language-text">npm exec</code>
command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with
some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it
accepted in previous versions.</p>
<p>This resulted in some shifts in its functionality:</p>
<ul>
<li>Any <code class="language-text">npm</code> config value may be provided.</li>
<li>To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package
names, <code class="language-text">npx</code> prompts before installing anything. Suppress this
prompt with the <code class="language-text">-y</code> or <code class="language-text">--yes</code> option.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">--no-install</code> option is deprecated, and will be converted to <code class="language-text">--no</code>.</li>
<li>Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">-p</code> argument is a shorthand for <code class="language-text">--parseable</code> in npm, but shorthand
for <code class="language-text">--package</code> in npx. This is maintained, but only for the <code class="language-text">npx</code>
executable.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">--ignore-existing</code> option is removed. Locally installed bins are
always present in the executed process <code class="language-text">PATH</code>.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">--npm</code> option is removed. <code class="language-text">npx</code> will always use the <code class="language-text">npm</code> it ships
with.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">--node-arg</code> and <code class="language-text">-n</code> options are removed.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">--always-spawn</code> option is redundant, and thus removed.</li>
<li>The <code class="language-text">--shell</code> option is replaced with <code class="language-text">--script-shell</code>, but maintained
in the <code class="language-text">npx</code> executable for backwards compatibility.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="see-also" style="position:relative;"><a href="#see-also" aria-label="see also permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>See Also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/run-script">npm run-script</a></li>
<li><a href="../../using-npm/scripts">npm scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/test">npm test</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/start">npm start</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/restart">npm restart</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/stop">npm stop</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/config">npm config</a></li>
</ul></div><div class="FoundTypo__Container-sc-1e373sc-0 fMOzaj"><p><span role="img" aria-label="eyes-emoji">👀</span> Found a typo? <a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/">Let us know!</a></p><p>The current stable version of npm is <a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/">here</a>. To upgrade, run: <code class="language-text">npm install npm@latest -g</code></p><p>To report bugs or submit feature requests for the docs, or for any issues regarding the npm command line tool, please post <a href="https://github.com/npm/cli/issues">on the npm/cli GitHub project</a>.</p></div><script>
var anchors = document.querySelectorAll(".sidebar a, .documentation a")
Array.prototype.slice.call(anchors).map(function(el) {
if (el.href.match(/file:\/\//)) {
el.href = el.href + "/index.html"
}
})
</script></div></div></div></div><div id="gatsby-announcer" style="position:absolute;top:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div></div><script id="gatsby-script-loader">/*<![CDATA[*/window.pagePath="/cli-commands/npm-exec";/*]]>*/</script><script id="gatsby-chunk-mapping">/*<![CDATA[*/window.___chunkMapping={"polyfill":["/polyfill-830cd53ca5c6720b5926.js"],"app":["/app-6f343edec955e3b40366.js"],"component---src-pages-404-js":["/component---src-pages-404-js-bbb71b973623875bbac8.js"],"component---src-pages-index-js":["/component---src-pages-index-js-7adb33aa6738026424af.js"],"component---src-templates-page-js":["/component---src-templates-page-js-701402624aee48c45edf.js"]};/*]]>*/</script><script src="../../polyfill-830cd53ca5c6720b5926.js" nomodule=""></script><script src="../../component---src-templates-page-js-701402624aee48c45edf.js" async=""></script><script src="../../app-6f343edec955e3b40366.js" async=""></script><script src="../../styles-cd63080e784be7b7e7cf.js" async=""></script><script src="../../framework-a576ae5ab153fa4a7c27.js" async=""></script><script src="../../webpack-runtime-a1bac1a209a8d7d693d0.js" async=""></script></body></html>