diff --git a/src/Module.ts b/src/Module.ts
index c9de0087abc..2ab229477a6 100644
--- a/src/Module.ts
+++ b/src/Module.ts
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@ import { nodeConstructors } from './ast/nodes';
 import ExportAllDeclaration from './ast/nodes/ExportAllDeclaration';
 import ExportDefaultDeclaration from './ast/nodes/ExportDefaultDeclaration';
 import type ExportNamedDeclaration from './ast/nodes/ExportNamedDeclaration';
-import type Identifier from './ast/nodes/Identifier';
+import Identifier from './ast/nodes/Identifier';
 import type ImportDeclaration from './ast/nodes/ImportDeclaration';
+import ImportDefaultSpecifier from './ast/nodes/ImportDefaultSpecifier';
 import type ImportExpression from './ast/nodes/ImportExpression';
+import ImportNamespaceSpecifier from './ast/nodes/ImportNamespaceSpecifier';
 import Literal from './ast/nodes/Literal';
 import type MetaProperty from './ast/nodes/MetaProperty';
-import * as NodeType from './ast/nodes/NodeType';
 import Program from './ast/nodes/Program';
 import TemplateLiteral from './ast/nodes/TemplateLiteral';
 import VariableDeclaration from './ast/nodes/VariableDeclaration';
@@ -880,17 +881,17 @@ export default class Module {
 			return localVariable;
 		}
 
-		const importDeclaration = this.importDescriptions.get(name);
-		if (importDeclaration) {
-			const otherModule = importDeclaration.module;
+		const importDescription = this.importDescriptions.get(name);
+		if (importDescription) {
+			const otherModule = importDescription.module;
 
-			if (otherModule instanceof Module && importDeclaration.name === '*') {
+			if (otherModule instanceof Module && importDescription.name === '*') {
 				return otherModule.namespace;
 			}
 
 			const [declaration] = getVariableForExportNameRecursive(
 				otherModule,
-				importDeclaration.name,
+				importDescription.name,
 				importerForSideEffects || this,
 				isExportAllSearch,
 				searchedNamesAndModules
@@ -898,8 +899,8 @@ export default class Module {
 
 			if (!declaration) {
 				return this.error(
-					errorMissingExport(importDeclaration.name, this.id, otherModule.id),
-					importDeclaration.start
+					errorMissingExport(importDescription.name, this.id, otherModule.id),
+					importDescription.start
 				);
 			}
 
@@ -983,13 +984,13 @@ export default class Module {
 
 			const source = node.source.value;
 			this.addSource(source, node);
-			for (const specifier of node.specifiers) {
-				const name = specifier.exported.name;
+			for (const { exported, local, start } of node.specifiers) {
+				const name = exported instanceof Literal ? exported.value : exported.name;
 				this.reexportDescriptions.set(name, {
-					localName: specifier.local.name,
+					localName: local instanceof Literal ? local.value : local.name,
 					module: null as never, // filled in later,
 					source,
-					start: specifier.start
+					start
 				});
 			}
 		} else if (node.declaration) {
@@ -1012,9 +1013,10 @@ export default class Module {
 		} else {
 			// export { foo, bar, baz }
 
-			for (const specifier of node.specifiers) {
-				const localName = specifier.local.name;
-				const exportedName = specifier.exported.name;
+			for (const { local, exported } of node.specifiers) {
+				// except for reexports, local must be an Identifier
+				const localName = (local as Identifier).name;
+				const exportedName = exported instanceof Identifier ? exported.name : exported.value;
 				this.exports.set(exportedName, { identifier: null, localName });
 			}
 		}
@@ -1024,10 +1026,14 @@ export default class Module {
 		const source = node.source.value;
 		this.addSource(source, node);
 		for (const specifier of node.specifiers) {
-			const isDefault = specifier.type === NodeType.ImportDefaultSpecifier;
-			const isNamespace = specifier.type === NodeType.ImportNamespaceSpecifier;
-
-			const name = isDefault ? 'default' : isNamespace ? '*' : specifier.imported.name;
+			const name =
+				specifier instanceof ImportDefaultSpecifier
+					? 'default'
+					: specifier instanceof ImportNamespaceSpecifier
+					? '*'
+					: specifier.imported instanceof Identifier
+					? specifier.imported.name
+					: specifier.imported.value;
 			this.importDescriptions.set(specifier.local.name, {
 				module: null as never, // filled in later
 				name,
diff --git a/src/ast/nodes/ExportSpecifier.ts b/src/ast/nodes/ExportSpecifier.ts
index 8c2d1086654..f4dc7a91f7a 100644
--- a/src/ast/nodes/ExportSpecifier.ts
+++ b/src/ast/nodes/ExportSpecifier.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import type Identifier from './Identifier';
+import type Literal from './Literal';
 import type * as NodeType from './NodeType';
 import { NodeBase } from './shared/Node';
 
 export default class ExportSpecifier extends NodeBase {
-	declare exported: Identifier;
-	declare local: Identifier;
+	declare exported: Identifier | Literal<string>;
+	declare local: Identifier | Literal<string>;
 	declare type: NodeType.tExportSpecifier;
 
 	protected applyDeoptimizations() {}
diff --git a/src/ast/nodes/ImportSpecifier.ts b/src/ast/nodes/ImportSpecifier.ts
index 723d3244172..d8b589dfcf1 100644
--- a/src/ast/nodes/ImportSpecifier.ts
+++ b/src/ast/nodes/ImportSpecifier.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import type Identifier from './Identifier';
+import type Literal from './Literal';
 import type * as NodeType from './NodeType';
 import { NodeBase } from './shared/Node';
 
 export default class ImportSpecifier extends NodeBase {
-	declare imported: Identifier;
+	declare imported: Identifier | Literal<string>;
 	declare local: Identifier;
 	declare type: NodeType.tImportSpecifier;
 
diff --git a/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/_config.js b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/_config.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..91e53ae26c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/_config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module.exports = {
+	description: 'supports arbitrary module namespace identifiers'
+};
diff --git a/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/foo.js b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/foo.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9bcef7506a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/foo.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+const foo = 42;
+export { foo as ' 😆 ' };
diff --git a/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/main.js b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed6192936f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import { ' 🙄 ' as foo } from './reexport.js';
+
+assert.strictEqual(foo, 42);
diff --git a/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/reexport.js b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/reexport.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbf38851b35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/function/samples/arbitrary-module-namespace-identifiers/reexport.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { ' 😆 ' as ' 🙄 ' } from './foo.js';