diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
index 1a6d4f6d5c..6268604980 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
@@ -197,12 +197,11 @@ def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
     def match(self, node: nodes.image) -> bool:
         if not self.app.builder.supported_image_types:
             return False
+        elif '?' in node['candidates']:
+            return False
         elif set(self.guess_mimetypes(node)) & set(self.app.builder.supported_image_types):
             # builder supports the image; no need to convert
             return False
-        elif node['uri'].startswith('data:'):
-            # all data URI MIME types are assumed to be supported
-            return False
         elif self.available is None:
             # store the value to the class variable to share it during the build
             self.__class__.available = self.is_available()