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tpoint_example.txt
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tpoint_example.txt
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Demonstrations of tpoint, the Linux ftrace version.
Let's trace block:block_rq_issue, to see block device (disk) I/O requests:
# ./tpoint block:block_rq_issue
Tracing block:block_rq_issue. Ctrl-C to end.
supervise-1692 [001] d... 7269912.982162: block_rq_issue: 202,1 W 0 () 17039656 + 8 [supervise]
supervise-1696 [000] d... 7269912.982243: block_rq_issue: 202,1 W 0 () 12862264 + 8 [supervise]
cksum-12994 [000] d... 7269913.317924: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 9357056 + 72 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [000] d... 7269913.319013: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 2977536 + 144 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [000] d... 7269913.320217: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 2986240 + 216 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [000] d... 7269913.321677: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 620344 + 56 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [001] d... 7269913.329309: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 9107912 + 88 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [001] d... 7269913.340133: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 3147008 + 248 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [001] d... 7269913.354551: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 11583488 + 256 [cksum]
cksum-12994 [001] d... 7269913.379904: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 11583744 + 256 [cksum]
[...]
^C
Ending tracing...
Great, that was easy!
perf_events can do this as well, and is better in many ways, including a more
efficient buffering strategy, and multi-user access. It's not that easy to do
this one-liner in perf_events, however. An equivalent for recent kernels is:
perf record --no-buffer -e block:block_rq_issue -a -o - | PAGER=cat stdbuf -oL perf script -i -
Older kernels, use -D instead of --no-buffer. Even better is to set the buffer
page size to a sufficient grouping (using -m), to minimize overheads, at the
expense of liveliness of updates. Note that stack traces (-g) don't work on
my systems with this perf one-liner, however, they do work with tpoint -s.
Column headings can be printed using -H:
# ./tpoint -H block:block_rq_issue
Tracing block:block_rq_issue. Ctrl-C to end.
# tracer: nop
#
# entries-in-buffer/entries-written: 0/0 #P:2
#
# _-----=> irqs-off
# / _----=> need-resched
# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
# || / _--=> preempt-depth
# ||| / delay
# TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
# | | | |||| | |
supervise-1697 [000] d... 7270545.340856: block_rq_issue: 202,1 W 0 () 12862464 + 8 [supervise]
supervise-1697 [000] d... 7270545.341256: block_rq_issue: 202,1 W 0 () 12862472 + 8 [supervise]
supervise-1690 [000] d... 7270545.342363: block_rq_issue: 202,1 W 0 () 17040368 + 8 [supervise]
[...]
They are also documented in the Linux kernel source under:
Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt.
How about stacks traces for those block_rq_issue events? Adding -s:
# ./tpoint -s block:block_rq_issue
Tracing block:block_rq_issue. Ctrl-C to end.
supervise-1691 [000] d... 7269511.079179: block_rq_issue: 202,1 W 0 () 17040232 + 8 [supervise]
supervise-1691 [000] d... 7269511.079188: <stack trace>
=> blk_peek_request
=> do_blkif_request
=> __blk_run_queue
=> queue_unplugged
=> blk_flush_plug_list
=> blk_finish_plug
=> ext4_writepages
=> do_writepages
=> __filemap_fdatawrite_range
=> filemap_flush
=> ext4_alloc_da_blocks
=> ext4_rename
=> vfs_rename
=> SYSC_renameat2
=> SyS_renameat2
=> SyS_rename
=> system_call_fastpath
cksum-7428 [000] d... 7269511.331778: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 9006848 + 208 [cksum]
cksum-7428 [000] d... 7269511.331784: <stack trace>
=> blk_peek_request
=> do_blkif_request
=> __blk_run_queue
=> queue_unplugged
=> blk_flush_plug_list
=> blk_finish_plug
=> __do_page_cache_readahead
=> ondemand_readahead
=> page_cache_async_readahead
=> generic_file_read_iter
=> new_sync_read
=> vfs_read
=> SyS_read
=> system_call_fastpath
cksum-7428 [000] d... 7269511.332631: block_rq_issue: 202,1 R 0 () 620992 + 200 [cksum]
cksum-7428 [000] d... 7269511.332639: <stack trace>
=> blk_peek_request
=> do_blkif_request
=> __blk_run_queue
=> queue_unplugged
=> blk_flush_plug_list
=> blk_finish_plug
=> __do_page_cache_readahead
=> ondemand_readahead
=> page_cache_sync_readahead
=> generic_file_read_iter
=> new_sync_read
=> vfs_read
=> SyS_read
=> system_call_fastpath
^C
Ending tracing...
Easy. Now I can read the ancestry to understand what actually lead to issuing
a block device (disk) I/O.
Here's insertion onto the block I/O queue (better matches processes):
# ./tpoint -s block:block_rq_insert
Tracing block:block_rq_insert. Ctrl-C to end.
cksum-11908 [000] d... 7269834.882517: block_rq_insert: 202,1 R 0 () 736304 + 256 [cksum]
cksum-11908 [000] d... 7269834.882528: <stack trace>
=> __elv_add_request
=> blk_flush_plug_list
=> blk_finish_plug
=> __do_page_cache_readahead
=> ondemand_readahead
=> page_cache_sync_readahead
=> generic_file_read_iter
=> new_sync_read
=> vfs_read
=> SyS_read
=> system_call_fastpath
[...]
You can also add tracepoint filters. To see what variables you can use, use -v:
# ./tpoint -v block:block_rq_issue
name: block_rq_issue
ID: 942
format:
field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2; signed:0;
field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1; signed:0;
field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1; signed:0;
field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4; signed:1;
field:dev_t dev; offset:8; size:4; signed:0;
field:sector_t sector; offset:16; size:8; signed:0;
field:unsigned int nr_sector; offset:24; size:4; signed:0;
field:unsigned int bytes; offset:28; size:4; signed:0;
field:char rwbs[8]; offset:32; size:8; signed:1;
field:char comm[16]; offset:40; size:16; signed:1;
field:__data_loc char[] cmd; offset:56; size:4; signed:1;
print fmt: "%d,%d %s %u (%s) %llu + %u [%s]", ((unsigned int) ((REC->dev) >> 20)), ((unsigned int) ((REC->dev) & ((1U << 20) - 1))), REC->rwbs, REC->bytes, __get_str(cmd), (unsigned long long)REC->sector, REC->nr_sector, REC->comm
Now I'll add a filter to check that the rwbs field (I/O type) includes an "R",
making it a read:
# ./tpoint -s block:block_rq_insert 'rwbs ~ "*R*"'
cksum-11908 [000] d... 7269839.919098: block_rq_insert: 202,1 R 0 () 736560 + 136 [cksum]
cksum-11908 [000] d... 7269839.919107: <stack trace>
=> __elv_add_request
=> blk_flush_plug_list
=> blk_finish_plug
=> __do_page_cache_readahead
=> ondemand_readahead
=> page_cache_async_readahead
=> generic_file_read_iter
=> new_sync_read
=> vfs_read
=> SyS_read
=> system_call_fastpath
[...]
Use -h to print the USAGE message:
# ./tpoint -h
USAGE: tpoint [-hHsv] [-d secs] [-p PID] [-L TID] tracepoint [filter]
tpoint -l
-d seconds # trace duration, and use buffers
-p PID # PID to match on events
-L TID # thread id to match on events
-v # view format file (don't trace)
-H # include column headers
-l # list all tracepoints
-s # show kernel stack traces
-h # this usage message
Note that these examples may need modification to match your kernel
version's function names and platform's register usage.
eg,
tpoint -l | grep open
# find tracepoints containing "open"
tpoint syscalls:sys_enter_open
# trace open() syscall entry
tpoint block:block_rq_issue
# trace block I/O issue
tpoint -s block:black_rq_issue
# show kernel stacks
See the man page and example file for more info.