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Table of Contents

Requirements

This document is about installing clingo from source. We also provide precompiled packages for various package managers: https://potassco.org/clingo/#packages.

  • a C++14 conforming compiler
    • at least GCC version 4.9
    • Clang version 3.1 (using either libstdc++ provided by gcc 4.9 or libc++)
    • at least MSVC 15.0 (Visual Studio 2017)
    • other compilers might work
  • the cmake build system
    • at least version 3.18 is recommended
    • at least version 3.1 is required

Development Dependencies

The following dependencies are only required when compiling a development branch. Releases already include the necessary generated files.

  • the bison parser generator
    • at least version 2.5
    • version 3.0 produces harmless warnings (to stay backwards-compatible)
  • the re2c lexer generator
    • at least version 1.1.1 is required

Optional Dependencies

  • the Python script language and the CFFI package
    • at least Python version 3.6
    • at least CFFI 1.14 is required (earlier versions have not been tested)
  • the Lua script language
    • at least Lua 5.1 is required

Build, Install, and Test

When cloning the git repository, do not forget to update the submodules (with source releases, you can skip this step):

git submodule update --init --recursive

To build gringo, clingo, and reify in their default configurations in release mode, run:

cmake -H<SOURCE_DIR> -B<BUILD_DIR> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build <BUILD_DIR>

The resulting binaries and shared libraries will be in <BUILD_DIR>/bin and are ready to use.

To install all binaries and development files under cmake's install prefix (see the build options), run:

cmake --build <BUILD_DIR> --target install

To run the tests, enable option CLINGO_BUILD_TESTS (see build options) and run:

cmake --build <BUILD_DIR> --target test

Build Options

Cmake's -L option can be used to get an overview over the variables that can be set for building gringo/clingo. To get gringo/clingo specific options, run

cmake -H<SOURCE_DIR> -B<BUILD_DIR> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -LH

or, to also print important cmake specific configuration variables

cmake -H<SOURCE_DIR> -B<BUILD_DIR> -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -LAH

Options and variables can be passed to cmake on the command line using -D<VARIABLE>=<VALUE> or by editing <BUILD_DIR>/CMakeCache.txt after running cmake.

The build scripts by default try to detect optional dependencies, like Python and Lua scripting support.

Clingo uses libpotassco and clasp. Both components have their own sets of configuration variables:

In the following, the most important options to control the build are listed.

Generic Options

  • Variable CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE should be set to Release.
  • Variable CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX controls where to install clingo.
  • Option CLINGO_MANAGE_RPATH controls how to find libraries on platforms where this is supported, like Linux, macOS, or BSD but not Windows. This option should be enabled if clingo is installed in a non-default location, like the users home directory; otherwise it has no effect. (Default: ON)
  • Option CLINGO_BUILD_APPS controls whether to build the applications gringo, clingo, and reify. (Default: ON)
  • Option CLINGO_BUILD_EXAMPLES controls whether to build the clingo API examples. (Default: OFF)
  • Option CLINGO_BUILD_TESTS controls whether to build the clingo tests and enable the test target running unit as well as acceptance tests. (Default: OFF)

Python Support

With the default configuration, Python support will be auto-detected if the Python development packages are installed.

  • Varibale CLINGO_BUILD_WITH_PYTHON can be set to ON to enable Python support, OFF to disable Python support, auto to enable Python support if available, or pip for advanced configuration to build a Python module exporting clingo symbols. (Default: auto)
  • Variable CLINGO_PYTHON_VERSION can be used to select a specific Python version. For example, passing -DCLINGO_PYTHON_VERSION:LIST="3.8;EXACT" to cmake requires Python version 3.8 to be available and not just a compatbile Python version. Starting with cmake 3.15, variable Python_ROOT can be used to specify where to search for a Python installation (the documentation of cmake's FindPython module has further information). (Default: 3.6)
  • Variable PYCLINGO_INSTALL controls where to install the Python module. It can be set to user to install in the user prefix, system to install in the system prefix, or prefix to install into the installation prefix. (Default: prefix)
  • Variable PYCLINGO_SUFFIX can be used to customize which suffix to use for the Python module. (Default: automatically detected)
  • Variable PYCLINGO_INSTALL_DIR can be used to customize where to install the Python module. (Default: automatically detected)

With cmake versions before 3.15, it can happen that the found Python interpreter does not match the found Python libraries if the development headers for the interpreter are not installed. Make sure to install them before running cmake (or remove or adjust the CMakeCache.txt file).

Lua Support

With the default configuration, Lua support will be auto-detected if the Lua development packages are installed.

  • Varibale CLINGO_BUILD_WITH_LUA can be set to ON to enable Lua support, OFF to disable Lua support, auto to enable Lua support if available. (Default: auto)
  • Variable CLINGO_LUA_VERSION can be used to select a specific Lua version. For example, passing -DCLINGO_LUA_VERSION:LIST="5.3;EXACT" to cmake requires Lua version 5.3 to be available and not just a compatbile Lua version. (Default: 5.0)
  • Variable LUACLINGO_SUFFIX can be used to customize which suffix to use for the Lua module. (Default: automatically detected)
  • Variable LUACLINGO_INSTALL_DIR can be used to customize where to install the Lua module. (Default: automatically detected)

Compilation to JavaScript

Clingo can be compiled to JavaScript with Empscripten. The following notes assume that Emscripten has been installed. Only the web target and a subset of clingo's configuration are supported when compiling to JavaScript:

emcmake cmake -H<SOURCE_DIR> -B<BUILD_DIR> \
    -DCLINGO_BUILD_WEB=On \
    -DCLINGO_BUILD_WITH_PYTHON=Off \
    -DCLINGO_BUILD_WITH_LUA=Off \
    -DCLINGO_BUILD_SHARED=Off \
    -DCLASP_BUILD_WITH_THREADS=Off \
    -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=On \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=release \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-std=c++11 -Wall -s DISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0" \
    -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE="-Os -DNDEBUG" \
    -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="" \
    -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_RELEASE=""
cmake --build <BUILD_DIR> --target web

Note that is is possible to enable Lua support. Therefore Lua has to be compiled with emscripten, too. See Lua Support for information about pointing clingo to a custom Lua installation.

For examples how to use the resulting JavaScript code, check out one of the following:

Troubleshooting

After installing the required packages clingo should compile on most *nixes. If a dependency is missing or a software version too old, then there are typically community repositories that provide the necessary packages. To list a few:

And, well, you can compile a recent gcc version yourself. Even on ancient Linux systems. ;)

Notes for Windows Users

clingo can be compiled using the Mingw-w64 compiler, the Cygwin project, or Visual Studio 2015 Update 3. For development, The re2c and winflexbison (providing bison for Windows) packages can be installed using the chocolatey package manager, too.