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_betterize.sass
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_betterize.sass
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@charset "UTF-8"
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ///
/// betterize.sass -- Modern normalization for better cross-browser design - ///
/// @author Stephen M Irving -- <@metric_dev> ------------------------------ ///
/// version 2.0.9 -- 03/28/2024 -------------------------------------------- ///
/// ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
// #BASE STYLES: Opinionated defaults and base element styles --------------- //
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 1. Set `box-sizing` to `inherit` while setting the inheritance root,
// which is the html element, to `box-sizing: border-box`. This is
// a much more intuitive default box-model than `content-box` as it
// will make `width` and `height` calculations include `padding` and
// `border` size.
// 2. Setting `min-width: 0` here is a *very* opinionated decision. It can save
// you a lot of time trying to figure out a ton of odd and unintuitive
// behavior, especially with flexbox, but it can also cause unexpected
// issues if you aren't aware it is here. If an element is unexpectedly
// shrinking down to nothing, try setting an explicit `min-width` to
// overwrite this declaration.
// 3. Ensure background images do not repeat by default.
*,
:before,
:after
// 1
box-sizing: inherit
// 2
min-width: 0
// 3
background-repeat: no-repeat
// Improved default settings for the `::before` and `::after` pseudo-elements
:before,
:after
vertical-align: inherit
text-decoration: inherit
// 1. Prevent horizontal scrolling from being possible and set vertical
// scrolling. If you want a page with no scrollbar at all change
// to `overflow-y: hidden`. Setting it here combined with `overflow-x: clip`
// on the body will prevent the behavior from breaking when an element
// like a masthead / nav bar is set with `position: sticky`.
// 2. Set the root element box-sizing, the universal selector will inherit.
// 3. Add backup font stack that works across all browsers and devices.
// 4. Set the default font size in an accessible way (such that a user
// can change the default size with the browser settings).
// 5. Normalize default `line-height` across browsers.
// 6. Set a new default for `word-wrap` (alias for `overflow-wrap`) on the root
// element since it is an inherited property.
// 7. Allow the browser to automatically break words at appropriate hyphenation
// points. Ensure you specificy a language using the `lang` HTML attribute.
// to guarantee the automatic hyphenation applied is language-specific.
// 8. Use a more readable tab size.
// 9. Resets the cursor to default across all browsers and for any property
// that does not explicitly define a different cursor.
// 10. Tell the browser which color schemes the page can be rendered in.
// Change to just `light` or just `dark` if only doing a single scheme,
// but both are strongly recommended for accessibility purposes.
// 11. This will reserve space for a scrollbar, preventing unwanted layout
// shifts as content grows or shrinks. If you are making a page that
// has no scrolling whatsoever, you can remove or overwrite this rule.
// 12. Allows opening and closing punctuation like quotes at the start and end
// of a line of text to "hang" outside the line's content box, making the
// formatting look more aesthetically pleasing.
// 13. Remove the blue tap box over buttons and links in some versions of
// iOS browsers for touch-enabled devices.
// 14. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
// 15. Setting @viewport causes scrollbars to overlap content in legacy Edge
// and IE11, so force a non-overlapping, non-auto-hiding scrollbar.
html
// 1
overflow-x: hidden
overflow-y: scroll
// 2
box-sizing: border-box
// 3
font-family:
// Modern pan-device default
system-ui,
// Safari for OS X and iOS (San Francisco)
-apple-system,
// Chrome < 56 for OS X (San Francisco)
BlinkMacSystemFont,
// Windows
'Segoe UI',
// Android
Roboto,
// Ubuntu
Ubuntu,
// GNOME 3+
Cantarell,
// KDE Plasma 5+
'Noto Sans',
// Basic web fallback
'Helvetica Neue',
Helvetica,
Arial,
sans-serif,
// Emoji fonts - Apple, Windows, Linux
'Apple Color Emoji',
'Segoe UI Emoji',
'Segoe UI Symbol',
'Noto Color Emoji'
// 4
font-size: 1em
// 5
line-height: 1.15
// 6
word-wrap: break-word
// 7
-webkit-hyphens: auto
-ms-hyphens: auto
hyphens: auto
// 8
-moz-tab-size: 4
-o-tab-size: 4
tab-size: 4
// 9
cursor: default
// 10
color-scheme: light dark
// 11
scrollbar-gutter: stable
// 12
hanging-punctuation: first last
// 13
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
// 14
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%
text-size-adjust: 100%
// 15
-ms-overflow-style: scrollbar
// If user does not have prefers-reduced-motion on in their OS settings,
// this will keep scrolling from looking jumpy when an anchor link or other
// action automatically scrolls the page.
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference)
html
scroll-behavior: smooth
// 1. TODO: May need to modify this value depending on height
// of any masthead/top nav bar or similar content
:has(:target)
scroll-behavior: smooth
// 1
scroll-padding-top: 3rem
// IE10+ doesn't honor `<meta name="viewport">` in some cases.
@at-root
@-ms-viewport
width: device-width
/// Normalize the color of the background and text when it is highlighted by
/// selecting it with a mouse.
///
/// @todo - Customize the selection background and color to match your design.
::-moz-selection
background: #345172
color: #fff
text-shadow: none
::selection
background: #345172
color: #fff
text-shadow: none
// 1. Remove the possibility of a horizontal scrollbar. Combined with the
// `overflow: hidden scroll` on the html element, it prevents this behavior
// without causing issues when a top level element is set to
// `position: sticky`.
// 2. Force the body to always take up the whole screen.
// 3. Remove the body margin in all browsers.
// 4. As a best practice, apply a default `background-color` and `color`.
// Also set a faint background gradient and apply an inverted scheme
// for `prefers-color-scheme: dark` To overwrite, use the `background`
// shorthand property.
// 5. Set a normal font-size default.
// 6. Set an opionated line-height for other elements to inherit.
// 7. Set an explicit `text-align: left` so that we can later use
// the `inherit` value.
// 8. On devices with small screens (likely phone or tablet), set text-rendering
// to improve speed. On devices with larger screens (likely laptops and PCs),
// set text-rendering to improve legibility.
// 9. Ensure finer text rendering on Mac OS systems.
body
// 1
overflow-x: clip
// 2
min-height: 100vh
min-height: 100dvh
// 3
margin: 0
// 4
background-color: #fff
background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff, #f0f2f4)
color: #212529
// 5
font-size: 1rem
// 6
line-height: 1.5
// 7
text-align: left
text-align: start
// 8
text-rendering: optimizeSpeed
// 9
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased
// 6
@media screen and (max-width: 27.25em), screen and (max-height: 41.25em)
line-height: 1.4
// 8
@media screen and (min-width: 80em)
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility
// 4
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark)
background-color: #121212
background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #121212, #0c080c)
color: #fff
// Ensure HTML5 structual elements and media elements
// display correctly in all browsers.
article, aside, canvas, details, dialog,
figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup,
legend, main, nav, section, summary, img, svg, video
display: block
// Better balance blocks of text in headings, blockqutoes, and figure captions.
// See: https://developer.chrome.com/docs/css-ui/css-text-wrap-balance
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6,
blockquote,
figcaption
text-wrap: balance
// 1. Remove the top margin for easier control as it avoids margin collapse.
// 2. Overwrite physical margin properties with logical margin properties if
// they are supported.
// 3. Correct the font size `<h1>` elements within `<section>` and
// <article> contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
h1
// 1
margin: 0 0 0.67em
// 2
margin-block-start: 0
margin-block-end: 0.67em
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
// 3
font-size: 2em
// Remove the top margin for easier control as it avoids margin collapse.
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6
margin-top: 0
margin-block-start: 0
// Limit the inline size of paragraphs to 92 characters.
// Set text-wrap to pretty if possible.
p
max-inline-size: 92ch
text-wrap: pretty
// Remove the top margin for easier control as it avoids margin collapse.
// Reset the side margins and change the bottom margin from `1em` to `1rem`.
// Overwrite bottom margin with margin-block-end for browesers that support it.
p,
dl,
ol,
ul,
blockquote,
figure
margin: 0 0 1em
margin: 0 0 1rem
margin-block-start: 0
margin-block-end: 1rem
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
// Normalize bold and strong across browsers.
b,
strong
font-weight: bolder
line-height: inherit
// Normalize small across browsers.
small
font-size: 80%
line-height: inherit
// Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
// all browsers.
sub,
sup
position: relative
vertical-align: baseline
font-size: 75%
line-height: 0
sub
bottom: -0.25em
inset-block-start: auto
inset-block-end: -0.25em
inset-inline-start: auto
inset-inline-end: auto
sup
top: -0.5em
inset-block-start: -0.5em
inset-block-end: auto
inset-inline-start: auto
inset-inline-end: auto
// Correct the odd font inheritance and size scaling issues seen
// in some browsers when using `code`, `kbd`, `pre`, and `samp`.
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp
font-family:
// Modern pan-device default
ui-monospace,
// macOS 10.10+
Menlo,
// macOS fallback
Monaco,
// Windows 6+
Consolas,
// Android 4+
'Roboto Mono',
// Ubuntu 10.10+
'Ubuntu Monospace',
// KDE Plasma 5+
'Noto Mono',
// KDE Plasma 4+
'Oxygen Mono',
// Linux/OpenOffice fallback
'Liberation Mono',
// Default fallback
monospace,
// Emoji fonts - Apple, Windows, Linux
'Apple Color Emoji',
'Segoe UI Emoji',
'Segoe UI Symbol',
'Noto Color Emoji'
font-size: 1em
code,
kbd
font-size: 0.875em
code
border-radius: 3px
background-color: #eee
word-break: break-word
// Opinionated styling for <kbd> elements
// to make them look like keyboard buttons
kbd
position: relative
top: -2px
top: -0.125rem
inset-block-start: -0.125rem
inset-block-end: auto
inset-inline-start: auto
inset-inline-end: auto
display: inline-block
padding: 4px 8px
padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem
padding-block-start: 0.25rem
padding-block-end: 0.25em
padding-inline-start: 0.5rem
padding-inline-end: 0.5rem
border: 1px solid #b4b4b4
border-radius: 3px
background-color: #eee
color: #333
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 2px 0 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7) inset
font-size: 0.875em
font-weight: 700
line-height: 1
white-space: nowrap
// 1. Dont't allow content to break outside.
// 2. Remove top margin to avoid vertical margin collapse.
// 3. Overwrite physical margin properties with logical margin properties for
// browsers that support it to improve internationalization.
// 4. Having @viewport set causes scrollbars to overlap content in legacy Edge
// and IE11, so force a non-overlapping, non-auto-hiding scrollbar.
pre
// 1
overflow: auto
// 2
margin: 0 0 1em
margin: 0 0 1rem
// 3
margin-block-start: 0
margin-block-end: 1rem
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
// 4
-ms-overflow-style: scrollbar
:where(pre:has(code))
max-width: 110ch
max-inline-size: 110ch
max-height: 21.25rem
max-block-size: 21.25rem
padding-block: 0.25rem
padding-inline: 0.5rem
border: 1px solid #ddd
border-radius: 3px
background-color: #eee
:where(pre) code
border-radius: 0
background-color: inherit
word-break: inherit
output
display: inline-block
address
margin-bottom: 1em
margin-bottom: 1rem
margin-block-start: 0
margin-block-end: 1rem
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
font-style: normal
line-height: inherit
// 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
// 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
// 3. Add explicit cursor to indicate changed behavior.
dfn[title],
abbr[title]
acronym[title]
// 1
border-bottom: none
// 2
text-decoration: underline
text-decoration: underline dotted
// 3
cursor: help
// Render tables with collapsed borders and other improved defaults.
table
vertical-align: middle
border-spacing: 0
border-collapse: collapse
border-color: #808080
border-color: currentColor
text-indent: 0
font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums
// Child-combinator `tr` for tables without table section elements,
// which can happen with XHTML or dynamically created tables.
table,
table > tr
vertical-align: middle
caption
padding: 12px 0
padding: 0.75rem 0
padding-block-start: 0.75rem
padding-block-end: 0.75rem
padding-inline-start: 0
padding-inline-end: 0
color: #6c757d
caption-side: bottom
text-align: inherit
// Matches default `<td>` alignment by inheriting from the `<body>`, or the
// closest parent with a set `text-align`.
th
text-align: inherit
// A better looking horizontal rule that looks the same in all browsers
// and inherits the color of the parent element's text so that it looks good
// by default on all background colors.
hr
display: block
overflow: hidden
-webkit-box-sizing: content-box
box-sizing: content-box
height: 0
padding: 0
border: 0
border-top: 1px solid #808080
border-top-color: currentColor
margin: 1em 0
margin: 1rem 0
margin-block-start: 1rem
margin-block-end: 1rem
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
color: inherit
opacity: 0.6
// If you do not like the look of the modified <hr> above, and you want a more
// traditional horizontal rule without having to overwrite styling yourself, use
// the `hr-light` class.
hr.hr-light
border-top-color: #ccc
opacity: 1
// Add the correct font style in Android 4.3- and Safari 5.1-
cite,
var,
dfn
font-style: italic
// Undo browser default inline start margin
dd
margin: 0 0 0.5em
margin: 0 0 0.5rem
margin-block-start: 0
margin-block-end: 0.5rem
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
// Reset all list styles for <ol> and <ul> elements used in <nav> elements
menu,
nav ol,
nav ul,
footer ol,
footer ul
padding: 0
margin: 0
list-style: none
// Remove the margin on nested detail lists in IE and some versions of Chrome,
// Edge, and Safari. Remove margin on nested ordered and unordered lists in
// legacy Edge (18-) and IE.
dl dl, dl ol, dl ul,
ol dl, ol ol, ol ul,
ul dl, ul ol, ul ul
margin: 0
// Prevent VoiceOver from ignoring list semantics in Safari
nav li:before
content: '\200B'
float: left
// Ensure dialog elements always displayed correctly.
dialog
position: absolute
right: 0
left: 0
width: -webkit-intrinsic
width: -moz-fit-content
width: fit-content
height: -webkit-intrinsic
height: -moz-fit-content
height: fit-content
padding: 1em
border: solid
margin: auto
background-color: #fff
color: #111
// Ensures dialog elements without the 'open' attribute are not displayed and
// adds the correct display value for template elements in legacy Edge and IE.
dialog:not([open]),
template
display: none
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
// #FORMS ------------------------------------------------------------------- //
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 1. Remove the margins in Firefox and Safari.
// 2. Change the font styles correctly across browsers.
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea
margin: 0
font-family: inherit
font-size: 100%
line-height: 1.15
// Fix the inconsistent default appearance across browsers.
button,
input,
select,
textarea
padding: 0.25em 0.375em
padding-block-start: 0.25em
padding-block-end: 0.25em
padding-inline-start: 0.375em
padding-inline-end: 0.375em
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)
color: inherit
letter-spacing: inherit
// Ensure the correct touch action for these elements across mobile browsers.
a,
area,
button,
[role='button'],
input:not([type='range']),
label,
select,
summary,
textarea,
[tabindex='0']
-ms-touch-action: manipulation
touch-action: manipulation
// 1. Remove the gray background on active links in IE10.
// 2. Remove underline from links and add them back as a hover/focus effect.
// 3. Ensure default cursor behavior on links.
// 4. Remove gaps in link underlines in iOS8+ and Safari 8+ (opinionated).
// 5. Add a fake color to `:link` and `:visited` which will cause those
// link states to fall back to the color set on the `<a>` itself.
a
// 1
background-color: transparent
// 2
text-decoration: none
// 3
cursor: pointer
// 4
-webkit-text-decoration-skip: objects
// 5
&:link,
&:visited
color: _
// 2
&:hover,
&:focus,
&:active
text-decoration: underline
// And undo these styles for placeholder links/named anchors (without href)
// which have not been made explicitly keyboard-focusable (without tabindex).
a:not([href]):not([tabindex])
color: inherit
text-decoration: none
&:hover,
&:focus
color: inherit
text-decoration: none
&:focus
outline: 0
// Show the overflow in legacy Edge (18-) and IE.
button,
input
overflow: visible
// Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge and Firefox.
button,
select
text-transform: none
// Fix the inconsistent appearance across browsers.
select
padding: 0.125em 1em 0.125em 0.25em
padding-block-start: 0.125em
padding-block-end: 0.125em
padding-inline-start: 0.25em
padding-inline-end: 1em
border-radius: 0
-webkit-appearance: none
-moz-appearance: none
appearance: none
background: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='4'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 0h6L7 4'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") no-repeat right center / 1em
// Don't show the arrow for multiple choice selects
select[multiple]
background-image: none
// Ensure the same default "down arrow" to indicate
// available options in a select box
select:not([multiple]):not([size])
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='4'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 0h6L7 4'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")
// 1. Remove the default `border-radius` that macOS Chrome adds.
// 2. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
// 3. Changes the default cursor on all buttons to the pointer.
button,
[type='button'],
[type='reset'],
[type='submit']
// 1
border-radius: 0
// 2
-webkit-appearance: button
// 3
cursor: pointer
// Remove the inner border and padding on focused buttons in Firefox.
button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type='button']::-moz-focus-inner,
[type='reset']::-moz-focus-inner,
[type='submit']::-moz-focus-inner
padding: 0
border-style: none
// Remove the padding and add the correct box sizing in IE 10-
[type='checkbox'],
[type='radio']
box-sizing: border-box
padding: 0
// Remove the border and padding in all browsers (opinionated)
[type='color'],
[type='range']
padding: 0
border-width: 0
// Remove the default appearance of temporal inputs to avoid a Mobile Safari
// bug where setting a custom line-height prevents text from being vertically
// centered within the input.
// See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=139848
// and https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/11266
input[type='date'],
input[type='time'],
input[type='datetime-local'],
input[type='month']
-webkit-appearance: listbox
// Remove the default vertical scrollbar and restric horizontal resizing.
textarea
overflow: auto
resize: vertical
input:disabled,
select:disabled,
textarea:disabled
background-color: #e6e6e6
cursor: not-allowed
// Reset fieldsets to make them behave more like a standard block element and
// not negatively affect page layout.
// See https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/12359
// and https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements
fieldset
min-width: 0
padding: 0
border: 0
margin: 0
// Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE and the color inheritance from
// <fieldset> elements in IE. Remove the padding so developers are not caught
// out when they zero out <fieldset> elements.
legend
width: 100%
max-width: 100%
padding: 0
margin-bottom: 0.36364em
margin-bottom: 0.5rem
margin-block-start: 0
margin-block-end: 0.5rem
margin-inline-start: 0
margin-inline-end: 0
color: inherit
font-size: 22px
font-size: 1.375rem
line-height: inherit
white-space: normal
// Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
progress
display: inline-block
vertical-align: baseline
// Suppress the focus outline on elements that cannot be accessed via keyboard.
// This prevents an unwanted focus outline from appearing around elements that
// might still respond to pointer events.
[tabindex='-1']:focus
outline: 0 !important
// Fix inconsistent behavior in Legacy Edge and IE
::-ms-expand
display: none
// Correct the text style of placeholders in Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Safari.
:-moz-placeholder
color: inherit
opacity: 0.54
::-webkit-input-placeholder
color: inherit
opacity: 0.54
::placeholder
color: inherit
opacity: 0.54
// Remove the additional :invalid styles in Firefox.
:-moz-ui-invalid
-moz-box-shadow: none
box-shadow: none
:-moz-submit-invalid
-moz-box-shadow: none
box-shadow: none
:invalid
-webkit-box-shadow: none
-moz-box-shadow: none
box-shadow: none
// 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
// 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
::-webkit-file-upload-button
font: inherit
-webkit-appearance: button
// Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
::-webkit-outer-spin-button
height: auto
// Correct the appearance in Chrome and Safari and the outline style in Safari.
[type='search']
-webkit-appearance: none
-webkit-appearance: textfield
outline-offset: -2px
// Remove the inner padding on search cancel buttons and search decorations in
// Chrome and Safari on macOS.
::-webkit-search-decoration,
::-webkit-search-cancel-button
-webkit-appearance: none
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
// #EMBEDDED MEDIA AND OTHER CONTENT ---------------------------------------- //
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Make maintaining media aspect-ratios simple
audio,
canvas,
embed,
iframe,
img,
input,
object,
select,
textarea,
video
max-width: 100%
height: auto
// Change the alignment on media elements in all browsers.
audio,
canvas,
iframe,
img,
svg,
video
vertical-align: middle
// The styles necessary for the most optimized <img> defaults.
// The other styles associated with img are grouped with other selectors.
img
border-style: none
background-size: cover
background-repeat: no-repeat
font-style: italic
shape-margin: 1rem
// IE fix for .svg as the src for an <img> scaling improperly.
&[src$='.svg']
width: 100%
// Render .svg, .bmp, .png, and .svg <img> elements
// optimizing for quality over speed.
&[src$='.bmp'],
&[src$='.gif'],
&[src$='.png'],
&[src$='.svg']
image-rendering: -webkit-optimize-contrast
image-rendering: optimizeQuality
image-rendering: crisp-edges
// If supported, apply smooth rendering to images likely to be photos.
&[src$='.avif'],
&[src$='.jp2'],
&[src$='.jpeg'],
&[src$='.jpg'],
&[src$='.jxr'],
&[src$='.webp']
image-rendering: smooth
iframe
border: 0
summary
cursor: pointer
// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/C/#the-details-and-summary-elements
// The specification doesn't have details > summary:first-of-type but
// it is added because modern Chrome, Safari, and Firefox use
// `summary { display: block }` as there are sites using `<summary>`
// without `<details>`, and they expect that `<summary>` will not display
// as a list-item when doing so. This will add the correct display back
// for those browsers when `<summary>` is used with `<details>`.