feat(manager/pub): update to only changed dependencies

[zeshuaro]

Changes

• Update to specify the updated dependencies for the pub manager when we attempt to lock their versions with pub upgrade
• Add more logging when updating the lock file
• I loosely referenced the code from the poetry manager

Context

Closes #19653

Documentation (please check one with an [x])

• I have updated the documentation, or
• No documentation update is required

How I've tested my work (please select one)

I have verified these changes via:

• Code inspection only, or
• Newly added/modified unit tests, or
• No unit tests but ran on a real repository, or
• Both unit tests + ran on a real repository
  • See this PR for the current behaviour, where transitive dependency in the lock file is updated as part of the main dependency update
  • See this PR for the new behaviour where the transitive dependency is not updated, only the main dependency is

[JamieMagee]

Does pub upgrade with a specific dependency also handle indirect dependencies? For example, if I depend on A, and A depends on B, does pub upgrade A also upgrade B when required?

[zeshuaro]

Does pub upgrade with a specific dependency also handle indirect dependencies? For example, if I depend on A, and A depends on B, does pub upgrade A also upgrade B when required?

Yes it does, see this PR for example: barriot/r2#12

[renovate-release]

🎉 This PR is included in version 34.107.0 🎉

The release is available on:

• GitHub release
• 34.107.0

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