conn_test.go

// Copyright 2012-2022 The NATS Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package test

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2/server"
	"github.com/nats-io/nats-server/v2/test"

	"github.com/nats-io/nats.go"
)

func TestDefaultConnection(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	nc := NewDefaultConnection(t)
	nc.Close()
}

func TestConnectionStatus(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	nc := NewDefaultConnection(t)
	defer nc.Close()

	if nc.Status() != nats.CONNECTED || nc.Status().String() != "CONNECTED" {
		t.Fatal("Should have status set to CONNECTED")
	}

	if !nc.IsConnected() {
		t.Fatal("Should have status set to CONNECTED")
	}
	nc.Close()
	if nc.Status() != nats.CLOSED || nc.Status().String() != "CLOSED" {
		t.Fatal("Should have status set to CLOSED")
	}
	if !nc.IsClosed() {
		t.Fatal("Should have status set to CLOSED")
	}
}

func TestConnClosedCB(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	ch := make(chan bool)
	o := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	o.Url = nats.DefaultURL
	o.ClosedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) {
		ch <- true
	}
	nc, err := o.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should have connected ok: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()
	if e := Wait(ch); e != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Closed callback not triggered\n")
	}
}

func TestCloseDisconnectedErrCB(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	ch := make(chan bool)
	o := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	o.Url = nats.DefaultURL
	o.AllowReconnect = false
	o.DisconnectedErrCB = func(_ *nats.Conn, _ error) {
		ch <- true
	}
	nc, err := o.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should have connected ok: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()
	if e := Wait(ch); e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Disconnected callback not triggered")
	}
}

func TestServerStopDisconnectedErrCB(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	ch := make(chan bool)
	o := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	o.Url = nats.DefaultURL
	o.AllowReconnect = false
	o.DisconnectedErrCB = func(nc *nats.Conn, _ error) {
		ch <- true
	}
	nc, err := o.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should have connected ok: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	s.Shutdown()
	if e := Wait(ch); e != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Disconnected callback not triggered\n")
	}
}

func TestServerSecureConnections(t *testing.T) {
	s, opts := RunServerWithConfig("./configs/tls.conf")
	defer s.Shutdown()

	endpoint := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", opts.Host, opts.Port)
	secureURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%s@%s/", opts.Username, opts.Password, endpoint)

	// Make sure this succeeds
	nc, err := nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.Secure(), nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to create secure (TLS) connection: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	omsg := []byte("Hello World")
	checkRecv := make(chan bool)

	received := 0
	nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
		received++
		if !bytes.Equal(m.Data, omsg) {
			t.Fatal("Message received does not match")
		}
		checkRecv <- true
	})
	err = nc.Publish("foo", omsg)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to publish on secure (TLS) connection: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Flush()

	state, err := nc.TLSConnectionState()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected connection state: %v", err)
	}
	if !state.HandshakeComplete {
		t.Fatalf("Expected valid connection state")
	}

	if err := Wait(checkRecv); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed receiving message")
	}

	nc.Close()

	// Server required, but not specified in Connect(), should switch automatically
	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to create secure (TLS) connection: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()

	// Test flag mismatch
	// Wanted but not available..
	ds := RunDefaultServer()
	defer ds.Shutdown()

	nc, err = nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL, nats.Secure(), nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	if err == nil || nc != nil || err != nats.ErrSecureConnWanted {
		if nc != nil {
			nc.Close()
		}
		t.Fatalf("Should have failed to create connection: %v", err)
	}

	// Let's be more TLS correct and verify servername, endpoint etc.
	// Now do more advanced checking, verifying servername and using rootCA.
	// Setup our own TLSConfig using RootCA from our self signed cert.
	rootPEM, err := ioutil.ReadFile("./configs/certs/ca.pem")
	if err != nil || rootPEM == nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to read root certificate")
	}
	pool := x509.NewCertPool()
	ok := pool.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(rootPEM))
	if !ok {
		t.Fatal("failed to parse root certificate")
	}

	tls1 := &tls.Config{
		ServerName: opts.Host,
		RootCAs:    pool,
		MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
	}

	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.Secure(tls1), nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Got an error on Connect with Secure Options: %+v\n", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	tls2 := &tls.Config{
		ServerName: "OtherHostName",
		RootCAs:    pool,
		MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
	}

	nc2, err := nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.Secure(tls1, tls2))
	if err == nil {
		nc2.Close()
		t.Fatal("Was expecting an error!")
	}
}

func TestClientCertificate(t *testing.T) {
	s, opts := RunServerWithConfig("./configs/tlsverify.conf")
	defer s.Shutdown()

	endpoint := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", opts.Host, opts.Port)
	secureURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s", endpoint)

	// Make sure this fails
	nc, err := nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.Secure())
	if err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Should have failed (TLS) connection without client certificate")
	}

	// Check parameters validity
	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.ClientCert("", ""))
	if err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Should have failed due to invalid parameters")
	}

	// Should fail because wrong key
	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL,
		nats.ClientCert("./configs/certs/client-cert.pem", "./configs/certs/key.pem"))
	if err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Should have failed due to invalid key")
	}

	// Should fail because no CA
	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL,
		nats.ClientCert("./configs/certs/client-cert.pem", "./configs/certs/client-key.pem"))
	if err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Should have failed due to missing ca")
	}

	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL,
		nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"),
		nats.ClientCert("./configs/certs/client-cert.pem", "./configs/certs/client-key.pem"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to create (TLS) connection: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	omsg := []byte("Hello!")
	checkRecv := make(chan bool)

	received := 0
	nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
		received++
		if !bytes.Equal(m.Data, omsg) {
			t.Fatal("Message received does not match")
		}
		checkRecv <- true
	})
	err = nc.Publish("foo", omsg)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to publish on secure (TLS) connection: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Flush()

	if err := Wait(checkRecv); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to receive message")
	}
}

func TestServerTLSHintConnections(t *testing.T) {
	s, opts := RunServerWithConfig("./configs/tls.conf")
	defer s.Shutdown()

	endpoint := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", opts.Host, opts.Port)
	secureURL := fmt.Sprintf("tls://%s:%s@%s/", opts.Username, opts.Password, endpoint)

	nc, err := nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/badca.pem"))
	if err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected an error from bad RootCA file")
	}

	nc, err = nats.Connect(secureURL, nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to create secure (TLS) connection: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()
}

func TestClosedConnections(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	nc := NewDefaultConnection(t)
	defer nc.Close()

	sub, _ := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
	if sub == nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to create valid subscription")
	}

	// Test all API endpoints do the right thing with a closed connection.
	nc.Close()
	if err := nc.Publish("foo", nil); err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("Publish on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	if err := nc.PublishMsg(&nats.Msg{Subject: "foo"}); err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("PublishMsg on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Flush(); err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("Flush on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	_, err := nc.Subscribe("foo", nil)
	if err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("Subscribe on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	_, err = nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
	if err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("SubscribeSync on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	_, err = nc.QueueSubscribe("foo", "bar", nil)
	if err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("QueueSubscribe on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	_, err = nc.Request("foo", []byte("help"), 10*time.Millisecond)
	if err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("Request on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	if _, err = sub.NextMsg(10); err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("NextMessage on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
	if err = sub.Unsubscribe(); err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("Unsubscribe on closed conn did not fail properly: %v\n", err)
	}
}

func TestErrOnConnectAndDeadlock(t *testing.T) {
	// We will hand run a fake server that will timeout and not return a proper
	// INFO proto. This is to test that we do not deadlock. Issue #18

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", ":0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		errCh <- nil
		defer conn.Close()
		// Send back a mal-formed INFO.
		conn.Write([]byte("INFOZ \r\n"))
	}()

	go func() {
		natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://127.0.0.1:%d/", addr.Port)
		nc, err := nats.Connect(natsURL)
		if err == nil {
			nc.Close()
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected bad INFO err, got none")
			return
		}
		errCh <- nil
	}()

	// Setup a timer to watch for deadlock
	select {
	case e := <-errCh:
		if e != nil {
			t.Fatal(e.Error())
		}
	case <-time.After(time.Second):
		t.Fatalf("Connect took too long, deadlock?")
	}
}

func TestMoreErrOnConnect(t *testing.T) {
	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)

	done := make(chan bool)
	case1 := make(chan bool)
	case2 := make(chan bool)
	case3 := make(chan bool)
	case4 := make(chan bool)

	errCh := make(chan error, 5)
	go func() {
		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
			conn, err := l.Accept()
			if err != nil {
				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
				return
			}
			switch i {
			case 0:
				// Send back a partial INFO and close the connection.
				conn.Write([]byte("INFO"))
			case 1:
				// Send just INFO
				conn.Write([]byte("INFO\r\n"))
				// Stick around a bit
				<-case1
			case 2:
				info := fmt.Sprintf("INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n", addr.IP, addr.Port)
				// Send complete INFO
				conn.Write([]byte(info))
				// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
				br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
				if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
					errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
					return
				}
				if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
					errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
					return
				}
				// Client expect +OK, send it but then something else than PONG
				conn.Write([]byte("+OK\r\n"))
				// Stick around a bit
				<-case2
			case 3:
				info := fmt.Sprintf("INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n", addr.IP, addr.Port)
				// Send complete INFO
				conn.Write([]byte(info))
				// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
				br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
				if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
					errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
					return
				}
				if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
					errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
					return
				}
				// Client expect +OK, send it but then something else than PONG
				conn.Write([]byte("+OK\r\nXXX\r\n"))
				// Stick around a bit
				<-case3
			case 4:
				info := "INFO {'x'}\r\n"
				// Send INFO with JSON marshall error
				conn.Write([]byte(info))
				// Stick around a bit
				<-case4
			}

			conn.Close()
		}

		// Hang around until asked to quit
		<-done
	}()

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://127.0.0.1:%d", addr.Port)

	if nc, err := nats.Connect(natsURL, nats.Timeout(20*time.Millisecond)); err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
	}

	if nc, err := nats.Connect(natsURL, nats.Timeout(20*time.Millisecond)); err == nil {
		close(case1)
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
	}

	close(case1)

	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	opts.Timeout = 20 * time.Millisecond
	opts.Verbose = true

	if nc, err := opts.Connect(); err == nil {
		close(case2)
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
	}

	close(case2)

	if nc, err := opts.Connect(); err == nil {
		close(case3)
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
	}

	close(case3)

	if nc, err := opts.Connect(); err == nil {
		close(case4)
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
	}

	close(case4)

	close(done)

	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestErrOnMaxPayloadLimit(t *testing.T) {
	expectedMaxPayload := int64(10)
	serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":%d}\r\n"

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)

	// Send back an INFO message with custom max payload size on connect.
	var conn net.Conn
	var err error

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		conn, err = l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port, expectedMaxPayload)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		line := make([]byte, 111)
		_, err := conn.Read(line)
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT and PING from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))
		// Hang around a bit to not err on EOF in client.
		time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
	}()

	// Wait for server mock to start
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", addr.IP, addr.Port)
	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected INFO message with custom max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	got := nc.MaxPayload()
	if got != expectedMaxPayload {
		t.Fatalf("Expected MaxPayload to be %d, got: %d", expectedMaxPayload, got)
	}
	err = nc.Publish("hello", []byte("hello world"))
	if err != nats.ErrMaxPayload {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to fail trying to send more than max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	err = nc.Publish("hello", []byte("a"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to succeed trying to send less than max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestConnectVerbose(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	o := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	o.Verbose = true

	nc, err := o.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should have connected ok: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()
}

func getStacks(all bool) string {
	var (
		stacks     []byte
		stacksSize = 10000
		n          int
	)
	for {
		stacks = make([]byte, stacksSize)
		n = runtime.Stack(stacks, all)
		if n == stacksSize {
			stacksSize *= 2
			continue
		}
		break
	}
	return string(stacks[:n])
}

func isRunningInAsyncCBDispatcher() error {
	strStacks := getStacks(false)
	if strings.Contains(strStacks, "asyncCBDispatcher") {
		return nil
	}
	return fmt.Errorf("callback not executed from dispatcher:\n %s", strStacks)
}

func isAsyncDispatcherRunning() bool {
	strStacks := getStacks(true)
	return strings.Contains(strStacks, "asyncCBDispatcher")
}

func TestCallbacksOrder(t *testing.T) {
	authS, authSOpts := RunServerWithConfig("./configs/tls.conf")
	defer authS.Shutdown()

	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	firstDisconnect := true
	dtime1 := time.Time{}
	dtime2 := time.Time{}
	rtime := time.Time{}
	atime1 := time.Time{}
	atime2 := time.Time{}
	ctime := time.Time{}

	cbErrors := make(chan error, 20)

	reconnected := make(chan bool)
	closed := make(chan bool)
	asyncErr := make(chan bool, 2)
	recvCh := make(chan bool, 2)
	recvCh1 := make(chan bool)
	recvCh2 := make(chan bool)

	dch := func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		if err := isRunningInAsyncCBDispatcher(); err != nil {
			cbErrors <- err
			return
		}
		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
		if firstDisconnect {
			firstDisconnect = false
			dtime1 = time.Now()
		} else {
			dtime2 = time.Now()
		}
	}

	rch := func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		if err := isRunningInAsyncCBDispatcher(); err != nil {
			cbErrors <- err
			reconnected <- true
			return
		}
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
		rtime = time.Now()
		reconnected <- true
	}

	ech := func(nc *nats.Conn, sub *nats.Subscription, err error) {
		if err := isRunningInAsyncCBDispatcher(); err != nil {
			cbErrors <- err
			asyncErr <- true
			return
		}
		if sub.Subject == "foo" {
			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
			atime1 = time.Now()
		} else {
			atime2 = time.Now()
		}
		asyncErr <- true
	}

	cch := func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		if err := isRunningInAsyncCBDispatcher(); err != nil {
			cbErrors <- err
			closed <- true
			return
		}
		ctime = time.Now()
		closed <- true
	}

	url := net.JoinHostPort(authSOpts.Host, strconv.Itoa(authSOpts.Port))
	url = "nats://" + url + "," + nats.DefaultURL

	nc, err := nats.Connect(url,
		nats.DisconnectHandler(dch),
		nats.ReconnectHandler(rch),
		nats.ClosedHandler(cch),
		nats.ErrorHandler(ech),
		nats.ReconnectWait(50*time.Millisecond),
		nats.ReconnectJitter(0, 0),
		nats.DontRandomize())

	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unable to connect: %v\n", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	ncp, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL,
		nats.ReconnectWait(50*time.Millisecond))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unable to connect: %v\n", err)
	}
	defer ncp.Close()

	// Wait to make sure that if we have closed (incorrectly) the
	// asyncCBDispatcher during the connect process, this is caught here.
	time.Sleep(time.Second)

	s.Shutdown()

	s = RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	if err := Wait(reconnected); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get the reconnected callback")
	}

	var sub1 *nats.Subscription
	var sub2 *nats.Subscription

	recv := func(m *nats.Msg) {
		// Signal that one message is received
		recvCh <- true

		// We will now block
		if m.Subject == "foo" {
			<-recvCh1
		} else {
			<-recvCh2
		}
		m.Sub.Unsubscribe()
	}

	sub1, err = nc.Subscribe("foo", recv)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unable to create subscription: %v\n", err)
	}
	sub1.SetPendingLimits(1, 100000)

	sub2, err = nc.Subscribe("bar", recv)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unable to create subscription: %v\n", err)
	}
	sub2.SetPendingLimits(1, 100000)

	nc.Flush()

	ncp.Publish("foo", []byte("test"))
	ncp.Publish("bar", []byte("test"))
	ncp.Flush()

	// Wait notification that message were received
	err = Wait(recvCh)
	if err == nil {
		err = Wait(recvCh)
	}
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not receive message")
	}

	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		ncp.Publish("foo", []byte("test"))
		ncp.Publish("bar", []byte("test"))
	}
	ncp.Flush()

	if err := Wait(asyncErr); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get the async callback")
	}
	if err := Wait(asyncErr); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get the async callback")
	}

	close(recvCh1)
	close(recvCh2)

	nc.Close()

	if err := Wait(closed); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get the close callback")
	}

	if len(cbErrors) > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("%v", <-cbErrors)
	}

	if (dtime1 == time.Time{}) || (dtime2 == time.Time{}) || (rtime == time.Time{}) || (atime1 == time.Time{}) || (atime2 == time.Time{}) || (ctime == time.Time{}) {
		t.Fatalf("Some callbacks did not fire:\n%v\n%v\n%v\n%v\n%v\n%v", dtime1, rtime, atime1, atime2, dtime2, ctime)
	}

	if rtime.Before(dtime1) || dtime2.Before(rtime) || atime2.Before(atime1) || ctime.Before(atime2) {
		t.Fatalf("Wrong callback order:\n%v\n%v\n%v\n%v\n%v\n%v", dtime1, rtime, atime1, atime2, dtime2, ctime)
	}

	// Close the other connection
	ncp.Close()

	// Check that the go routine is gone. Allow plenty of time
	// to avoid flappers.
	timeout := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
	for time.Now().Before(timeout) {
		if !isAsyncDispatcherRunning() {
			// Good, we are done!
			return
		}
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
	}
	t.Fatalf("The async callback dispatcher(s) should have stopped")
}

func TestFlushReleaseOnClose(t *testing.T) {
	serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n"

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
	done := make(chan bool)

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
			return

		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))

		// Hang around until asked to quit
		<-done
	}()

	// Wait for server mock to start
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", addr.IP, addr.Port)
	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.AllowReconnect = false
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected INFO message with custom max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	// First try a FlushTimeout() and make sure we timeout
	if err := nc.FlushTimeout(50 * time.Millisecond); err == nil || err != nats.ErrTimeout {
		t.Fatalf("Expected a timeout error, got: %v", err)
	}

	go func() {
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
		nc.Close()
	}()

	if err := nc.Flush(); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("Expected error on Flush() released by Close()")
	}

	close(done)
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestMaxPendingOut(t *testing.T) {
	serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n"

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
	done := make(chan bool)
	cch := make(chan bool)

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))

		// Hang around until asked to quit
		<-done
	}()

	// Wait for server mock to start
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", addr.IP, addr.Port)
	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.PingInterval = 20 * time.Millisecond
	opts.MaxPingsOut = 2
	opts.AllowReconnect = false
	opts.ClosedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) { cch <- true }
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected INFO message with custom max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	// After 60 ms, we should have closed the connection
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	if err := Wait(cch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get ClosedCB")
	}
	if nc.LastError() != nats.ErrStaleConnection {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to get %v, got %v", nats.ErrStaleConnection, nc.LastError())
	}

	close(done)
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestErrInReadLoop(t *testing.T) {
	serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n"

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
	done := make(chan bool)
	cch := make(chan bool)

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))

		// Read (and ignore) the SUB from the client
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected SUB from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}

		// Send something that should make the subscriber fail.
		conn.Write([]byte("Ivan"))

		// Hang around until asked to quit
		<-done
	}()

	// Wait for server mock to start
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", addr.IP, addr.Port)
	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.AllowReconnect = false
	opts.ClosedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) { cch <- true }
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected INFO message with custom max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	received := int64(0)

	nc.Subscribe("foo", func(_ *nats.Msg) {
		atomic.AddInt64(&received, 1)
	})

	if err := Wait(cch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get ClosedCB")
	}

	recv := int(atomic.LoadInt64(&received))
	if recv != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Should not have received messages, got: %d", recv)
	}

	close(done)
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestErrStaleConnection(t *testing.T) {
	serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n"

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
	done := make(chan bool)
	dch := make(chan bool)
	rch := make(chan bool)
	cch := make(chan bool)
	sch := make(chan bool)

	firstDisconnect := true

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
			conn, err := l.Accept()
			if err != nil {
				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
				return
			}
			defer conn.Close()
			info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port)
			conn.Write([]byte(info))

			// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
			br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
			if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
				return
			}
			if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
				errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
				return
			}
			conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))

			if i == 0 {
				// Wait a tiny, and simulate a Stale Connection
				time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
				conn.Write([]byte("-ERR 'Stale Connection'\r\n"))

				// The client should try to reconnect. When getting the
				// disconnected callback, it will close this channel.
				<-sch

				// Close the connection and go back to accept the new
				// connection.
				conn.Close()
			} else {
				// Hang around a bit
				<-done
			}
		}
	}()

	// Wait for server mock to start
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", addr.IP, addr.Port)
	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.AllowReconnect = true
	opts.DisconnectedErrCB = func(_ *nats.Conn, _ error) {
		// Interested only in the first disconnect cb
		if firstDisconnect {
			firstDisconnect = false
			close(sch)
			dch <- true
		}
	}
	opts.ReconnectedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) { rch <- true }
	opts.ClosedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) { cch <- true }
	opts.ReconnectWait = 20 * time.Millisecond
	nats.ReconnectJitter(0, 0)(&opts)
	opts.MaxReconnect = 100
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected INFO message with custom max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	// We should first gets disconnected
	if err := Wait(dch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get DisconnectedErrCB")
	}

	// Then reconneted..
	if err := Wait(rch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get ReconnectedCB")
	}

	// Now close the connection
	nc.Close()

	// We should get the closed cb
	if err := Wait(cch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get ClosedCB")
	}

	close(done)
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestServerErrorClosesConnection(t *testing.T) {
	serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n"

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
	done := make(chan bool)
	dch := make(chan bool)
	cch := make(chan bool)

	serverSentError := "Any Error"
	reconnected := int64(0)

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		br := bufio.NewReaderSize(conn, 1024)
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		if _, err := br.ReadString('\n'); err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected PING from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))

		// Wait a tiny, and simulate a Stale Connection
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
		conn.Write([]byte("-ERR '" + serverSentError + "'\r\n"))

		// Hang around a bit
		<-done
	}()

	// Wait for server mock to start
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)

	natsURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", addr.IP, addr.Port)
	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.AllowReconnect = true
	opts.DisconnectedErrCB = func(_ *nats.Conn, _ error) { dch <- true }
	opts.ReconnectedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) { atomic.AddInt64(&reconnected, 1) }
	opts.ClosedCB = func(_ *nats.Conn) { cch <- true }
	opts.ReconnectWait = 20 * time.Millisecond
	nats.ReconnectJitter(0, 0)(&opts)
	opts.MaxReconnect = 100
	opts.Servers = []string{natsURL}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected INFO message with custom max payload, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	// The server sends an error that should cause the client to simply close
	// the connection.

	// We should first gets disconnected
	if err := Wait(dch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get DisconnectedErrCB")
	}

	// We should get the closed cb
	if err := Wait(cch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to get ClosedCB")
	}

	// We should not have been reconnected
	if atomic.LoadInt64(&reconnected) != 0 {
		t.Fatal("ReconnectedCB should not have been invoked")
	}

	// Check LastError(), it should be "nats: <server error in lower case>"
	lastErr := nc.LastError().Error()
	expectedErr := "nats: " + serverSentError
	if lastErr != expectedErr {
		t.Fatalf("Expected error: '%v', got '%v'", expectedErr, lastErr)
	}

	close(done)
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestUseDefaultTimeout(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	opts := &nats.Options{
		Servers: []string{nats.DefaultURL},
	}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()
	if nc.Opts.Timeout != nats.DefaultTimeout {
		t.Fatalf("Expected Timeout to be set to %v, got %v", nats.DefaultTimeout, nc.Opts.Timeout)
	}
}

func TestLastErrorNoRace(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	// Access LastError in disconnection and closed handlers to make sure
	// that there is no race. It is possible in some cases that
	// nc.LastError() returns a non nil error. We don't care here about the
	// returned value.
	dch := func(c *nats.Conn) {
		c.LastError()
	}
	closedCh := make(chan struct{})
	cch := func(c *nats.Conn) {
		c.LastError()
		closedCh <- struct{}{}
	}
	nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL,
		nats.DisconnectHandler(dch),
		nats.ClosedHandler(cch),
		nats.MaxReconnects(-1),
		nats.ReconnectWait(5*time.Millisecond),
		nats.ReconnectJitter(0, 0))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unable to connect: %v\n", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	// Restart the server several times to trigger a reconnection.
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		s.Shutdown()
		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
		s = RunDefaultServer()
	}
	nc.Close()
	s.Shutdown()
	select {
	case <-closedCh:
	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
		t.Fatal("Timeout waiting for the closed callback")
	}
}

type customDialer struct {
	ch chan bool
}

func (cd *customDialer) Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
	cd.ch <- true
	return nil, fmt.Errorf("on purpose")
}

func TestUseCustomDialer(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	dialer := &net.Dialer{
		Timeout:       10 * time.Second,
		FallbackDelay: -1,
	}
	opts := &nats.Options{
		Servers: []string{nats.DefaultURL},
		Dialer:  dialer,
	}
	nc, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()
	if nc.Opts.Dialer != dialer {
		t.Fatalf("Expected Dialer to be set to %v, got %v", dialer, nc.Opts.Dialer)
	}

	// Should be possible to set via variadic func based Option setter
	dialer2 := &net.Dialer{
		Timeout:       5 * time.Second,
		FallbackDelay: -1,
	}
	nc2, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL, nats.Dialer(dialer2))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc2.Close()
	if nc2.Opts.Dialer.FallbackDelay > 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Expected for dialer to be customized to disable dual stack support")
	}

	// By default, dialer still uses the DefaultTimeout
	nc3, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc3.Close()
	if nc3.Opts.Dialer.Timeout != nats.DefaultTimeout {
		t.Fatalf("Expected Dialer.Timeout to be set to %v, got %v", nats.DefaultTimeout, nc.Opts.Dialer.Timeout)
	}

	// Create custom dialer that return error on Dial().
	cdialer := &customDialer{ch: make(chan bool, 10)}

	// When both Dialer and CustomDialer are set, CustomDialer
	// should take precedence. That means that the connection
	// should fail for these two set of options.
	options := []*nats.Options{
		{Dialer: dialer, CustomDialer: cdialer},
		{CustomDialer: cdialer},
	}
	for _, o := range options {
		o.Servers = []string{nats.DefaultURL}
		nc, err := o.Connect()
		// As of now, Connect() would not return the actual dialer error,
		// instead it returns "no server available for connections".
		// So use go channel to ensure that custom dialer's Dial() method
		// was invoked.
		if err == nil {
			if nc != nil {
				nc.Close()
			}
			t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
		}
		if err := Wait(cdialer.ch); err != nil {
			t.Fatal("Did not get our notification")
		}
	}
	// Same with variadic
	foptions := [][]nats.Option{
		{nats.Dialer(dialer), nats.SetCustomDialer(cdialer)},
		{nats.SetCustomDialer(cdialer)},
	}
	for _, fos := range foptions {
		nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL, fos...)
		if err == nil {
			if nc != nil {
				nc.Close()
			}
			t.Fatal("Expected error, got none")
		}
		if err := Wait(cdialer.ch); err != nil {
			t.Fatal("Did not get our notification")
		}
	}
}

func TestDefaultOptionsDialer(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	opts1 := nats.DefaultOptions
	opts2 := nats.DefaultOptions

	nc1, err := opts1.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc1.Close()

	nc2, err := opts2.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc2.Close()

	if nc1.Opts.Dialer == nc2.Opts.Dialer {
		t.Fatalf("Expected each connection to have its own dialer")
	}
}

type lowWriteBufferDialer struct{}

func (d *lowWriteBufferDialer) Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
	c, err := net.Dial(network, address)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c.(*net.TCPConn).SetWriteBuffer(100)
	return c, nil
}

func TestCustomFlusherTimeout(t *testing.T) {
	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
		t.SkipNow()
	}
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	// Reasonably large flusher timeout will not induce errors
	// when we can flush fast
	nc1, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL, nats.FlusherTimeout(10*time.Second))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to be able to connect, got: %s", err)
	}
	doneCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)
	// We want to have a payload size that is big enough so that after
	// few publish, the socket buffer will be full and produce the timeout.
	// Since we try to produce the error in the flusher and not the publish
	// call itself, use a size that is a bit less than the internal
	// buffer used by the library.
	payloadBytes := make([]byte, 32*1024-200)

	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wg.Add(2)
	go func() {
		defer wg.Done()
		for {
			select {
			case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
				err := nc1.Publish("hello", payloadBytes)
				if err != nil {
					errCh <- err
					return
				}
			case <-doneCh:
				return
			}
		}
	}()
	defer nc1.Close()

	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)

	fsDoneCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)
	fsErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		defer wg.Done()

		serverInfo := "INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":%d}\r\n"
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			fsErrCh <- err
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		// Make it small on purpose
		if err := conn.(*net.TCPConn).SetReadBuffer(1024); err != nil {
			fsErrCh <- err
			return
		}

		info := fmt.Sprintf(serverInfo, addr.IP, addr.Port, 1024*1024)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		line := make([]byte, 100)
		_, err = conn.Read(line)
		if err != nil {
			fsErrCh <- fmt.Errorf("Expected CONNECT and PING from client, got: %v", err)
			return
		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))

		// Don't consume anything at this point and wait to be notified
		// that we are done.
		<-fsDoneCh
		fsErrCh <- nil
	}()

	nc2, err := nats.Connect(
		// URL to fake server
		fmt.Sprintf("nats://127.0.0.1:%d", addr.Port),
		// Use custom dialer so we can set write buffer to low value
		nats.SetCustomDialer(&lowWriteBufferDialer{}),
		// Use short flusher timeout to trigger the error
		nats.FlusherTimeout(15*time.Millisecond),
		// Make sure the library does not close connection due
		// to pings for this test.
		nats.PingInterval(20*time.Second),
		// No reconnect
		nats.NoReconnect(),
		// Notify when connection lost
		nats.ClosedHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			doneCh <- struct{}{}
		}),
		// Use error handler to silence the stderr output
		nats.ErrorHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn, _ *nats.Subscription, _ error) {
		}))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected to be able to connect, got: %s", err)
	}
	defer nc2.Close()

	var (
		pubErr error
		nc2Err error
		tm     = time.NewTimer(5 * time.Second)
	)

forLoop:
	for {
		select {
		case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
			// We are trying to get the flusher to report the error, but it
			// is possible that the Publish() call itself flushes and we don't
			// want to fail the test for that.
			pubErr = nc2.Publish("world", payloadBytes)
			nc2Err = nc2.LastError()
			if nc2Err != nil {
				break forLoop
			}
		case <-tm.C:
			// We got an error, but not from flusher. Don't fail yet. Will check
			// if this is a timeout error as expected.
			if pubErr != nil {
				break forLoop
			}
			t.Fatalf("Timeout publishing messages")
		}
	}

	// Notify fake server that it can stop
	close(fsDoneCh)

	// Wait for go routines to end
	wg.Wait()

	// Make sure there were no error in the fake server
	if err := <-fsErrCh; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Fake server reported: %v", err)
	}

	// One of those two are guaranteed to be set.
	err = nc2Err
	if err == nil {
		err = pubErr
	}
	// Check that error is a timeout error as expected.
	ope, ok := err.(*net.OpError)
	if !ok {
		t.Fatalf("expected a net.Error, got %v", err)
	}
	if !ope.Timeout() {
		t.Fatalf("expected a timeout, got %v", err)
	}
	if ope.Op != "write" {
		t.Fatalf("expected a write error, got %v", err)
	}

	// Check that there is no error from nc1
	select {
	case e := <-errCh:
		t.Fatal(e)
	default:
	}
}

func TestNewServers(t *testing.T) {
	s1Opts := test.DefaultTestOptions
	s1Opts.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	s1Opts.Port = 4222
	s1Opts.Cluster.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	s1Opts.Cluster.Port = 6222
	s1 := test.RunServer(&s1Opts)
	defer s1.Shutdown()

	s2Opts := test.DefaultTestOptions
	s2Opts.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	s2Opts.Port = 4223
	s2Opts.Port = s1Opts.Port + 1
	s2Opts.Cluster.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	s2Opts.Cluster.Port = 6223
	s2Opts.Routes = server.RoutesFromStr("nats://127.0.0.1:6222")
	s2 := test.RunServer(&s2Opts)
	defer s2.Shutdown()

	ch := make(chan bool)
	cb := func(_ *nats.Conn) {
		ch <- true
	}
	url := fmt.Sprintf("nats://%s:%d", s1Opts.Host, s1Opts.Port)
	nc1, err := nats.Connect(url, nats.DiscoveredServersHandler(cb))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc1.Close()

	nc2, err := nats.Connect(url)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc2.Close()
	nc2.SetDiscoveredServersHandler(cb)

	opts := nats.GetDefaultOptions()
	opts.Url = nats.DefaultURL
	opts.DiscoveredServersCB = cb
	nc3, err := opts.Connect()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc3.Close()

	// Make sure that handler is not invoked on initial connect.
	select {
	case <-ch:
		t.Fatalf("Handler should not have been invoked")
	case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
	}

	// Start a new server.
	s3Opts := test.DefaultTestOptions
	s1Opts.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	s1Opts.Port = 4224
	s3Opts.Port = s2Opts.Port + 1
	s3Opts.Cluster.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	s3Opts.Cluster.Port = 6224
	s3Opts.Routes = server.RoutesFromStr("nats://127.0.0.1:6222")
	s3 := test.RunServer(&s3Opts)
	defer s3.Shutdown()

	// The callbacks should have been invoked
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get our callback")
	}
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get our callback")
	}
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not get our callback")
	}
}

func TestBarrier(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	nc := NewDefaultConnection(t)
	defer nc.Close()

	pubMsgs := int32(0)
	ch := make(chan bool, 1)

	sub1, err := nc.Subscribe("pub", func(_ *nats.Msg) {
		atomic.AddInt32(&pubMsgs, 1)
		time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}

	sub2, err := nc.Subscribe("close", func(_ *nats.Msg) {
		// The "close" message was sent/received lat, but
		// because we are dealing with different subscriptions,
		// which are dispatched by different dispatchers, and
		// because the "pub" subscription is delayed, this
		// callback is likely to be invoked before the sub1's
		// second callback is invoked. Using the Barrier call
		// here will ensure that the given function will be invoked
		// after the preceding messages have been dispatched.
		nc.Barrier(func() {
			res := atomic.LoadInt32(&pubMsgs) == 2
			ch <- res
		})
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}

	// Send 2 "pub" messages followed by a "close" message
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		if err := nc.Publish("pub", []byte("pub msg")); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
		}
	}
	if err := nc.Publish("close", []byte("closing")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
	}

	select {
	case ok := <-ch:
		if !ok {
			t.Fatal("The barrier function was invoked before the second message")
		}
	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
		t.Fatal("Waited for too long...")
	}

	// Remove all subs
	sub1.Unsubscribe()
	sub2.Unsubscribe()

	// Barrier should be invoked in place. Since we use buffered channel
	// we are ok.
	nc.Barrier(func() { ch <- true })
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier function was not invoked")
	}

	if _, err := nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
		// To check that the Barrier() function works if the subscription
		// is unsubscribed after the call was made, sleep a bit here.
		time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
		m.Sub.Unsubscribe()
	}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Publish("foo", []byte("hello")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
	}
	// We need to Flush here to make sure that message has been received
	// and posted to subscription's internal queue before calling Barrier.
	if err := nc.Flush(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on flush: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Barrier(func() { ch <- true })
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier function was not invoked")
	}

	// Test with AutoUnsubscribe now...
	sub1, err = nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
		// Since we auto-unsubscribe with 1, there should not be another
		// invocation of this callback, but the Barrier should still be
		// invoked.
		nc.Barrier(func() { ch <- true })

	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	sub1.AutoUnsubscribe(1)
	// Send 2 messages and flush
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		if err := nc.Publish("foo", []byte("hello")); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
		}
	}
	if err := nc.Flush(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on flush: %v", err)
	}
	// Check barrier was invoked
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier function was not invoked")
	}

	// Check that Barrier only affects asynchronous subscriptions
	sub1, err = nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
		nc.Barrier(func() { ch <- true })
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	syncSub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	msgChan := make(chan *nats.Msg, 1)
	chanSub, err := nc.ChanSubscribe("foo", msgChan)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Publish("foo", []byte("hello")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Flush(); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on flush: %v", err)
	}
	// Check barrier was invoked even if we did not yet consume
	// from the 2 other type of subscriptions
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier function was not invoked")
	}
	if _, err := syncSub.NextMsg(time.Second); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Sync sub did not receive the message")
	}
	select {
	case <-msgChan:
	case <-time.After(time.Second):
		t.Fatal("Chan sub did not receive the message")
	}
	chanSub.Unsubscribe()
	syncSub.Unsubscribe()
	sub1.Unsubscribe()

	atomic.StoreInt32(&pubMsgs, 0)
	// Check barrier does not prevent new messages to be delivered.
	sub1, err = nc.Subscribe("foo", func(_ *nats.Msg) {
		if pm := atomic.AddInt32(&pubMsgs, 1); pm == 1 {
			nc.Barrier(func() {
				nc.Publish("foo", []byte("second"))
				nc.Flush()
			})
		} else if pm == 2 {
			ch <- true
		}
	})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Publish("foo", []byte("first")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
	}
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier function was not invoked")
	}
	sub1.Unsubscribe()

	// Check that barrier works if called before connection
	// is closed.
	if _, err := nc.Subscribe("bar", func(_ *nats.Msg) {
		nc.Barrier(func() { ch <- true })
		nc.Close()
	}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Publish("bar", []byte("hello")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
	}
	// This could fail if the connection is closed before we get
	// here.
	nc.Flush()
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier function was not invoked")
	}

	// Finally, check that if connection is closed, Barrier returns
	// an error.
	if err := nc.Barrier(func() { ch <- true }); err != nats.ErrConnectionClosed {
		t.Fatalf("Expected error %v, got %v", nats.ErrConnectionClosed, err)
	}

	// Check that one can call connection methods from Barrier
	// when there is no async subscriptions
	nc = NewDefaultConnection(t)
	defer nc.Close()

	if err := nc.Barrier(func() {
		ch <- nc.TLSRequired()
	}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on Barrier: %v", err)
	}
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Barrier was blocked")
	}
}

func TestReceiveInfoRightAfterFirstPong(t *testing.T) {
	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on listen: %v", err)
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()
	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)

	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wg.Add(1)
	go func() {
		defer wg.Done()

		c, err := tl.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			return
		}
		defer c.Close()
		// Send the initial INFO
		c.Write([]byte("INFO {}\r\n"))
		buf := make([]byte, 0, 100)
		b := make([]byte, 100)
		for {
			n, err := c.Read(b)
			if err != nil {
				return
			}
			buf = append(buf, b[:n]...)
			if bytes.Contains(buf, []byte("PING\r\n")) {
				break
			}
		}
		// Send PONG and following INFO in one go (or at least try).
		// The processing of PONG in sendConnect() should leave the
		// rest for the readLoop to process.
		c.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("PONG\r\nINFO {\"connect_urls\":[\"127.0.0.1:%d\", \"me:1\"]}\r\n", addr.Port)))
		// Wait for client to disconnect
		for {
			if _, err := c.Read(buf); err != nil {
				return
			}
		}
	}()

	nc, err := nats.Connect(fmt.Sprintf("nats://127.0.0.1:%d", addr.Port))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()
	var (
		ds      []string
		timeout = time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
		ok      = false
	)
	for time.Now().Before(timeout) {
		ds = nc.DiscoveredServers()
		if len(ds) == 1 && ds[0] == "nats://me:1" {
			ok = true
			break
		}
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
	}
	nc.Close()
	wg.Wait()
	if !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected discovered servers: %v", ds)
	}
}

func TestReceiveInfoWithEmptyConnectURLs(t *testing.T) {
	ready := make(chan error, 2)
	ch := make(chan bool, 1)
	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wg.Add(1)

	go func() {
		defer wg.Done()

		ports := []int{4222, 4223}
		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
			l, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", ports[i]))
			if err != nil {
				ready <- fmt.Errorf("error on listen: %v", err)
				return
			}
			tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
			defer tl.Close()

			ready <- nil

			c, err := tl.Accept()
			if err != nil {
				return
			}
			defer c.Close()

			// Send the initial INFO
			c.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("INFO {\"server_id\":\"server%d\"}\r\n", (i + 1))))
			buf := make([]byte, 0, 100)
			b := make([]byte, 100)
			for {
				n, err := c.Read(b)
				if err != nil {
					return
				}
				buf = append(buf, b[:n]...)
				if bytes.Contains(buf, []byte("PING\r\n")) {
					break
				}
			}
			if i == 0 {
				// Send PONG and following INFO in one go (or at least try).
				// The processing of PONG in sendConnect() should leave the
				// rest for the readLoop to process.
				c.Write([]byte("PONG\r\nINFO {\"server_id\":\"server1\",\"connect_urls\":[\"127.0.0.1:4222\", \"127.0.0.1:4223\", \"127.0.0.1:4224\"]}\r\n"))
				// Wait for the notication
				<-ch
				// Close the connection in our side and go back into accept
				c.Close()
			} else {
				// Send no connect ULRs (as if this was an older server that could in some cases
				// send an empty array)
				c.Write([]byte("PONG\r\nINFO {\"server_id\":\"server2\"}\r\n"))
				// Wait for client to disconnect
				for {
					if _, err := c.Read(buf); err != nil {
						return
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}()

	// Wait for listener to be up and running
	e := <-ready
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal(e.Error())
	}

	rch := make(chan bool)
	nc, err := nats.Connect("nats://127.0.0.1:4222",
		nats.ReconnectWait(50*time.Millisecond),
		nats.ReconnectJitter(0, 0),
		nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			rch <- true
		}))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()
	var (
		ds      []string
		timeout = time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
		ok      = false
	)
	for time.Now().Before(timeout) {
		ds = nc.DiscoveredServers()
		if len(ds) == 2 {
			if (ds[0] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4223" && ds[1] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4224") ||
				(ds[0] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4224" && ds[1] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4223") {
				ok = true
				break
			}
		}
		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
	}
	if !ok {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected discovered servers: %v", ds)
	}
	// Make the server close our connection
	ch <- true
	// Wait for the reconnect
	if err := Wait(rch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not reconnect")
	}
	// Discovered servers should still contain nats://me:1
	ds = nc.DiscoveredServers()
	if len(ds) != 2 ||
		!((ds[0] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4223" && ds[1] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4224") ||
			(ds[0] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4224" && ds[1] == "nats://127.0.0.1:4223")) {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected discovered servers list: %v", ds)
	}
	nc.Close()
	wg.Wait()
}

func TestConnectWithSimplifiedURLs(t *testing.T) {
	urls := []string{
		"nats://127.0.0.1:4222",
		"nats://127.0.0.1:",
		"nats://127.0.0.1",
		"127.0.0.1:",
		"127.0.0.1",
	}

	connect := func(t *testing.T, url string, useRootCA bool) {
		t.Helper()
		var opt nats.Option
		if useRootCA {
			opt = nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem")
		}
		nc, err := nats.Connect(url, opt)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("URL %q expected to connect, got %v", url, err)
		}
		nc.Close()
	}

	// Start a server that listens on default port 4222.
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	// Try for every connection in the urls array.
	for _, u := range urls {
		connect(t, u, false)
	}

	s.Shutdown()

	// Use this to build the options for us...
	s, opts := RunServerWithConfig("configs/tls.conf")
	s.Shutdown()
	// Now change listen port to 4222 and remove auth
	opts.Port = 4222
	opts.Username = ""
	opts.Password = ""
	// and restart the server
	s = RunServerWithOptions(*opts)
	defer s.Shutdown()

	// Test again against a server that wants TLS and check
	// that we automatically switch to Secure.
	for _, u := range urls {
		connect(t, u, true)
	}
}

func TestNilOpts(t *testing.T) {
	s := RunDefaultServer()
	defer s.Shutdown()

	// Test a single nil option
	var o1, o2, o3 nats.Option
	nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL, o1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error with one nil option: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()

	// Test nil, opt, nil
	o2 = nats.ReconnectBufSize(2222)
	nc, err = nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL, o1, o2, o3)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error with multiple nil options: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()
	// check that the opt was set
	if nc.Opts.ReconnectBufSize != 2222 {
		t.Fatal("Unexpected error: option not set.")
	}
}

func TestGetClientID(t *testing.T) {
	if serverVersionAtLeast(1, 2, 0) != nil {
		t.SkipNow()
	}
	optsA := test.DefaultTestOptions
	optsA.Port = -1
	optsA.Cluster.Port = -1
	optsA.Cluster.Name = "test"

	srvA := RunServerWithOptions(optsA)
	defer srvA.Shutdown()

	ch := make(chan bool, 1)
	nc1, err := nats.Connect(srvA.ClientURL(),
		nats.DiscoveredServersHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			ch <- true
		}),
		nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			ch <- true
		}))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc1.Close()

	cid, err := nc1.GetClientID()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error getting CID: %v", err)
	}
	if cid == 0 {
		t.Fatal("Unexpected cid value, make sure server is 1.2.0+")
	}

	// Start a second server and verify that async INFO contains client ID
	optsB := test.DefaultTestOptions
	optsB.Port = -1
	optsB.Cluster.Port = -1
	optsB.Cluster.Name = "test"

	optsB.Routes = server.RoutesFromStr(fmt.Sprintf("nats://127.0.0.1:%d", srvA.ClusterAddr().Port))
	srvB := RunServerWithOptions(optsB)
	defer srvB.Shutdown()

	// Wait for the discovered callback to fire
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not fire the discovered callback")
	}
	// Now check CID should be valid and same as before
	newCID, err := nc1.GetClientID()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error getting CID: %v", err)
	}
	if newCID != cid {
		t.Fatalf("Expected CID to be %v, got %v", cid, newCID)
	}

	// Create a client to server B
	nc2, err := nats.Connect(srvB.ClientURL())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc2.Close()

	// Stop server A, nc1 will reconnect to B, and should have different CID
	srvA.Shutdown()
	// Wait for nc1 to reconnect
	if err := Wait(ch); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Did not reconnect")
	}
	newCID, err = nc1.GetClientID()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error getting CID: %v", err)
	}
	if newCID == 0 {
		t.Fatal("Unexpected cid value, make sure server is 1.2.0+")
	}
	if newCID == cid {
		t.Fatalf("Expected different CID since server already had a client")
	}
	nc1.Close()
	newCID, err = nc1.GetClientID()
	if err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected error, got none")
	}
	if newCID != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Expected 0 on connection closed, got %v", newCID)
	}

	// Stop clients and remaining server
	nc1.Close()
	nc2.Close()
	srvB.Shutdown()

	// Now have dummy server that returns no CID and check we get expected error.
	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
	if e != nil {
		t.Fatal("Could not listen on an ephemeral port")
	}
	tl := l.(*net.TCPListener)
	defer tl.Close()

	addr := tl.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)

	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
	wg.Add(1)
	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		defer wg.Done()
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("error accepting client connection: %v", err)
			return
		}
		defer conn.Close()
		info := fmt.Sprintf("INFO {\"server_id\":\"foobar\",\"host\":\"%s\",\"port\":%d,\"auth_required\":false,\"tls_required\":false,\"max_payload\":1048576}\r\n", addr.IP, addr.Port)
		conn.Write([]byte(info))

		// Read connect and ping commands sent from the client
		line := make([]byte, 256)
		_, err = conn.Read(line)
		if err != nil {
			errCh <- fmt.Errorf("expected CONNECT and PING from client, got: %s", err)
			return
		}
		conn.Write([]byte("PONG\r\n"))
		// Now wait to be notified that we can finish
		<-ch
	}()

	nc, err := nats.Connect(fmt.Sprintf("nats://127.0.0.1:%d", addr.Port))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	if cid, err := nc.GetClientID(); err != nats.ErrClientIDNotSupported || cid != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("Expected err=%v and cid=0, got err=%v and cid=%v", nats.ErrClientIDNotSupported, err, cid)
	}
	// Release fake server
	nc.Close()
	ch <- true
	wg.Wait()
	checkErrChannel(t, errCh)
}

func TestTLSDontSkipVerify(t *testing.T) {
	s, opts := RunServerWithConfig("./configs/tls_noip_a.conf")
	defer s.Shutdown()

	// Connect with nats:// prefix to a server that requires TLS.
	// The library will automatically switch to TLS, but we should
	// not skip hostname verification.
	sURL := fmt.Sprintf("nats://derek:porkchop@127.0.0.1:%d", opts.Port)
	nc, err := nats.Connect(sURL, nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	// Verify that error is about hostname verification
	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "IP SAN") {
		if nc != nil {
			nc.Close()
		}
		t.Fatalf("Expected error about hostname verification, got %v", err)
	}
	// Check that we can override skip verify by providing our own TLS Config.
	nc, err = nats.Connect(sURL, nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"),
		nats.Secure(&tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()

	// Now change the URL to include hostname and verify that using
	// nats:// scheme does work.
	sURL = fmt.Sprintf("nats://derek:porkchop@%s:%d", opts.Host, opts.Port)
	nc, err = nats.Connect(sURL, nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on connect: %v", err)
	}
	nc.Close()
}

func TestRetryOnFailedConnect(t *testing.T) {
	nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
	if err == nil {
		nc.Close()
		t.Fatal("Expected error, did not get one")
	}
	ch := make(chan bool, 1)
	dch := make(chan bool, 1)
	nc, err = nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL,
		nats.RetryOnFailedConnect(true),
		nats.MaxReconnects(-1),
		nats.ReconnectWait(15*time.Millisecond),
		nats.DisconnectErrHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn, _ error) {
			dch <- true
		}),
		nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			ch <- true
		}),
		nats.NoCallbacksAfterClientClose())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on subscribe: %v", err)
	}
	if err := nc.Publish("foo", []byte("msg")); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Error on publish: %v", err)
	}
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		// Start server now
		s := RunDefaultServer()
		defer s.Shutdown()

		var action string
		switch i {
		case 0:
			action = "connected"
		case 1:
			action = "reconnected"
		}

		// Wait for the reconnect CB which in this context means that we connected ok
		select {
		case <-ch:
		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
			t.Fatalf("Should have %s", action)
		}

		// Now make sure that the pub worked and sub worked.
		// We should receive the message we have published.
		if _, err := sub.NextMsg(time.Second); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("Iter=%v - did not receive message: %v", i, err)
		}

		// Check that normal disconnect/reconnect works as expected
		s.Shutdown()

		select {
		case <-dch:
		case <-time.After(time.Second):
			t.Fatal("Should have been disconnected")
		}

		if i == 0 {
			if err := nc.Publish("foo", []byte("msg")); err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("Iter=%v - error on publish: %v", i, err)
			}
		}
	}
	nc.Close()

	// Try again but this time we will restart a server with u/p and auth should fail.
	closedCh := make(chan bool, 1)
	nc, err = nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL,
		nats.RetryOnFailedConnect(true),
		nats.MaxReconnects(-1),
		nats.ReconnectWait(15*time.Millisecond),
		nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			ch <- true
		}),
		nats.ClosedHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			closedCh <- true
		}))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	o := test.DefaultTestOptions
	o.Host = "127.0.0.1"
	o.Port = 4222
	o.Username = "user"
	o.Password = "password"
	s := RunServerWithOptions(o)
	defer s.Shutdown()

	select {
	case <-closedCh:
	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
		t.Fatal("Should have stopped trying to connect due to auth failure")
	}
	// Make sure that we did not get the (re)connected CB
	select {
	case <-ch:
		t.Fatal("(re)connected callback should not have been invoked")
	default:
	}
}

func TestRetryOnFailedConnectWithTLSError(t *testing.T) {
	opts := test.DefaultTestOptions
	opts.Port = 4222
	tc := &server.TLSConfigOpts{
		CertFile: "./configs/certs/server.pem",
		KeyFile:  "./configs/certs/key.pem",
		CaFile:   "./configs/certs/ca.pem",
	}
	var err error
	if opts.TLSConfig, err = server.GenTLSConfig(tc); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Can't build TLCConfig: %v", err)
	}
	opts.TLSTimeout = 0.0001

	s := RunServerWithOptions(opts)
	defer s.Shutdown()

	ch := make(chan bool, 1)
	nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL,
		nats.Secure(&tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}),
		nats.RetryOnFailedConnect(true),
		nats.MaxReconnects(-1),
		nats.ReconnectWait(15*time.Millisecond),
		nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
			ch <- true
		}),
		nats.NoCallbacksAfterClientClose())
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Unexpected error: %v", err)
	}
	defer nc.Close()

	// Wait for several failed attempts
	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
	// Replace tls timeout to a reasonable value.
	s.Shutdown()
	opts.TLSTimeout = 2.0
	s = RunServerWithOptions(opts)
	defer s.Shutdown()

	select {
	case <-ch:
	case <-time.After(time.Second):
		t.Fatal("Should have connected")
	}
}