diff --git a/src/node_api.cc b/src/node_api.cc
index 90ec85e65149dc..1a2bf75c63b3bc 100644
--- a/src/node_api.cc
+++ b/src/node_api.cc
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ struct napi_env__ {
   v8::Persistent<v8::ObjectTemplate> accessor_data_template;
   bool has_instance_available;
   napi_extended_error_info last_error;
+  int open_handle_scopes = 0;
 };
 
 #define ENV_OBJECT_TEMPLATE(env, prefix, destination, field_count) \
@@ -508,12 +509,16 @@ class CallbackWrapperBase : public CallbackWrapper {
     // Make sure any errors encountered last time we were in N-API are gone.
     napi_clear_last_error(env);
 
+    int open_handle_scopes = env->open_handle_scopes;
+
     napi_value result = cb(env, cbinfo_wrapper);
 
     if (result != nullptr) {
       this->SetReturnValue(result);
     }
 
+    CHECK_EQ(env->open_handle_scopes, open_handle_scopes);
+
     if (!env->last_exception.IsEmpty()) {
       isolate->ThrowException(
           v8::Local<v8::Value>::New(isolate, env->last_exception));
@@ -2587,6 +2592,7 @@ napi_status napi_open_handle_scope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope* result) {
 
   *result = v8impl::JsHandleScopeFromV8HandleScope(
       new v8impl::HandleScopeWrapper(env->isolate));
+  env->open_handle_scopes++;
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
@@ -2595,7 +2601,11 @@ napi_status napi_close_handle_scope(napi_env env, napi_handle_scope scope) {
   // JS exceptions.
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, scope);
+  if (env->open_handle_scopes == 0) {
+    return napi_handle_scope_mismatch;
+  }
 
+  env->open_handle_scopes--;
   delete v8impl::V8HandleScopeFromJsHandleScope(scope);
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
@@ -2610,6 +2620,7 @@ napi_status napi_open_escapable_handle_scope(
 
   *result = v8impl::JsEscapableHandleScopeFromV8EscapableHandleScope(
       new v8impl::EscapableHandleScopeWrapper(env->isolate));
+  env->open_handle_scopes++;
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
@@ -2620,8 +2631,12 @@ napi_status napi_close_escapable_handle_scope(
   // JS exceptions.
   CHECK_ENV(env);
   CHECK_ARG(env, scope);
+  if (env->open_handle_scopes == 0) {
+    return napi_handle_scope_mismatch;
+  }
 
   delete v8impl::V8EscapableHandleScopeFromJsEscapableHandleScope(scope);
+  env->open_handle_scopes--;
   return napi_clear_last_error(env);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/node_api_types.h b/src/node_api_types.h
index 574cb6ff984f16..230c1f4ae3446f 100644
--- a/src/node_api_types.h
+++ b/src/node_api_types.h
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ typedef enum {
   napi_generic_failure,
   napi_pending_exception,
   napi_cancelled,
-  napi_escape_called_twice
+  napi_escape_called_twice,
+  napi_handle_scope_mismatch
 } napi_status;
 
 typedef napi_value (*napi_callback)(napi_env env,
diff --git a/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test.js b/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test.js
index cb687d0bcbf413..53abfe178c8d7d 100644
--- a/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test.js
+++ b/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test.js
@@ -10,11 +10,7 @@ testHandleScope.NewScope();
 
 assert.ok(testHandleScope.NewScopeEscape() instanceof Object);
 
-assert.throws(
-  () => {
-    testHandleScope.NewScopeEscapeTwice();
-  },
-  Error);
+testHandleScope.NewScopeEscapeTwice();
 
 assert.throws(
   () => {
diff --git a/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test_handle_scope.c b/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test_handle_scope.c
index 353a8a44031221..102abb2be612f0 100644
--- a/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test_handle_scope.c
+++ b/test/addons-napi/test_handle_scope/test_handle_scope.c
@@ -33,13 +33,15 @@ napi_value NewScopeEscapeTwice(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
   napi_escapable_handle_scope scope;
   napi_value output = NULL;
   napi_value escapee = NULL;
+  napi_status status;
 
   NAPI_CALL(env, napi_open_escapable_handle_scope(env, &scope));
   NAPI_CALL(env, napi_create_object(env, &output));
   NAPI_CALL(env, napi_escape_handle(env, scope, output, &escapee));
-  NAPI_CALL(env, napi_escape_handle(env, scope, output, &escapee));
+  status = napi_escape_handle(env, scope, output, &escapee);
+  NAPI_ASSERT(env, status == napi_escape_called_twice, "Escaping twice fails");
   NAPI_CALL(env, napi_close_escapable_handle_scope(env, scope));
-  return escapee;
+  return NULL;
 }
 
 napi_value NewScopeWithException(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {