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index.html
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class="css-l3rx45"><a class="links__SidebarLink-sc-19vgq0o-3 iPgskl" href="../../using-npm/scripts">scripts<span class="DocLinks__LinkDesc-sc-1vrw6od-0 bNiGAM">How npm handles the "scripts" field</span></a></div></div></div></nav><style data-emotion-css="16vu25q">.css-16vu25q{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;width:100%;}</style><div class="css-16vu25q"><div class="Page__Content-sc-4b62ym-0 gJQTGP documentation"><div><h1 id="scope7" style="position:relative;"><a href="#scope7" aria-label="scope7 permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>scope</h1>
<h2 id="scoped-packages" style="position:relative;"><a href="#scoped-packages" aria-label="scoped packages permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Scoped packages</h2>
<h3 id="description" style="position:relative;"><a href="#description" aria-label="description permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Description</h3>
<p>All npm packages have a name. Some package names also have a scope. A scope
follows the usual rules for package names (URL-safe characters, no leading dots
or underscores). When used in package names, scopes are preceded by an <code class="language-text">@</code> symbol
and followed by a slash, e.g.</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="bash"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash">@somescope/somepackagename</code></pre></div>
<p>Scopes are a way of grouping related packages together, and also affect a few
things about the way npm treats the package.</p>
<p>Each npm user/organization has their own scope, and only you can add packages
in your scope. This means you don't have to worry about someone taking your
package name ahead of you. Thus it is also a good way to signal official packages
for organizations.</p>
<p>Scoped packages can be published and installed as of <code class="language-text">npm@2</code> and are supported
by the primary npm registry. Unscoped packages can depend on scoped packages and
vice versa. The npm client is backwards-compatible with unscoped registries,
so it can be used to work with scoped and unscoped registries at the same time.</p>
<h3 id="installing-scoped-packages" style="position:relative;"><a href="#installing-scoped-packages" aria-label="installing scoped packages permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Installing scoped packages</h3>
<p>Scoped packages are installed to a sub-folder of the regular installation
folder, e.g. if your other packages are installed in <code class="language-text">node_modules/packagename</code>,
scoped modules will be installed in <code class="language-text">node_modules/@myorg/packagename</code>. The scope
folder (<code class="language-text">@myorg</code>) is simply the name of the scope preceded by an <code class="language-text">@</code> symbol, and can
contain any number of scoped packages.</p>
<p>A scoped package is installed by referencing it by name, preceded by an
<code class="language-text">@</code> symbol, in <code class="language-text">npm install</code>:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="bash"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> <span class="token function">install</span> @myorg/mypackage</code></pre></div>
<p>Or in <code class="language-text">package.json</code>:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="json"><pre class="language-json"><code class="language-json"><span class="token property">"dependencies"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">"@myorg/mypackage"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^1.3.0"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Note that if the <code class="language-text">@</code> symbol is omitted, in either case, npm will instead attempt to
install from GitHub; see <a href="../../cli-commands/install"><code class="language-text">npm install</code></a>.</p>
<h3 id="requiring-scoped-packages" style="position:relative;"><a href="#requiring-scoped-packages" aria-label="requiring scoped packages permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Requiring scoped packages</h3>
<p>Because scoped packages are installed into a scope folder, you have to
include the name of the scope when requiring them in your code, e.g.</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="javascript"><pre class="language-javascript"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'@myorg/mypackage'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre></div>
<p>There is nothing special about the way Node treats scope folders. This
simply requires the <code class="language-text">mypackage</code> module in the folder named <code class="language-text">@myorg</code>.</p>
<h3 id="publishing-scoped-packages" style="position:relative;"><a href="#publishing-scoped-packages" aria-label="publishing scoped packages permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Publishing scoped packages</h3>
<p>Scoped packages can be published from the CLI as of <code class="language-text">npm@2</code> and can be
published to any registry that supports them, including the primary npm
registry.</p>
<p>(As of 2015-04-19, and with npm 2.0 or better, the primary npm registry
<strong>does</strong> support scoped packages.)</p>
<p>If you wish, you may associate a scope with a registry; see below.</p>
<h4 id="publishing-public-scoped-packages-to-the-primary-npm-registry" style="position:relative;"><a href="#publishing-public-scoped-packages-to-the-primary-npm-registry" aria-label="publishing public scoped packages to the primary npm registry permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Publishing public scoped packages to the primary npm registry</h4>
<p>To publish a public scoped package, you must specify <code class="language-text">--access public</code> with
the initial publication. This will publish the package and set access
to <code class="language-text">public</code> as if you had run <code class="language-text">npm access public</code> after publishing.</p>
<h4 id="publishing-private-scoped-packages-to-the-npm-registry" style="position:relative;"><a href="#publishing-private-scoped-packages-to-the-npm-registry" aria-label="publishing private scoped packages to the npm registry permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Publishing private scoped packages to the npm registry</h4>
<p>To publish a private scoped package to the npm registry, you must have
an <a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/private-modules/intro">npm Private Modules</a>
account.</p>
<p>You can then publish the module with <code class="language-text">npm publish</code> or <code class="language-text">npm publish
--access restricted</code>, and it will be present in the npm registry, with
restricted access. You can then change the access permissions, if
desired, with <code class="language-text">npm access</code> or on the npmjs.com website.</p>
<h3 id="associating-a-scope-with-a-registry" style="position:relative;"><a href="#associating-a-scope-with-a-registry" aria-label="associating a scope with a registry permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Associating a scope with a registry</h3>
<p>Scopes can be associated with a separate registry. This allows you to
seamlessly use a mix of packages from the primary npm registry and one or more
private registries, such as npm Enterprise.</p>
<p>You can associate a scope with a registry at login, e.g.</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="bash"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> login --registry<span class="token operator">=</span>http://reg.example.com --scope<span class="token operator">=</span>@myco</code></pre></div>
<p>Scopes have a many-to-one relationship with registries: one registry can
host multiple scopes, but a scope only ever points to one registry.</p>
<p>You can also associate a scope with a registry using <code class="language-text">npm config</code>:</p>
<div class="gatsby-highlight" data-language="bash"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">npm</span> config <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> @myco:registry http://reg.example.com</code></pre></div>
<p>Once a scope is associated with a registry, any <code class="language-text">npm install</code> for a package
with that scope will request packages from that registry instead. Any
<code class="language-text">npm publish</code> for a package name that contains the scope will be published to
that registry instead.</p>
<h3 id="see-also" style="position:relative;"><a href="#see-also" aria-label="see also permalink" class="header-link-class before"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="20" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/install">npm install</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/publish">npm publish</a></li>
<li><a href="../../cli-commands/access">npm access</a></li>
<li><a href="../../using-npm/registry">npm registry</a></li>
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