events: add captureRejection option

PR-URL: #27867
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Anna Henningsen <anna@addaleax.net>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <targos@protonmail.com>

doc/api/events.md

@@ -155,9 +155,66 @@ myEmitter.emit('error', new Error('whoops!'));
 // Prints: whoops! there was an error
 ```
 
+## Capture Rejections of Promises
+
+> Stability: 1 - captureRejections is experimental.
+
+Using `async` functions with event handlers is problematic, because it
+can lead to an unhandled rejection in case of a thrown exception:
+
+```js
+const ee = new EventEmitter();
+ee.on('something', async (value) => {
+  throw new Error('kaboom');
+});
+```
+
+The `captureRejections` option in the `EventEmitter` constructor or the global
+setting change this behavior, installing a `.then(undefined, handler)`
+handler on the `Promise`. This handler routes the exception
+asynchronously to the [`Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')`][rejection] method
+if there is one, or to [`'error'`][error] event handler if there is none.
+
+```js
+const ee1 = new EventEmitter({ captureRejections: true });
+ee1.on('something', async (value) => {
+  throw new Error('kaboom');
+});
+
+ee1.on('error', console.log);
+
+const ee2 = new EventEmitter({ captureRejections: true });
+ee2.on('something', async (value) => {
+  throw new Error('kaboom');
+});
+
+ee2[Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')] = console.log;
+```
+
+Setting `EventEmitter.captureRejections = true` will change the default for all
+new instances of `EventEmitter`.
+
+```js
+EventEmitter.captureRejections = true;
+const ee1 = new EventEmitter();
+ee1.on('something', async (value) => {
+  throw new Error('kaboom');
+});
+
+ee1.on('error', console.log);
+```
+
+The `'error'` events that are generated by the `captureRejections` behavior
+do not have a catch handler to avoid infinite error loops: the
+recommendation is to **not use `async` functions as `'error'` event handlers**.
+
 ## Class: `EventEmitter`
 <!-- YAML
 added: v0.1.26
+changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/27867
+    description: Added captureRejections option.
 -->
 
 The `EventEmitter` class is defined and exposed by the `events` module:
@@ -169,6 +226,12 @@ const EventEmitter = require('events');
 All `EventEmitter`s emit the event `'newListener'` when new listeners are
 added and `'removeListener'` when existing listeners are removed.
 
+It supports the following option:
+
+* `captureRejections` {boolean} It enables
+  [automatic capturing of promise rejection][capturerejections].
+  Default: `false`.
+
 ### Event: 'newListener'
 <!-- YAML
 added: v0.1.26
@@ -694,6 +757,42 @@ newListeners[0]();
 emitter.emit('log');
 ```
 
+### `emitter[Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')](err, eventName[, ...args])`
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1 - captureRejections is experimental.
+
+* `err` Error
+* `eventName` {string|symbol}
+* `...args` {any}
+
+The `Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')` method is called in case a
+promise rejection happens when emitting an event and
+[`captureRejections`][capturerejections] is enabled on the emitter.
+It is possible to use [`events.captureRejectionSymbol`][rejectionsymbol] in
+place of `Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')`.
+
+```js
+const { EventEmitter, captureRejectionSymbol } = require('events');
+
+class MyClass extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor() {
+    super({ captureRejections: true });
+  }
+
+  [captureRejectionSymbol](err, event, ...args) {
+    console.log('rejection happened for', event, 'with', err, ...args);
+    this.destroy(err);
+  }
+
+  destroy(err) {
+    // Tear the resource down here.
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ## `events.once(emitter, name)`
 <!-- YAML
 added: v11.13.0
@@ -740,6 +839,28 @@ async function run() {
 run();
 ```
 
+## events.captureRejections
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1 - captureRejections is experimental.
+
+Value: {boolean}
+
+Change the default `captureRejections` option on all new `EventEmitter` objects.
+
+## events.captureRejectionSymbol
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1 - captureRejections is experimental.
+
+Value: `Symbol.for('nodejs.rejection')`
+
+See how to write a custom [rejection handler][rejection].
+
 [WHATWG-EventTarget]: https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-eventtarget
 [`--trace-warnings`]: cli.html#cli_trace_warnings
 [`EventEmitter.defaultMaxListeners`]: #events_eventemitter_defaultmaxlisteners
@@ -751,3 +872,7 @@ run();
 [`net.Server`]: net.html#net_class_net_server
 [`process.on('warning')`]: process.html#process_event_warning
 [stream]: stream.html
+[capturerejections]: #events_capture_rejections_of_promises
+[rejection]: #events_emitter_symbol_for_nodejs_rejection_err_eventname_args
+[rejectionsymbol]: #events_events_capturerejectionsymbol
+[error]: #events_error_events

lib/events.js

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 const {
   Array,
+  Boolean,
   Error,
   MathMin,
   NumberIsNaN,
@@ -33,7 +34,10 @@ const {
   Promise,
   ReflectApply,
   ReflectOwnKeys,
+  Symbol,
+  SymbolFor,
 } = primordials;
+const kRejection = SymbolFor('nodejs.rejection');
 
 let spliceOne;
 
@@ -51,8 +55,10 @@ const {
   inspect
 } = require('internal/util/inspect');
 
-function EventEmitter() {
-  EventEmitter.init.call(this);
+const kCapture = Symbol('kCapture');
+
+function EventEmitter(opts) {
+  EventEmitter.init.call(this, opts);
 }
 module.exports = EventEmitter;
 module.exports.once = once;
@@ -62,6 +68,29 @@ EventEmitter.EventEmitter = EventEmitter;
 
 EventEmitter.usingDomains = false;
 
+EventEmitter.captureRejectionSymbol = kRejection;
+ObjectDefineProperty(EventEmitter, 'captureRejections', {
+  get() {
+    return EventEmitter.prototype[kCapture];
+  },
+  set(value) {
+    if (typeof value !== 'boolean') {
+      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE('EventEmitter.captureRejections',
+                                     'boolean', value);
+    }
+
+    EventEmitter.prototype[kCapture] = value;
+  },
+  enumerable: true
+});
+
+// The default for captureRejections is false
+ObjectDefineProperty(EventEmitter.prototype, kCapture, {
+  value: false,
+  writable: true,
+  enumerable: false
+});
+
 EventEmitter.prototype._events = undefined;
 EventEmitter.prototype._eventsCount = 0;
 EventEmitter.prototype._maxListeners = undefined;
@@ -91,7 +120,7 @@ ObjectDefineProperty(EventEmitter, 'defaultMaxListeners', {
   }
 });
 
-EventEmitter.init = function() {
+EventEmitter.init = function(opts) {
 
   if (this._events === undefined ||
       this._events === ObjectGetPrototypeOf(this)._events) {
@@ -100,8 +129,64 @@ EventEmitter.init = function() {
   }
 
   this._maxListeners = this._maxListeners || undefined;
+
+
+  if (opts && opts.captureRejections) {
+    if (typeof opts.captureRejections !== 'boolean') {
+      throw new ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE('options.captureRejections',
+                                     'boolean', opts.captureRejections);
+    }
+    this[kCapture] = Boolean(opts.captureRejections);
+  } else {
+    // Assigning it directly a prototype lookup, as it slighly expensive
+    // and it sits in a very sensitive hot path.
+    this[kCapture] = EventEmitter.prototype[kCapture];
+  }
 };
 
+function addCatch(that, promise, type, args) {
+  if (!that[kCapture]) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Handle Promises/A+ spec, then could be a getter
+  // that throws on second use.
+  try {
+    const then = promise.then;
+
+    if (typeof then === 'function') {
+      then.call(promise, undefined, function(err) {
+        // The callback is called with nextTick to avoid a follow-up
+        // rejection from this promise.
+        process.nextTick(emitUnhandledRejectionOrErr, that, err, type, args);
+      });
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    that.emit('error', err);
+  }
+}
+
+function emitUnhandledRejectionOrErr(ee, err, type, args) {
+  if (typeof ee[kRejection] === 'function') {
+    ee[kRejection](err, type, ...args);
+  } else {
+    // We have to disable the capture rejections mechanism, otherwise
+    // we might end up in an infinite loop.
+    const prev = ee[kCapture];
+
+    // If the error handler throws, it is not catcheable and it
+    // will end up in 'uncaughtException'. We restore the previous
+    // value of kCapture in case the uncaughtException is present
+    // and the exception is handled.
+    try {
+      ee[kCapture] = false;
+      ee.emit('error', err);
+    } finally {
+      ee[kCapture] = prev;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 // Obviously not all Emitters should be limited to 10. This function allows
 // that to be increased. Set to zero for unlimited.
 EventEmitter.prototype.setMaxListeners = function setMaxListeners(n) {
@@ -218,12 +303,29 @@ EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function emit(type, ...args) {
     return false;
 
   if (typeof handler === 'function') {
-    ReflectApply(handler, this, args);
+    const result = ReflectApply(handler, this, args);
+
+    // We check if result is undefined first because that
+    // is the most common case so we do not pay any perf
+    // penalty
+    if (result !== undefined && result !== null) {
+      addCatch(this, result, type, args);
+    }
   } else {
     const len = handler.length;
     const listeners = arrayClone(handler, len);
-    for (let i = 0; i < len; ++i)
-      ReflectApply(listeners[i], this, args);
+    for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+      const result = ReflectApply(listeners[i], this, args);
+
+      // We check if result is undefined first because that
+      // is the most common case so we do not pay any perf
+      // penalty.
+      // This code is duplicated because extracting it away
+      // would make it non-inlineable.
+      if (result !== undefined && result !== null) {
+        addCatch(this, result, type, args);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   return true;