Module Resolution and Type Reference directive cache updates and its API changes

[sheetalkamat]

1. Api for module resolution cache that can update compiler options of current program (and handle redirects correctly) and clearing the cache
2. Api and implementation for type reference directive cache
3. Also add package json info cache that stores package json read result in cache till its cleared.
4. Related changes in ts-loader at Use caches for module resolution and type reference directives when using compiler default functions TypeStrong/ts-loader#1287
   Fixes Repeated package.json reads in ts-loader ts api wrapper compared to tsc --build #42670

[sheetalkamat]

@typescript-bot pack this

[typescript-bot]

Heya @sheetalkamat, I've started to run the tarball bundle task on this PR at 116b9b3. You can monitor the build here.

[weswigham]

The package json info cache infrastructure is going to help a lot with node12 module resolution, too, where we need package.json info for every file we lookup to control resolution.

[sheetalkamat]

@typescript-bot pack this

[typescript-bot]

Heya @sheetalkamat, I've started to run the tarball bundle task on this PR at 4466eb4. You can monitor the build here.

[typescript-bot]

Hey @sheetalkamat, I've packed this into an installable tgz. You can install it for testing by referencing it in your package.json like so:

{
    "devDependencies": {
        "typescript": "https://typescript.visualstudio.com/cf7ac146-d525-443c-b23c-0d58337efebc/_apis/build/builds/101463/artifacts?artifactName=tgz&fileId=B6DAF8DC4086D3275BD9DA1A6CBEC686B8E8C143386E209E6F67EDB4C7558C4C02&fileName=/typescript-4.3.0-insiders.20210421.tgz"
    }
}

and then running npm install.

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There is also a playground for this build and an npm module you can use via "typescript": "npm:@typescript-deploys/pr-build@4.3.0-pr-43700-4".;