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<html><head>
<title>workspaces</title>
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<div class="title">
npm command-line interface
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section id="content">
<header class="title">
<h1 id="workspaces">workspaces</h1>
<span class="description">Working with workspaces</span>
</header>
<section id="table_of_contents">
<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#installing-workspaces">Installing workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#using-workspaces">Using workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#running-commands-in-the-context-of-workspaces">Running commands in the context of workspaces</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See also</a></li></ul></div>
</section>
<div id="_content"><h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p><strong>Workspaces</strong> is a generic term that refers to the set of features in the
npm cli that provides support to managing multiple packages from your local
files system from within a singular top-level, root package.</p>
<p>This set of features makes up for a much more streamlined workflow handling
linked packages from the local file system. Automating the linking process
as part of <code>npm install</code> and avoiding manually having to use <code>npm link</code> in
order to add references to packages that should be symlinked into the current
<code>node_modules</code> folder.</p>
<p>We also refer to these packages being auto-symlinked during <code>npm install</code> as a
single <strong>workspace</strong>, meaning it’s a nested package within the current local
file system that is explicitly defined in the <a href="../configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces.html"><code>package.json</code></a>
<code>workspaces</code> configuration.</p>
<h3 id="installing-workspaces">Installing workspaces</h3>
<p>Workspaces are usually defined via the <code>workspaces</code> property of the
<a href="../configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces.html"><code>package.json</code></a> file, e.g:</p>
<pre lang="json"><code>{
"name": "my-workspaces-powered-project",
"workspaces": [
"workspace-a"
]
}
</code></pre>
<p>Given the above <code>package.json</code> example living at a current working
directory <code>.</code> that contains a folder named <code>workspace-a</code> that disposes
of a <code>package.json</code> inside it, defining a nodejs package, e.g:</p>
<pre><code>.
+-- package.json
`-- workspace-a
`-- package.json
</code></pre>
<p>The expected result once running <code>npm install</code> in this current working
directory <code>.</code> is that the folder <code>workspace-a</code> will get symlinked to the
<code>node_modules</code> folder of the current working dir.</p>
<p>Below is a post <code>npm install</code> example, given that same previous example
structure of files and folders:</p>
<pre><code>.
+-- node_modules
| `-- workspace-a -> ../workspace-a
+-- package-lock.json
+-- package.json
`-- workspace-a
`-- package.json
</code></pre>
<h3 id="using-workspaces">Using workspaces</h3>
<p>Given the <a href="https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v14.x/docs/api/modules.html#modules_all_together">specifities of how Node.js handles module resolution</a> it’s possible to consume any defined workspace
by it’s declared <code>package.json</code> <code>name</code>. Continuing from the example defined
above, let’s also create a Node.js script that will require the <code>workspace-a</code>
example module, e.g:</p>
<pre><code>// ./workspace-a/index.js
module.exports = 'a'
// ./lib/index.js
const moduleA = require('workspace-a')
console.log(moduleA) // -> a
</code></pre>
<p>When running it with:</p>
<p><code>node lib/index.js</code></p>
<p>This demonstrates how the nature of <code>node_modules</code> resolution allows for
<strong>workspaces</strong> to enable a portable workflow for requiring each <strong>workspace</strong>
in such a way that is also easy to <a href="../commands/npm-publish.html">publish</a> these
nested workspaces to be consumed elsewhere.</p>
<h3 id="running-commands-in-the-context-of-workspaces">Running commands in the context of workspaces</h3>
<p>You can use the <code>workspace</code> configuration option to run commands in the context
of a configured workspace.</p>
<p>Following is a quick example on how to use the <code>npm run</code> command in the context
of nested workspaces. For a project containing multiple workspaces, e.g:</p>
<pre><code>.
+-- package.json
`-- packages
+-- a
| `-- package.json
`-- b
`-- package.json
</code></pre>
<p>By running a command using the <code>workspace</code> option, it’s possible to run the
given command in the context of that specific workspace. e.g:</p>
<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=a
</code></pre>
<p>This will run the <code>test</code> script defined within the
<code>./packages/a/package.json</code> file.</p>
<p>Please note that you can also specify this argument multiple times in the
command-line in order to target multiple workspaces, e.g:</p>
<pre><code>npm run test --workspace=a --workspace=b
</code></pre>
<p>It’s also possible to use the <code>workspaces</code> (plural) configuration option to
enable the same behavior but running that command in the context of <strong>all</strong>
configured workspaces. e.g:</p>
<pre><code>npm run test --workspaces
</code></pre>
<p>Will run the <code>test</code> script in both <code>./packages/a</code> and <code>./packages/b</code>.</p>
<h3 id="see-also">See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-install.html">npm install</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-publish.html">npm publish</a></li>
<li><a href="../commands/npm-run-script.html">npm run-script</a></li>
</ul>
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