diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js
index f92a1091fc9411..0b18360a17dc25 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js
@@ -1544,44 +1544,65 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
   }
 }
 
-if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
-  // Passing an empty passphrase string should not cause OpenSSL's default
-  // passphrase prompt in the terminal.
-  // See https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/35898.
-
-  for (const type of ['pkcs1', 'pkcs8']) {
-    generateKeyPair('rsa', {
-      modulusLength: 1024,
-      privateKeyEncoding: {
-        type,
-        format: 'pem',
-        cipher: 'aes-256-cbc',
-        passphrase: ''
-      }
-    }, common.mustSucceed((publicKey, privateKey) => {
-      assert.strictEqual(publicKey.type, 'public');
+// Passing an empty passphrase string should not cause OpenSSL's default
+// passphrase prompt in the terminal.
+// See https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/35898.
 
-      for (const passphrase of ['', Buffer.alloc(0)]) {
-        const privateKeyObject = createPrivateKey({
-          passphrase,
-          key: privateKey
-        });
-        assert.strictEqual(privateKeyObject.asymmetricKeyType, 'rsa');
-      }
+for (const type of ['pkcs1', 'pkcs8']) {
+  generateKeyPair('rsa', {
+    modulusLength: 1024,
+    privateKeyEncoding: {
+      type,
+      format: 'pem',
+      cipher: 'aes-256-cbc',
+      passphrase: ''
+    }
+  }, common.mustSucceed((publicKey, privateKey) => {
+    assert.strictEqual(publicKey.type, 'public');
 
-      // Encrypting with an empty passphrase is not the same as not encrypting
-      // the key, and not specifying a passphrase should fail when decoding it.
-      assert.throws(() => {
-        return testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey);
-      }, {
-        name: 'TypeError',
-        code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
-        message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
+    for (const passphrase of ['', Buffer.alloc(0)]) {
+      const privateKeyObject = createPrivateKey({
+        passphrase,
+        key: privateKey
       });
-    }));
-  }
+      assert.strictEqual(privateKeyObject.asymmetricKeyType, 'rsa');
+    }
+
+    // Encrypting with an empty passphrase is not the same as not encrypting
+    // the key, and not specifying a passphrase should fail when decoding it.
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      return testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey);
+    }, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+      name: 'Error',
+      code: 'ERR_OSSL_CRYPTO_INTERRUPTED_OR_CANCELLED',
+      message: 'error:07880109:common libcrypto routines::interrupted or cancelled'
+    } : {
+      name: 'TypeError',
+      code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
+      message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
+    });
+  }));
 }
 
+// Passing an empty passphrase string should not throw ERR_OSSL_CRYPTO_MALLOC_FAILURE even on OpenSSL 3.
+// Regression test for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/41428.
+generateKeyPair('rsa', {
+  modulusLength: 4096,
+  publicKeyEncoding: {
+    type: 'spki',
+    format: 'pem'
+  },
+  privateKeyEncoding: {
+    type: 'pkcs8',
+    format: 'pem',
+    cipher: 'aes-256-cbc',
+    passphrase: ''
+  }
+}, common.mustSucceed((publicKey, privateKey) => {
+  assert.strictEqual(typeof publicKey, 'string');
+  assert.strictEqual(typeof privateKey, 'string');
+}));
+
 {
   // Proprietary Web Cryptography API ECDH/ECDSA namedCurve parameters
   // should not be recognized in this API.