diff --git a/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py b/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py
index 6026270c..db589d01 100644
--- a/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py
+++ b/pre_commit_hooks/check_json.py
@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
 import argparse
 import json
+from typing import Any
+from typing import Dict
+from typing import List
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
+from typing import Tuple
+
+
+def raise_duplicate_keys(
+        ordered_pairs: List[Tuple[str, Any]],
+) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    d = {}
+    for key, val in ordered_pairs:
+        if key in d:
+            raise ValueError(f'Duplicate key: {key}')
+        else:
+            d[key] = val
+    return d
 
 
 def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
@@ -13,7 +29,7 @@ def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
     for filename in args.filenames:
         with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
             try:
-                json.load(f)
+                json.load(f, object_pairs_hook=raise_duplicate_keys)
             except ValueError as exc:
                 print(f'{filename}: Failed to json decode ({exc})')
                 retval = 1
diff --git a/testing/resources/duplicate_key_json.json b/testing/resources/duplicate_key_json.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a432623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/resources/duplicate_key_json.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+    "hello": "world",
+    "hello": "planet"
+}
diff --git a/tests/check_json_test.py b/tests/check_json_test.py
index c63dc4c8..e010faaa 100644
--- a/tests/check_json_test.py
+++ b/tests/check_json_test.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
         ('bad_json.notjson', 1),
         ('bad_json_latin1.nonjson', 1),
         ('ok_json.json', 0),
+        ('duplicate_key_json.json', 1),
     ),
 )
 def test_main(capsys, filename, expected_retval):