diff --git a/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js b/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
index 3417519ebb..a097adb7b7 100644
--- a/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
+++ b/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ module.exports = {
     fixable: 'code',
 
     schema: [{
-      enum: ['always', 'never']
+      enum: ['syntax', 'element']
     }]
   },
 
   create: function(context) {
-    const configuration = context.options[0] || 'always';
+    const configuration = context.options[0] || 'syntax';
     const sourceCode = context.getSourceCode();
     const reactPragma = pragmaUtil.getFromContext(context);
     const fragmentPragma = pragmaUtil.getFragmentFromContext(context);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ module.exports = {
     }
 
     const jsxElements = [];
-    const fragmentNames = [];
+    const fragmentNames = [`${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}`];
 
     // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Public
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ module.exports = {
           return;
         }
 
-        if (configuration === 'never') {
+        if (configuration === 'element') {
           context.report({
             node,
             message: `Prefer ${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma} over fragment shorthand`,
@@ -154,19 +154,17 @@ module.exports = {
       },
 
       'Program:exit'() {
-        const possibleFragmentNames = fragmentNames.concat([`${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}`]);
-
         jsxElements.forEach(node => {
           const openingEl = node.openingElement;
           const elName = elementType(openingEl);
 
-          if (possibleFragmentNames.indexOf(elName) !== -1 || refersToReactFragment(elName)) {
+          if (fragmentNames.indexOf(elName) !== -1 || refersToReactFragment(elName)) {
             if (reportOnReactVersion(node)) {
               return;
             }
 
             const attrs = openingEl.attributes;
-            if (configuration === 'always' && !(attrs && attrs.length > 0)) {
+            if (configuration === 'syntax' && !(attrs && attrs.length > 0)) {
               context.report({
                 node,
                 message: `Prefer fragment shorthand over ${reactPragma}.${fragmentPragma}`,
diff --git a/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js b/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
index dd0c2505aa..a992bcede1 100644
--- a/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
+++ b/tests/lib/rules/jsx-fragments.js
@@ -47,39 +47,39 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
     settings
   }, {
     code: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
-    options: ['never'],
+    options: ['element'],
     settings
   }, {
     code: `
       import React, { Fragment as Frag } from 'react';
       <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
     `,
-    options: ['never'],
+    options: ['element'],
     settings
   }, {
     code: `
       const F = Act.Frag;
       <F><Foo /></F>;
     `,
-    options: ['never'],
+    options: ['element'],
     settings
   }, {
     code: `
       const { Frag } = Act;
       <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
     `,
-    options: ['never'],
+    options: ['element'],
     settings
   }, {
     code: `
       const { Frag } = require('react');
       <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
     `,
-    options: ['never'],
+    options: ['element'],
     settings
   }, {
     code: '<Act.Frag key="key"><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings
   }],
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
   }, {
     code: '<><Foo /></>',
     parser: 'babel-eslint',
-    options: ['never'],
+    options: ['element'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer Act.Frag over fragment shorthand'
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
     output: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>'
   }, {
     code: '<Act.Frag><Foo /></Act.Frag>',
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
       import React, { Frag as F } from 'react';
       <F><Foo /></F>;
     `,
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
       import React, { Frag } from 'react';
       <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
     `,
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
       const F = Act.Frag;
       <F><Foo /></F>;
     `,
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
       const { Frag } = Act;
       <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
     `,
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ ruleTester.run('jsx-fragments', rule, {
       const { Frag } = require('react');
       <Frag><Foo /></Frag>;
     `,
-    options: ['always'],
+    options: ['syntax'],
     settings,
     errors: [{
       message: 'Prefer fragment shorthand over Act.Frag'