ColumnNotFoundError when doing SQL GROUP BY on a column projection (function on column)

[jaihind213]

Checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.
• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of Polars.

Reproducible example

import polars as pl
from io import StringIO
my_csv = StringIO(
"""
"run_id","taxi_color","ride_time"
1,Red,2024-05-13 08:30:00
2,Yellow,2024-05-13 10:45:00
3,Green,2024-05-13 13:15:00
4,Blue,2024-05-13 16:20:00
5,Blue,2025-05-13 16:20:00
"""
)
df = pl.read_csv(my_csv, try_parse_dates=True)
ctx = pl.SQLContext(register_globals=True, eager_execution=False)
ctx.register("taxis", df)
query = """SELECT count(*) as total, 
EXTRACT(YEAR FROM ride_time) AS yr 
from taxis group by yr;
"""
sql_result = ctx.execute(query)
sql_result_collected = sql_result.collect()
print(sql_result_collected)

Log output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/vishnuch/work/gitcode/duckberg/polar2.py", line 20, in <module>
    sql_result = ctx.execute(query)
  File "/Users/vishnuch/work/utils/mamba/envs/duckberg/lib/python3.10/site-packages/polars/sql/context.py", line 269, in execute
    res = wrap_ldf(self._ctxt.execute(query))
polars.exceptions.ColumnNotFoundError: yr

Issue description

when we apply a function on a column and try to do group by on that projection, we get column not found.

Expected behavior

the query should return:

yr, total
2024, 4
2025, 1

ps: the query works in postgres and duckdb

Installed versions

--------Version info---------
Polars:               0.20.26
Index type:           UInt32
Platform:             macOS-12.6.4-arm64-arm-64bit
Python:               3.10.14 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Mar 20 2024, 12:51:49) [Clang 16.0.6 ]

----Optional dependencies----
adbc_driver_manager:  <not installed>
cloudpickle:          <not installed>
connectorx:           <not installed>
deltalake:            <not installed>
fastexcel:            <not installed>
fsspec:               <not installed>
gevent:               <not installed>
hvplot:               <not installed>
matplotlib:           <not installed>
nest_asyncio:         <not installed>
numpy:                1.26.4
openpyxl:             <not installed>
pandas:               2.2.1
pyarrow:              15.0.2
pydantic:             <not installed>
pyiceberg:            <not installed>
pyxlsb:               <not installed>
sqlalchemy:           <not installed>
torch:                <not installed>
xlsx2csv:             <not installed>
xlsxwriter:           <not installed>