diff --git a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js
index 32fe43ac8f68cb..d66230ec37f312 100644
--- a/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js
+++ b/lib/internal/source_map/source_map.js
@@ -303,8 +303,19 @@ function decodeVLQ(stringCharIterator) {
 
   // Fix the sign.
   const negative = result & 1;
-  result >>= 1;
-  return negative ? -result : result;
+  // Use unsigned right shift, so that the 32nd bit is properly shifted to the
+  // 31st, and the 32nd becomes unset.
+  result >>>= 1;
+  if (!negative) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // We need to OR here to ensure the 32nd bit (the sign bit in an Int32) is
+  // always set for negative numbers. If `result` were 1, (meaning `negate` is
+  // true and all other bits were zeros), `result` would now be 0. But -0
+  // doesn't flip the 32nd bit as intended. All other numbers will successfully
+  // set the 32nd bit without issue, so doing this is a noop for them.
+  return -result | (1 << 31);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-source-map-api.js b/test/parallel/test-source-map-api.js
index e7704cf45cf68e..2bfbc08809e9a1 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-source-map-api.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-source-map-api.js
@@ -82,3 +82,45 @@ const { readFileSync } = require('fs');
   assert.strictEqual(payload.sources[0], sourceMap.payload.sources[0]);
   assert.notStrictEqual(payload.sources, sourceMap.payload.sources);
 }
+
+// Test various known decodings to ensure decodeVLQ works correctly.
+{
+  function makeMinimalMap(column) {
+    return {
+      sources: ['test.js'],
+      // Mapping from the 0th line, 0th column of the output file to the 0th
+      // source file, 0th line, ${column}th column.
+      mappings: `AAA${column}`,
+    };
+  }
+  const knownDecodings = {
+    'A': 0,
+    'B': -2147483648,
+    'C': 1,
+    'D': -1,
+    'E': 2,
+    'F': -2,
+
+    // 2^31 - 1, maximum values
+    '+/////D': 2147483647,
+    '8/////D': 2147483646,
+    '6/////D': 2147483645,
+    '4/////D': 2147483644,
+    '2/////D': 2147483643,
+    '0/////D': 2147483642,
+
+    // -2^31 + 1, minimum values
+    '//////D': -2147483647,
+    '9/////D': -2147483646,
+    '7/////D': -2147483645,
+    '5/////D': -2147483644,
+    '3/////D': -2147483643,
+    '1/////D': -2147483642,
+  };
+
+  for (const column in knownDecodings) {
+    const sourceMap = new SourceMap(makeMinimalMap(column));
+    const { originalColumn } = sourceMap.findEntry(0, 0);
+    assert.strictEqual(originalColumn, knownDecodings[column]);
+  }
+}