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<h1 id="python-3rdparty-pattern">Python 3rdparty Pattern</h1>
<p>In general, we use the
<a href="3rdparty.html">3rdparty idiom</a> to organize
dependencies on code from outside the source tree. This document
describes how to make this work for Python code.</p>
<p>Your Python code can pull in code written elsewhere. Pants fetches code
via a library that uses pip-style specifications (name and
version-range).</p>
<h2 id="3rdpartypython">3rdparty/python</h2>
<p>To keep all of your code depending on the same versions of third-party
Python artifacts, you might use the idiom of keeping them in a directory
tree under <code>3rdparty/python</code>. If your organization has many such
dependencies, you might arrange them in several directories: this can
ease later "git detective work" when finding out who changed a version.
(Pants itself doesn't have many Python dependencies; thus, we haven't split its <code>3rdparty</code> tree
into many directories.)</p>
<p><strong>pip-style requirements.txt:</strong></p>
<p>To define some third-party dependencies, use a
<a href="build_dictionary.html#bdict_python_requirements" pantsref="bdict_python_requirements"><code>python_requirements</code></a> in your <code>BUILD</code>
file and make a pip <code>requirements.txt</code> file in the same directory.</p>
<p>E.g, your <code>3rdparty/python/BUILD</code> file might look like:</p>
<p>
<div class="md-included-snippet"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python_requirements</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">module_mapping</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="s2">"ansicolors"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"colors"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"beautifulsoup4"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"bs4"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"packaging"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"pkgutil"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"python-Levenshtein"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"Levenshtein"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"PyYAML"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"yaml"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="s2">"setuptools"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"pkg_resources"</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</p>
<p>...with <code>3rdparty/python/requirements.txt</code> like:</p>
<p>
<div class="md-included-snippet"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span>ansicolors==1.1.8
beautifulsoup4>=4.6.0,<4.7
coverage>=4.5,<4.6
dataclasses==0.6
docutils>=0.15,<0.17
fasteners==0.15.0
# The MyPy requirement should be maintained in lockstep with the requirement the Pants repo uses
# for the mypy task since it configures custom MyPy plugins. That requirement can be found via:
#
# ./pants \
# --backend-packages=pants.contrib.mypy \
# options \
# --output-format=json \
# --scope=mypy \
# --name=version \
# | jq -r '."mypy.version".value'
#
mypy==0.780
Markdown==2.6.11
packaging==20.3
</pre></div>
</div>
</p>
<p><code>python_requirements</code> defines a named target for each line in the
<code>requirements.txt</code> line. For example, a line like <code>ansicolors==1.0.2</code> in
<code>requirements.txt</code> defines a target named <code>ansicolors</code> that pulls in
ansicolors version 1.0.2.</p>
<p><strong>python_requirement_library and python_requirement:</strong></p>
<p>A <code>BUILD</code> file can also define requirements without a <code>requirements.txt</code>
file. Set up a
<a href="build_dictionary.html#bdict_python_requirement_library" pantsref="bdict_python_requirement_library"><code>python_requirement_library</code></a>
with one or more
<a href="build_dictionary.html#bdict_python_requirement" pantsref="bdict_python_requirement"><code>python_requirement</code></a>s
like:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python_requirement_library</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'beautifulsoup'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">requirements</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="n">python_requirement</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'beautifulsoup'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">requirement</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'BeautifulSoup==3.2.0'</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="your-codes-build-file">Your Code's BUILD File</h2>
<p>In your code's <code>BUILD</code> file, introduce a dependency on the <code>3rdparty</code>
target:</p>
<p>
<div class="md-included-snippet"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python_library</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">dependencies</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="s1">'3rdparty/python:ansicolors'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</p>
<p>Then in your Python code, you can <code>import</code> from that package:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">colors</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">green</span>
</pre></div>
<h2 id="managing-dependencies-for-multiple-platforms">Managing dependencies for multiple platforms</h2>
<p>If you're building a python binary for use on multiple platforms, you might have 3rd-party
dependencies that rely on platform-specific code. In addition to specifying the platforms
with which your binary is intended to be compatible in the <code>platforms</code> field of your
<a href="build_dictionary.html#bdict_python_binary" pantsref="bdict_python_binary"><code>python_binary</code></a> target, you will need to make
<a href="https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_wheel/">wheel</a> files for each package
and platform available at build time.</p>
<p>Pants will use the explicitly specified <code>platforms</code> field of your <a href="build_dictionary.html#bdict_python_binary" pantsref="bdict_python_binary"><code>python_binary</code></a>
target if set for both itself and its dependencies, or will otherwise fall back to the <code>python-setup.platforms</code> option value.</p>
<p>Pants will look for those files in the location specified in the
<a href="setup_repo.html#redirecting-python-requirements-to-other-servers"><code>python-repos</code></a> field
in pants.toml. It can understand either a simple local directory of .whl files or a "find links"-friendly
webpage of links formatted like so:</p>
<div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><a href="x.whl">x.whl</a>
</pre></div>
<p>If you opt for the local directory method under version control, you may want to use
<a href="https://git-lfs.github.com/">git-lfs</a> or similar to avoid storing large binaries in your
repository. If you opt for a hosted solution, <a href="https://pages.github.com/">Github pages</a> may
be helpful.</p>
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