diff --git a/changelog/pending/20221101--engine--expand-duplicate-urn-checks-across-direct-urns-and-aliases.yaml b/changelog/pending/20221101--engine--expand-duplicate-urn-checks-across-direct-urns-and-aliases.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9b6490ec4270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/pending/20221101--engine--expand-duplicate-urn-checks-across-direct-urns-and-aliases.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+changes:
+- type: fix
+  scope: engine
+  description: Expand duplicate URN checks across direct URNs and aliases.
diff --git a/pkg/engine/lifecycletest/pulumi_test.go b/pkg/engine/lifecycletest/pulumi_test.go
index b5c202b7958b..bb0700c68e0e 100644
--- a/pkg/engine/lifecycletest/pulumi_test.go
+++ b/pkg/engine/lifecycletest/pulumi_test.go
@@ -4116,3 +4116,108 @@ func TestPendingDeleteOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, snap)
 	assert.Len(t, snap.Resources, 3)
 }
+
+func TestDuplicatesDueToAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// This is a test for https://github.com/pulumi/pulumi/issues/11173
+	// to check that we don't allow resource aliases to refer to other resources.
+	// That is if you have A, then try and add B saying it's alias is A we should error that's a duplicate.
+	// We need to be careful that we handle this regardless of the order we send the RegisterResource requests for A and B.
+
+	loaders := []*deploytest.ProviderLoader{
+		deploytest.NewProviderLoader("pkgA", semver.MustParse("1.0.0"), func() (plugin.Provider, error) {
+			return &deploytest.Provider{
+				CreateF: func(urn resource.URN, news resource.PropertyMap, timeout float64,
+					preview bool) (resource.ID, resource.PropertyMap, resource.Status, error) {
+					return "created-id", news, resource.StatusOK, nil
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}, deploytest.WithoutGrpc),
+	}
+
+	mode := 0
+	program := deploytest.NewLanguageRuntime(func(info plugin.RunInfo, monitor *deploytest.ResourceMonitor) error {
+
+		switch mode {
+		case 0:
+			// Default case, just make resA
+			_, _, _, err := monitor.RegisterResource(
+				"pkgA:m:typA",
+				"resA",
+				true,
+				deploytest.ResourceOptions{})
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		case 1:
+			// First test case, try and create a new B that aliases to A. First make the A like normal...
+			_, _, _, err := monitor.RegisterResource(
+				"pkgA:m:typA",
+				"resA",
+				true,
+				deploytest.ResourceOptions{})
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// ... then make B with an alias, it should error
+			_, _, _, err = monitor.RegisterResource(
+				"pkgA:m:typA",
+				"resB",
+				true,
+				deploytest.ResourceOptions{
+					Aliases: []resource.Alias{{Name: "resA"}},
+				})
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+
+		case 2:
+			// Second test case, try and create a new B that aliases to A. First make the B with an alias...
+			_, _, _, err := monitor.RegisterResource(
+				"pkgA:m:typA",
+				"resB",
+				true,
+				deploytest.ResourceOptions{
+					Aliases: []resource.Alias{{Name: "resA"}},
+				})
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// ... then try to make the A like normal. It should error that it's already been aliased away
+			_, _, _, err = monitor.RegisterResource(
+				"pkgA:m:typA",
+				"resA",
+				true,
+				deploytest.ResourceOptions{})
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	host := deploytest.NewPluginHost(nil, nil, program, loaders...)
+
+	p := &TestPlan{
+		Options: UpdateOptions{Host: host},
+	}
+
+	project := p.GetProject()
+
+	// Run an update to create the starting A resource
+	snap, res := TestOp(Update).Run(project, p.GetTarget(t, nil), p.Options, false, p.BackendClient, nil)
+	assert.Nil(t, res)
+	assert.NotNil(t, snap)
+	assert.Len(t, snap.Resources, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, resource.URN("urn:pulumi:test::test::pkgA:m:typA::resA"), snap.Resources[1].URN)
+
+	// Set mode to try and create A then a B that aliases to it, this should fail
+	mode = 1
+	snap, res = TestOp(Update).Run(project, p.GetTarget(t, snap), p.Options, false, p.BackendClient, nil)
+	assert.NotNil(t, res)
+	assert.NotNil(t, snap)
+	assert.Len(t, snap.Resources, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, resource.URN("urn:pulumi:test::test::pkgA:m:typA::resA"), snap.Resources[1].URN)
+
+	// Set mode to try and create B first then a A, this should fail
+	mode = 2
+	snap, res = TestOp(Update).Run(project, p.GetTarget(t, snap), p.Options, false, p.BackendClient, nil)
+	assert.NotNil(t, res)
+	assert.NotNil(t, snap)
+	assert.Len(t, snap.Resources, 2)
+	// Because we made the B first that's what should end up in the state file
+	assert.Equal(t, resource.URN("urn:pulumi:test::test::pkgA:m:typA::resB"), snap.Resources[1].URN)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/resource/deploy/step_generator.go b/pkg/resource/deploy/step_generator.go
index 97d0f4e5717c..f3e1e0ee77e6 100644
--- a/pkg/resource/deploy/step_generator.go
+++ b/pkg/resource/deploy/step_generator.go
@@ -445,6 +445,12 @@ func (sg *stepGenerator) generateSteps(event RegisterResourceEvent) ([]Step, res
 		}
 	}
 
+	if previousAliasURN, alreadyAliased := sg.aliased[urn]; alreadyAliased {
+		// This resource is claiming to be X but we've already seen another resource claim that via aliases
+		invalid = true
+		sg.deployment.Diag().Errorf(diag.GetDuplicateResourceAliasedError(urn), urn, previousAliasURN)
+	}
+
 	// Check for an old resource so that we can figure out if this is a create, delete, etc., and/or
 	// to diff.  We look up first by URN and then by any provided aliases.  If it is found using an
 	// alias, record that alias so that we do not delete the aliased resource later.
@@ -460,7 +466,13 @@ func (sg *stepGenerator) generateSteps(event RegisterResourceEvent) ([]Step, res
 			oldInputs = old.Inputs
 			oldOutputs = old.Outputs
 			if urnOrAlias != urn {
+				if _, alreadySeen := sg.urns[urnOrAlias]; alreadySeen {
+					// This resource is claiming to X but we've already seen that urn created
+					invalid = true
+					sg.deployment.Diag().Errorf(diag.GetDuplicateResourceAliasError(urn), urnOrAlias, urn, urn)
+				}
 				if previousAliasURN, alreadyAliased := sg.aliased[urnOrAlias]; alreadyAliased {
+					// This resource is claiming to be X but we've already seen another resource claim that
 					invalid = true
 					sg.deployment.Diag().Errorf(diag.GetDuplicateResourceAliasError(urn), urnOrAlias, urn, previousAliasURN)
 				}
diff --git a/sdk/go/common/diag/errors.go b/sdk/go/common/diag/errors.go
index ac15903d804c..1516d9ff7573 100644
--- a/sdk/go/common/diag/errors.go
+++ b/sdk/go/common/diag/errors.go
@@ -84,3 +84,9 @@ Either include resource in --target list or pass --target-dependents to proceed.
 func GetDefaultProviderDenied(urn resource.URN) *Diag {
 	return newError(urn, 2015, `Default provider for '%v' disabled. '%v' must use an explicit provider.`)
 }
+
+func GetDuplicateResourceAliasedError(urn resource.URN) *Diag {
+	return newError(urn, 2016,
+		"Duplicate resource URN '%v' conflicting with alias on resource with URN '%v'",
+	)
+}