crypto_keys.cc

#include "crypto/crypto_keys.h"
#include "crypto/crypto_common.h"
#include "crypto/crypto_dsa.h"
#include "crypto/crypto_ec.h"
#include "crypto/crypto_dh.h"
#include "crypto/crypto_rsa.h"
#include "crypto/crypto_util.h"
#include "async_wrap-inl.h"
#include "base_object-inl.h"
#include "env-inl.h"
#include "memory_tracker-inl.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "node_buffer.h"
#include "string_bytes.h"
#include "threadpoolwork-inl.h"
#include "util-inl.h"
#include "v8.h"

namespace node {

using v8::Array;
using v8::Context;
using v8::Function;
using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;
using v8::FunctionTemplate;
using v8::Int32;
using v8::Just;
using v8::Local;
using v8::Maybe;
using v8::MaybeLocal;
using v8::NewStringType;
using v8::Nothing;
using v8::Number;
using v8::Object;
using v8::String;
using v8::Uint32;
using v8::Undefined;
using v8::Value;

namespace crypto {
namespace {
void GetKeyFormatAndTypeFromJs(
    AsymmetricKeyEncodingConfig* config,
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
    unsigned int* offset,
    KeyEncodingContext context) {
  // During key pair generation, it is possible not to specify a key encoding,
  // which will lead to a key object being returned.
  if (args[*offset]->IsUndefined()) {
    CHECK_EQ(context, kKeyContextGenerate);
    CHECK(args[*offset + 1]->IsUndefined());
    config->output_key_object_ = true;
  } else {
    config->output_key_object_ = false;

    CHECK(args[*offset]->IsInt32());
    config->format_ = static_cast<PKFormatType>(
        args[*offset].As<Int32>()->Value());

    if (args[*offset + 1]->IsInt32()) {
      config->type_ = Just<PKEncodingType>(static_cast<PKEncodingType>(
          args[*offset + 1].As<Int32>()->Value()));
    } else {
      CHECK(
          (context == kKeyContextInput &&
           config->format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) ||
          (context == kKeyContextGenerate &&
           config->format_ == kKeyFormatJWK));
      CHECK(args[*offset + 1]->IsNullOrUndefined());
      config->type_ = Nothing<PKEncodingType>();
    }
  }

  *offset += 2;
}

ParseKeyResult TryParsePublicKey(
    EVPKeyPointer* pkey,
    const BIOPointer& bp,
    const char* name,
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(runtime/int)
    const std::function<EVP_PKEY*(const unsigned char** p, long l)>& parse) {
  unsigned char* der_data;
  long der_len;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)

  // This skips surrounding data and decodes PEM to DER.
  {
    MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;
    if (PEM_bytes_read_bio(&der_data, &der_len, nullptr, name,
                           bp.get(), nullptr, nullptr) != 1)
      return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyNotRecognized;
  }

  // OpenSSL might modify the pointer, so we need to make a copy before parsing.
  const unsigned char* p = der_data;
  pkey->reset(parse(&p, der_len));
  OPENSSL_clear_free(der_data, der_len);

  return *pkey ? ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyOk :
                 ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyFailed;
}

ParseKeyResult ParsePublicKeyPEM(EVPKeyPointer* pkey,
                                 const char* key_pem,
                                 int key_pem_len) {
  BIOPointer bp(BIO_new_mem_buf(const_cast<char*>(key_pem), key_pem_len));
  if (!bp)
    return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyFailed;

  ParseKeyResult ret;

  // Try parsing as a SubjectPublicKeyInfo first.
  ret = TryParsePublicKey(pkey, bp, "PUBLIC KEY",
      [](const unsigned char** p, long l) {  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
        return d2i_PUBKEY(nullptr, p, l);
      });
  if (ret != ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyNotRecognized)
    return ret;

  // Maybe it is PKCS#1.
  CHECK(BIO_reset(bp.get()));
  ret = TryParsePublicKey(pkey, bp, "RSA PUBLIC KEY",
      [](const unsigned char** p, long l) {  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
        return d2i_PublicKey(EVP_PKEY_RSA, nullptr, p, l);
      });
  if (ret != ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyNotRecognized)
    return ret;

  // X.509 fallback.
  CHECK(BIO_reset(bp.get()));
  return TryParsePublicKey(pkey, bp, "CERTIFICATE",
      [](const unsigned char** p, long l) {  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
        X509Pointer x509(d2i_X509(nullptr, p, l));
        return x509 ? X509_get_pubkey(x509.get()) : nullptr;
      });
}

ParseKeyResult ParsePublicKey(EVPKeyPointer* pkey,
                              const PublicKeyEncodingConfig& config,
                              const char* key,
                              size_t key_len) {
  if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
    return ParsePublicKeyPEM(pkey, key, key_len);
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);

    const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key);
    if (config.type_.ToChecked() == kKeyEncodingPKCS1) {
      pkey->reset(d2i_PublicKey(EVP_PKEY_RSA, nullptr, &p, key_len));
    } else {
      CHECK_EQ(config.type_.ToChecked(), kKeyEncodingSPKI);
      pkey->reset(d2i_PUBKEY(nullptr, &p, key_len));
    }

    return *pkey ? ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyOk :
                   ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyFailed;
  }
}

bool IsASN1Sequence(const unsigned char* data, size_t size,
                    size_t* data_offset, size_t* data_size) {
  if (size < 2 || data[0] != 0x30)
    return false;

  if (data[1] & 0x80) {
    // Long form.
    size_t n_bytes = data[1] & ~0x80;
    if (n_bytes + 2 > size || n_bytes > sizeof(size_t))
      return false;
    size_t length = 0;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_bytes; i++)
      length = (length << 8) | data[i + 2];
    *data_offset = 2 + n_bytes;
    *data_size = std::min(size - 2 - n_bytes, length);
  } else {
    // Short form.
    *data_offset = 2;
    *data_size = std::min<size_t>(size - 2, data[1]);
  }

  return true;
}

bool IsRSAPrivateKey(const unsigned char* data, size_t size) {
  // Both RSAPrivateKey and RSAPublicKey structures start with a SEQUENCE.
  size_t offset, len;
  if (!IsASN1Sequence(data, size, &offset, &len))
    return false;

  // An RSAPrivateKey sequence always starts with a single-byte integer whose
  // value is either 0 or 1, whereas an RSAPublicKey starts with the modulus
  // (which is the product of two primes and therefore at least 4), so we can
  // decide the type of the structure based on the first three bytes of the
  // sequence.
  return len >= 3 &&
         data[offset] == 2 &&
         data[offset + 1] == 1 &&
         !(data[offset + 2] & 0xfe);
}

bool IsEncryptedPrivateKeyInfo(const unsigned char* data, size_t size) {
  // Both PrivateKeyInfo and EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo start with a SEQUENCE.
  size_t offset, len;
  if (!IsASN1Sequence(data, size, &offset, &len))
    return false;

  // A PrivateKeyInfo sequence always starts with an integer whereas an
  // EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo starts with an AlgorithmIdentifier.
  return len >= 1 &&
         data[offset] != 2;
}

ParseKeyResult ParsePrivateKey(EVPKeyPointer* pkey,
                               const PrivateKeyEncodingConfig& config,
                               const char* key,
                               size_t key_len) {
  const ByteSource* passphrase = config.passphrase_.get();

  if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
    BIOPointer bio(BIO_new_mem_buf(key, key_len));
    if (!bio)
      return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyFailed;

    pkey->reset(PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio.get(),
                                        nullptr,
                                        PasswordCallback,
                                        &passphrase));
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);

    if (config.type_.ToChecked() == kKeyEncodingPKCS1) {
      const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key);
      pkey->reset(d2i_PrivateKey(EVP_PKEY_RSA, nullptr, &p, key_len));
    } else if (config.type_.ToChecked() == kKeyEncodingPKCS8) {
      BIOPointer bio(BIO_new_mem_buf(key, key_len));
      if (!bio)
        return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyFailed;

      if (IsEncryptedPrivateKeyInfo(
              reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key), key_len)) {
        pkey->reset(d2i_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio(bio.get(),
                                            nullptr,
                                            PasswordCallback,
                                            &passphrase));
      } else {
        PKCS8Pointer p8inf(d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_bio(bio.get(), nullptr));
        if (p8inf)
          pkey->reset(EVP_PKCS82PKEY(p8inf.get()));
      }
    } else {
      CHECK_EQ(config.type_.ToChecked(), kKeyEncodingSEC1);
      const unsigned char* p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(key);
      pkey->reset(d2i_PrivateKey(EVP_PKEY_EC, nullptr, &p, key_len));
    }
  }

  // OpenSSL can fail to parse the key but still return a non-null pointer.
  unsigned long err = ERR_peek_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  if (err != 0)
    pkey->reset();

  if (*pkey)
    return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyOk;
  if (ERR_GET_LIB(err) == ERR_LIB_PEM &&
      ERR_GET_REASON(err) == PEM_R_BAD_PASSWORD_READ) {
    if (config.passphrase_.IsEmpty())
      return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyNeedPassphrase;
  }
  return ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyFailed;
}

MaybeLocal<Value> BIOToStringOrBuffer(
    Environment* env,
    BIO* bio,
    PKFormatType format) {
  BUF_MEM* bptr;
  BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &bptr);
  if (format == kKeyFormatPEM) {
    // PEM is an ASCII format, so we will return it as a string.
    return String::NewFromUtf8(env->isolate(), bptr->data,
                               NewStringType::kNormal,
                               bptr->length).FromMaybe(Local<Value>());
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(format, kKeyFormatDER);
    // DER is binary, return it as a buffer.
    return Buffer::Copy(env, bptr->data, bptr->length)
        .FromMaybe(Local<Value>());
  }
}


MaybeLocal<Value> WritePrivateKey(
    Environment* env,
    EVP_PKEY* pkey,
    const PrivateKeyEncodingConfig& config) {
  BIOPointer bio(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
  CHECK(bio);

  // If an empty string was passed as the passphrase, the ByteSource might
  // contain a null pointer, which OpenSSL will ignore, causing it to invoke its
  // default passphrase callback, which would block the thread until the user
  // manually enters a passphrase. We could supply our own passphrase callback
  // to handle this special case, but it is easier to avoid passing a null
  // pointer to OpenSSL.
  char* pass = nullptr;
  size_t pass_len = 0;
  if (!config.passphrase_.IsEmpty()) {
    pass = const_cast<char*>(config.passphrase_->get());
    pass_len = config.passphrase_->size();
    if (pass == nullptr) {
      // OpenSSL will not actually dereference this pointer, so it can be any
      // non-null pointer. We cannot assert that directly, which is why we
      // intentionally use a pointer that will likely cause a segmentation fault
      // when dereferenced.
      CHECK_EQ(pass_len, 0);
      pass = reinterpret_cast<char*>(-1);
      CHECK_NE(pass, nullptr);
    }
  }

  bool err;

  PKEncodingType encoding_type = config.type_.ToChecked();
  if (encoding_type == kKeyEncodingPKCS1) {
    // PKCS#1 is only permitted for RSA keys.
    CHECK_EQ(EVP_PKEY_id(pkey), EVP_PKEY_RSA);

    RSAPointer rsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey));
    if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
      // Encode PKCS#1 as PEM.
      err = PEM_write_bio_RSAPrivateKey(
                bio.get(), rsa.get(),
                config.cipher_,
                reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(pass),
                pass_len,
                nullptr, nullptr) != 1;
    } else {
      // Encode PKCS#1 as DER. This does not permit encryption.
      CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);
      CHECK_NULL(config.cipher_);
      err = i2d_RSAPrivateKey_bio(bio.get(), rsa.get()) != 1;
    }
  } else if (encoding_type == kKeyEncodingPKCS8) {
    if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
      // Encode PKCS#8 as PEM.
      err = PEM_write_bio_PKCS8PrivateKey(
                bio.get(), pkey,
                config.cipher_,
                pass,
                pass_len,
                nullptr, nullptr) != 1;
    } else {
      // Encode PKCS#8 as DER.
      CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);
      err = i2d_PKCS8PrivateKey_bio(
                bio.get(), pkey,
                config.cipher_,
                pass,
                pass_len,
                nullptr, nullptr) != 1;
    }
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(encoding_type, kKeyEncodingSEC1);

    // SEC1 is only permitted for EC keys.
    CHECK_EQ(EVP_PKEY_id(pkey), EVP_PKEY_EC);

    ECKeyPointer ec_key(EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pkey));
    if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
      // Encode SEC1 as PEM.
      err = PEM_write_bio_ECPrivateKey(
                bio.get(), ec_key.get(),
                config.cipher_,
                reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(pass),
                pass_len,
                nullptr, nullptr) != 1;
    } else {
      // Encode SEC1 as DER. This does not permit encryption.
      CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);
      CHECK_NULL(config.cipher_);
      err = i2d_ECPrivateKey_bio(bio.get(), ec_key.get()) != 1;
    }
  }

  if (err) {
    ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Failed to encode private key");
    return MaybeLocal<Value>();
  }
  return BIOToStringOrBuffer(env, bio.get(), config.format_);
}

bool WritePublicKeyInner(EVP_PKEY* pkey,
                         const BIOPointer& bio,
                         const PublicKeyEncodingConfig& config) {
  if (config.type_.ToChecked() == kKeyEncodingPKCS1) {
    // PKCS#1 is only valid for RSA keys.
    CHECK_EQ(EVP_PKEY_id(pkey), EVP_PKEY_RSA);
    RSAPointer rsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pkey));
    if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
      // Encode PKCS#1 as PEM.
      return PEM_write_bio_RSAPublicKey(bio.get(), rsa.get()) == 1;
    } else {
      // Encode PKCS#1 as DER.
      CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);
      return i2d_RSAPublicKey_bio(bio.get(), rsa.get()) == 1;
    }
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(config.type_.ToChecked(), kKeyEncodingSPKI);
    if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
      // Encode SPKI as PEM.
      return PEM_write_bio_PUBKEY(bio.get(), pkey) == 1;
    } else {
      // Encode SPKI as DER.
      CHECK_EQ(config.format_, kKeyFormatDER);
      return i2d_PUBKEY_bio(bio.get(), pkey) == 1;
    }
  }
}

MaybeLocal<Value> WritePublicKey(Environment* env,
                                 EVP_PKEY* pkey,
                                 const PublicKeyEncodingConfig& config) {
  BIOPointer bio(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
  CHECK(bio);

  if (!WritePublicKeyInner(pkey, bio, config)) {
    ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), "Failed to encode public key");
    return MaybeLocal<Value>();
  }
  return BIOToStringOrBuffer(env, bio.get(), config.format_);
}

Maybe<bool> ExportJWKSecretKey(
    Environment* env,
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key,
    Local<Object> target) {
  CHECK_EQ(key->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypeSecret);

  Local<Value> error;
  Local<Value> raw;
  MaybeLocal<Value> key_data =
      StringBytes::Encode(
          env->isolate(),
          key->GetSymmetricKey(),
          key->GetSymmetricKeySize(),
          BASE64URL,
          &error);
  if (key_data.IsEmpty()) {
    CHECK(!error.IsEmpty());
    env->isolate()->ThrowException(error);
    return Nothing<bool>();
  }
  if (!key_data.ToLocal(&raw))
    return Nothing<bool>();

  if (target->Set(
          env->context(),
          env->jwk_kty_string(),
          env->jwk_oct_string()).IsNothing() ||
      target->Set(
          env->context(),
          env->jwk_k_string(),
          raw).IsNothing()) {
    return Nothing<bool>();
  }

  return Just(true);
}

std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> ImportJWKSecretKey(
    Environment* env,
    Local<Object> jwk) {
  Local<Value> key;
  if (!jwk->Get(env->context(), env->jwk_k_string()).ToLocal(&key) ||
      !key->IsString()) {
    THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK(env, "Invalid JWK secret key format");
    return std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData>();
  }

  ByteSource key_data = ByteSource::FromEncodedString(env, key.As<String>());
  if (key_data.size() > INT_MAX) {
    THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_KEYLEN(env);
    return std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData>();
  }

  return KeyObjectData::CreateSecret(std::move(key_data));
}

Maybe<bool> ExportJWKAsymmetricKey(
    Environment* env,
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key,
    Local<Object> target,
    bool handleRsaPss) {
  switch (EVP_PKEY_id(key->GetAsymmetricKey().get())) {
    case EVP_PKEY_RSA_PSS: {
      if (handleRsaPss) return ExportJWKRsaKey(env, key, target);
      break;
    }
    case EVP_PKEY_RSA: return ExportJWKRsaKey(env, key, target);
    case EVP_PKEY_EC: return ExportJWKEcKey(env, key, target);
    case EVP_PKEY_ED25519:
      // Fall through
    case EVP_PKEY_ED448:
      // Fall through
    case EVP_PKEY_X25519:
      // Fall through
    case EVP_PKEY_X448: return ExportJWKEdKey(env, key, target);
  }
  THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_JWK_UNSUPPORTED_KEY_TYPE(env);
  return Just(false);
}

std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> ImportJWKAsymmetricKey(
    Environment* env,
    Local<Object> jwk,
    const char* kty,
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
    unsigned int offset) {
  if (strcmp(kty, "RSA") == 0) {
    return ImportJWKRsaKey(env, jwk, args, offset);
  } else if (strcmp(kty, "EC") == 0) {
    return ImportJWKEcKey(env, jwk, args, offset);
  }

  THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK(env, "%s is not a supported JWK key type", kty);
  return std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData>();
}

Maybe<bool> GetSecretKeyDetail(
    Environment* env,
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key,
    Local<Object> target) {
  // For the secret key detail, all we care about is the length,
  // converted to bits.

  size_t length = key->GetSymmetricKeySize() * CHAR_BIT;
  return target->Set(env->context(),
                     env->length_string(),
                     Number::New(env->isolate(), static_cast<double>(length)));
}

Maybe<bool> GetAsymmetricKeyDetail(
  Environment* env,
  std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key,
  Local<Object> target) {
  switch (EVP_PKEY_id(key->GetAsymmetricKey().get())) {
    case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
      // Fall through
    case EVP_PKEY_RSA_PSS: return GetRsaKeyDetail(env, key, target);
    case EVP_PKEY_DSA: return GetDsaKeyDetail(env, key, target);
    case EVP_PKEY_EC: return GetEcKeyDetail(env, key, target);
    case EVP_PKEY_DH: return GetDhKeyDetail(env, key, target);
  }
  THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_KEYTYPE(env);
  return Nothing<bool>();
}
}  // namespace

ManagedEVPPKey::ManagedEVPPKey(EVPKeyPointer&& pkey) : pkey_(std::move(pkey)),
    mutex_(std::make_shared<Mutex>()) {}

ManagedEVPPKey::ManagedEVPPKey(const ManagedEVPPKey& that) {
  *this = that;
}

ManagedEVPPKey& ManagedEVPPKey::operator=(const ManagedEVPPKey& that) {
  Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*that.mutex_);

  pkey_.reset(that.get());

  if (pkey_)
    EVP_PKEY_up_ref(pkey_.get());

  mutex_ = that.mutex_;

  return *this;
}

ManagedEVPPKey::operator bool() const {
  return !!pkey_;
}

EVP_PKEY* ManagedEVPPKey::get() const {
  return pkey_.get();
}

Mutex* ManagedEVPPKey::mutex() const {
  return mutex_.get();
}

void ManagedEVPPKey::MemoryInfo(MemoryTracker* tracker) const {
  tracker->TrackFieldWithSize("pkey",
                              !pkey_ ? 0 : kSizeOf_EVP_PKEY +
                              size_of_private_key() +
                              size_of_public_key());
}

size_t ManagedEVPPKey::size_of_private_key() const {
  size_t len = 0;
  return (pkey_ && EVP_PKEY_get_raw_private_key(
      pkey_.get(), nullptr, &len) == 1) ? len : 0;
}

size_t ManagedEVPPKey::size_of_public_key() const {
  size_t len = 0;
  return (pkey_ && EVP_PKEY_get_raw_public_key(
      pkey_.get(), nullptr, &len) == 1) ? len : 0;
}

// This maps true to Just<bool>(true) and false to Nothing<bool>().
static inline Maybe<bool> Tristate(bool b) {
  return b ? Just(true) : Nothing<bool>();
}

Maybe<bool> ExportJWKInner(Environment* env,
                           std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key,
                           Local<Value> result,
                           bool handleRsaPss) {
  switch (key->GetKeyType()) {
    case kKeyTypeSecret:
      return ExportJWKSecretKey(env, key, result.As<Object>());
    case kKeyTypePublic:
      // Fall through
    case kKeyTypePrivate:
      return ExportJWKAsymmetricKey(
        env, key, result.As<Object>(), handleRsaPss);
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

Maybe<bool> ManagedEVPPKey::ToEncodedPublicKey(
    Environment* env,
    ManagedEVPPKey key,
    const PublicKeyEncodingConfig& config,
    Local<Value>* out) {
  if (!key) return Nothing<bool>();
  if (config.output_key_object_) {
    // Note that this has the downside of containing sensitive data of the
    // private key.
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> data =
          KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(kKeyTypePublic, std::move(key));
    return Tristate(KeyObjectHandle::Create(env, data).ToLocal(out));
  } else if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatJWK) {
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> data =
        KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(kKeyTypePublic, std::move(key));
    *out = Object::New(env->isolate());
    return ExportJWKInner(env, data, *out, false);
  }

  return Tristate(WritePublicKey(env, key.get(), config).ToLocal(out));
}

Maybe<bool> ManagedEVPPKey::ToEncodedPrivateKey(
    Environment* env,
    ManagedEVPPKey key,
    const PrivateKeyEncodingConfig& config,
    Local<Value>* out) {
  if (!key) return Nothing<bool>();
  if (config.output_key_object_) {
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> data =
        KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(kKeyTypePrivate, std::move(key));
    return Tristate(KeyObjectHandle::Create(env, data).ToLocal(out));
  } else if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatJWK) {
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> data =
        KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(kKeyTypePrivate, std::move(key));
    *out = Object::New(env->isolate());
    return ExportJWKInner(env, data, *out, false);
  }

  return Tristate(WritePrivateKey(env, key.get(), config).ToLocal(out));
}

NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig>
ManagedEVPPKey::GetPrivateKeyEncodingFromJs(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
    unsigned int* offset,
    KeyEncodingContext context) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  PrivateKeyEncodingConfig result;
  GetKeyFormatAndTypeFromJs(&result, args, offset, context);

  if (result.output_key_object_) {
    if (context != kKeyContextInput)
      (*offset)++;
  } else {
    bool needs_passphrase = false;
    if (context != kKeyContextInput) {
      if (args[*offset]->IsString()) {
        Utf8Value cipher_name(env->isolate(), args[*offset]);
        result.cipher_ = EVP_get_cipherbyname(*cipher_name);
        if (result.cipher_ == nullptr) {
          THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_UNKNOWN_CIPHER(env);
          return NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig>();
        }
        needs_passphrase = true;
      } else {
        CHECK(args[*offset]->IsNullOrUndefined());
        result.cipher_ = nullptr;
      }
      (*offset)++;
    }

    if (IsAnyByteSource(args[*offset])) {
      CHECK_IMPLIES(context != kKeyContextInput, result.cipher_ != nullptr);
      ArrayBufferOrViewContents<char> passphrase(args[*offset]);
      if (UNLIKELY(!passphrase.CheckSizeInt32())) {
        THROW_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(env, "passphrase is too big");
        return NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig>();
      }
      result.passphrase_ = NonCopyableMaybe<ByteSource>(
          passphrase.ToNullTerminatedCopy());
    } else {
      CHECK(args[*offset]->IsNullOrUndefined() && !needs_passphrase);
    }
  }

  (*offset)++;
  return NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig>(std::move(result));
}

PublicKeyEncodingConfig ManagedEVPPKey::GetPublicKeyEncodingFromJs(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
    unsigned int* offset,
    KeyEncodingContext context) {
  PublicKeyEncodingConfig result;
  GetKeyFormatAndTypeFromJs(&result, args, offset, context);
  return result;
}

ManagedEVPPKey ManagedEVPPKey::GetPrivateKeyFromJs(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
    unsigned int* offset,
    bool allow_key_object) {
  if (args[*offset]->IsString() || IsAnyByteSource(args[*offset])) {
    Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
    ByteSource key = ByteSource::FromStringOrBuffer(env, args[(*offset)++]);
    NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig> config =
        GetPrivateKeyEncodingFromJs(args, offset, kKeyContextInput);
    if (config.IsEmpty())
      return ManagedEVPPKey();

    EVPKeyPointer pkey;
    ParseKeyResult ret =
        ParsePrivateKey(&pkey, config.Release(), key.get(), key.size());
    return GetParsedKey(env, std::move(pkey), ret,
                        "Failed to read private key");
  } else {
    CHECK(args[*offset]->IsObject() && allow_key_object);
    KeyObjectHandle* key;
    ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args[*offset].As<Object>(), ManagedEVPPKey());
    CHECK_EQ(key->Data()->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypePrivate);
    (*offset) += 4;
    return key->Data()->GetAsymmetricKey();
  }
}

ManagedEVPPKey ManagedEVPPKey::GetPublicOrPrivateKeyFromJs(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args,
    unsigned int* offset) {
  if (IsAnyByteSource(args[*offset])) {
    Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
    ArrayBufferOrViewContents<char> data(args[(*offset)++]);
    if (UNLIKELY(!data.CheckSizeInt32())) {
      THROW_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE(env, "keyData is too big");
      return ManagedEVPPKey();
    }
    NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig> config_ =
        GetPrivateKeyEncodingFromJs(args, offset, kKeyContextInput);
    if (config_.IsEmpty())
      return ManagedEVPPKey();

    ParseKeyResult ret;
    PrivateKeyEncodingConfig config = config_.Release();
    EVPKeyPointer pkey;
    if (config.format_ == kKeyFormatPEM) {
      // For PEM, we can easily determine whether it is a public or private key
      // by looking for the respective PEM tags.
      ret = ParsePublicKeyPEM(&pkey, data.data(), data.size());
      if (ret == ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyNotRecognized) {
        ret = ParsePrivateKey(&pkey, config, data.data(), data.size());
      }
    } else {
      // For DER, the type determines how to parse it. SPKI, PKCS#8 and SEC1 are
      // easy, but PKCS#1 can be a public key or a private key.
      bool is_public;
      switch (config.type_.ToChecked()) {
        case kKeyEncodingPKCS1:
          is_public = !IsRSAPrivateKey(
              reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(data.data()), data.size());
          break;
        case kKeyEncodingSPKI:
          is_public = true;
          break;
        case kKeyEncodingPKCS8:
        case kKeyEncodingSEC1:
          is_public = false;
          break;
        default:
          UNREACHABLE("Invalid key encoding type");
      }

      if (is_public) {
        ret = ParsePublicKey(&pkey, config, data.data(), data.size());
      } else {
        ret = ParsePrivateKey(&pkey, config, data.data(), data.size());
      }
    }

    return ManagedEVPPKey::GetParsedKey(
        env, std::move(pkey), ret, "Failed to read asymmetric key");
  } else {
    CHECK(args[*offset]->IsObject());
    KeyObjectHandle* key = Unwrap<KeyObjectHandle>(args[*offset].As<Object>());
    CHECK_NOT_NULL(key);
    CHECK_NE(key->Data()->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypeSecret);
    (*offset) += 4;
    return key->Data()->GetAsymmetricKey();
  }
}

ManagedEVPPKey ManagedEVPPKey::GetParsedKey(Environment* env,
                                            EVPKeyPointer&& pkey,
                                            ParseKeyResult ret,
                                            const char* default_msg) {
  switch (ret) {
    case ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyOk:
      CHECK(pkey);
      break;
    case ParseKeyResult::kParseKeyNeedPassphrase:
      THROW_ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE(env,
                                   "Passphrase required for encrypted key");
      break;
    default:
      ThrowCryptoError(env, ERR_get_error(), default_msg);
  }

  return ManagedEVPPKey(std::move(pkey));
}

KeyObjectData::KeyObjectData(
    ByteSource symmetric_key)
    : key_type_(KeyType::kKeyTypeSecret),
      symmetric_key_(std::move(symmetric_key)),
      symmetric_key_len_(symmetric_key_.size()),
      asymmetric_key_() {}

KeyObjectData::KeyObjectData(
    KeyType type,
    const ManagedEVPPKey& pkey)
    : key_type_(type),
      symmetric_key_(),
      symmetric_key_len_(0),
      asymmetric_key_{pkey} {}

void KeyObjectData::MemoryInfo(MemoryTracker* tracker) const {
  switch (GetKeyType()) {
    case kKeyTypeSecret:
      tracker->TrackFieldWithSize("symmetric_key", symmetric_key_.size());
      break;
    case kKeyTypePrivate:
      // Fall through
    case kKeyTypePublic:
      tracker->TrackFieldWithSize("key", asymmetric_key_);
      break;
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> KeyObjectData::CreateSecret(ByteSource key) {
  CHECK(key);
  return std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData>(new KeyObjectData(std::move(key)));
}

std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(
    KeyType key_type,
    const ManagedEVPPKey& pkey) {
  CHECK(pkey);
  return std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData>(new KeyObjectData(key_type, pkey));
}

KeyType KeyObjectData::GetKeyType() const {
  return key_type_;
}

ManagedEVPPKey KeyObjectData::GetAsymmetricKey() const {
  CHECK_NE(key_type_, kKeyTypeSecret);
  return asymmetric_key_;
}

const char* KeyObjectData::GetSymmetricKey() const {
  CHECK_EQ(key_type_, kKeyTypeSecret);
  return symmetric_key_.get();
}

size_t KeyObjectData::GetSymmetricKeySize() const {
  CHECK_EQ(key_type_, kKeyTypeSecret);
  return symmetric_key_len_;
}

v8::Local<v8::Function> KeyObjectHandle::Initialize(Environment* env) {
  Local<Function> templ = env->crypto_key_object_handle_constructor();
  if (!templ.IsEmpty()) {
    return templ;
  }
  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(New);
  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(
      KeyObjectHandle::kInternalFieldCount);
  t->Inherit(BaseObject::GetConstructorTemplate(env));

  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "init", Init);
  env->SetProtoMethodNoSideEffect(t, "getSymmetricKeySize",
                                  GetSymmetricKeySize);
  env->SetProtoMethodNoSideEffect(t, "getAsymmetricKeyType",
                                  GetAsymmetricKeyType);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "export", Export);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "exportJwk", ExportJWK);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "initECRaw", InitECRaw);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "initEDRaw", InitEDRaw);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "initJwk", InitJWK);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "keyDetail", GetKeyDetail);
  env->SetProtoMethod(t, "equals", Equals);

  auto function = t->GetFunction(env->context()).ToLocalChecked();
  env->set_crypto_key_object_handle_constructor(function);
  return function;
}

void KeyObjectHandle::RegisterExternalReferences(
    ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {
  registry->Register(New);
  registry->Register(Init);
  registry->Register(GetSymmetricKeySize);
  registry->Register(GetAsymmetricKeyType);
  registry->Register(Export);
  registry->Register(ExportJWK);
  registry->Register(InitECRaw);
  registry->Register(InitEDRaw);
  registry->Register(InitJWK);
  registry->Register(GetKeyDetail);
  registry->Register(Equals);
}

MaybeLocal<Object> KeyObjectHandle::Create(
    Environment* env,
    std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> data) {
  Local<Object> obj;
  Local<Function> ctor = KeyObjectHandle::Initialize(env);
  CHECK(!env->crypto_key_object_handle_constructor().IsEmpty());
  if (!ctor->NewInstance(env->context(), 0, nullptr).ToLocal(&obj))
    return MaybeLocal<Object>();

  KeyObjectHandle* key = Unwrap<KeyObjectHandle>(obj);
  CHECK_NOT_NULL(key);
  key->data_ = data;
  return obj;
}

const std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData>& KeyObjectHandle::Data() {
  return data_;
}

void KeyObjectHandle::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CHECK(args.IsConstructCall());
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new KeyObjectHandle(env, args.This());
}

KeyObjectHandle::KeyObjectHandle(Environment* env,
                                 Local<Object> wrap)
    : BaseObject(env, wrap) {
  MakeWeak();
}

void KeyObjectHandle::Init(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());
  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  CHECK(args[0]->IsInt32());
  KeyType type = static_cast<KeyType>(args[0].As<Uint32>()->Value());

  unsigned int offset;
  ManagedEVPPKey pkey;

  switch (type) {
  case kKeyTypeSecret: {
    CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 2);
    ArrayBufferOrViewContents<char> buf(args[1]);
    key->data_ = KeyObjectData::CreateSecret(buf.ToCopy());
    break;
  }
  case kKeyTypePublic: {
    CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 5);

    offset = 1;
    pkey = ManagedEVPPKey::GetPublicOrPrivateKeyFromJs(args, &offset);
    if (!pkey)
      return;
    key->data_ = KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(type, pkey);
    break;
  }
  case kKeyTypePrivate: {
    CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 5);

    offset = 1;
    pkey = ManagedEVPPKey::GetPrivateKeyFromJs(args, &offset, false);
    if (!pkey)
      return;
    key->data_ = KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(type, pkey);
    break;
  }
  default:
    UNREACHABLE();
  }
}

void KeyObjectHandle::InitJWK(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());
  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  // The argument must be a JavaScript object that we will inspect
  // to get the JWK properties from.
  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());

  // Step one, Secret key or not?
  Local<Object> input = args[0].As<Object>();

  Local<Value> kty;
  if (!input->Get(env->context(), env->jwk_kty_string()).ToLocal(&kty) ||
      !kty->IsString()) {
    return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_JWK(env);
  }

  Utf8Value kty_string(env->isolate(), kty);

  if (strcmp(*kty_string, "oct") == 0) {
    // Secret key
    key->data_ = ImportJWKSecretKey(env, input);
    if (!key->data_) {
      // ImportJWKSecretKey is responsible for throwing an appropriate error
      return;
    }
  } else {
    key->data_ = ImportJWKAsymmetricKey(env, input, *kty_string, args, 1);
    if (!key->data_) {
      // ImportJWKAsymmetricKey is responsible for throwing an appropriate error
      return;
    }
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(key->data_->GetKeyType());
}

void KeyObjectHandle::InitECRaw(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());

  CHECK(args[0]->IsString());
  Utf8Value name(env->isolate(), args[0]);

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  int id = OBJ_txt2nid(*name);
  ECKeyPointer eckey(EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(id));
  if (!eckey)
    return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);

  const EC_GROUP* group = EC_KEY_get0_group(eckey.get());
  ECPointPointer pub(ECDH::BufferToPoint(env, group, args[1]));

  if (!pub ||
      !eckey ||
      !EC_KEY_set_public_key(eckey.get(), pub.get())) {
    return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
  }

  EVPKeyPointer pkey(EVP_PKEY_new());
  if (!EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY(pkey.get(), eckey.get()))
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);

  eckey.release();  // Release ownership of the key

  key->data_ =
      KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(
          kKeyTypePublic,
          ManagedEVPPKey(std::move(pkey)));

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(true);
}

void KeyObjectHandle::InitEDRaw(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());

  CHECK(args[0]->IsString());
  Utf8Value name(env->isolate(), args[0]);

  ArrayBufferOrViewContents<unsigned char> key_data(args[1]);
  KeyType type = static_cast<KeyType>(args[2].As<Int32>()->Value());

  MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;

  typedef EVP_PKEY* (*new_key_fn)(int, ENGINE*, const unsigned char*, size_t);
  new_key_fn fn = type == kKeyTypePrivate
      ? EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key
      : EVP_PKEY_new_raw_public_key;

  int id = GetOKPCurveFromName(*name);

  switch (id) {
    case EVP_PKEY_X25519:
    case EVP_PKEY_X448:
    case EVP_PKEY_ED25519:
    case EVP_PKEY_ED448: {
      EVPKeyPointer pkey(fn(id, nullptr, key_data.data(), key_data.size()));
      if (!pkey)
        return args.GetReturnValue().Set(false);
      key->data_ =
          KeyObjectData::CreateAsymmetric(
              type,
              ManagedEVPPKey(std::move(pkey)));
      CHECK(key->data_);
      break;
    }
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(true);
}

void KeyObjectHandle::Equals(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  KeyObjectHandle* self_handle;
  KeyObjectHandle* arg_handle;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&self_handle, args.Holder());
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&arg_handle, args[0].As<Object>());
  std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key = self_handle->Data();
  std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key2 = arg_handle->Data();

  KeyType key_type = key->GetKeyType();
  CHECK_EQ(key_type, key2->GetKeyType());

  bool ret;
  switch (key_type) {
    case kKeyTypeSecret: {
      size_t size = key->GetSymmetricKeySize();
      if (size == key2->GetSymmetricKeySize()) {
        ret = CRYPTO_memcmp(
          key->GetSymmetricKey(),
          key2->GetSymmetricKey(),
          size) == 0;
      } else {
        ret = false;
      }
      break;
    }
    case kKeyTypePublic:
    case kKeyTypePrivate: {
      EVP_PKEY* pkey = key->GetAsymmetricKey().get();
      EVP_PKEY* pkey2 = key2->GetAsymmetricKey().get();
#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
      int ok = EVP_PKEY_eq(pkey, pkey2);
#else
      int ok = EVP_PKEY_cmp(pkey, pkey2);
#endif
      if (ok == -2) {
        Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
        return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION(env);
      }
      ret = ok == 1;
      break;
    }
    default:
      UNREACHABLE("unsupported key type");
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(ret);
}

void KeyObjectHandle::GetKeyDetail(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());

  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());

  std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> data = key->Data();

  switch (data->GetKeyType()) {
    case kKeyTypeSecret:
      if (GetSecretKeyDetail(env, data, args[0].As<Object>()).IsNothing())
        return;
      break;
    case kKeyTypePublic:
      // Fall through
    case kKeyTypePrivate:
      if (GetAsymmetricKeyDetail(env, data, args[0].As<Object>()).IsNothing())
        return;
      break;
    default:
      UNREACHABLE();
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(args[0]);
}

Local<Value> KeyObjectHandle::GetAsymmetricKeyType() const {
  const ManagedEVPPKey& key = data_->GetAsymmetricKey();
  switch (EVP_PKEY_id(key.get())) {
  case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
    return env()->crypto_rsa_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_RSA_PSS:
    return env()->crypto_rsa_pss_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_DSA:
    return env()->crypto_dsa_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_DH:
    return env()->crypto_dh_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_EC:
    return env()->crypto_ec_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_ED25519:
    return env()->crypto_ed25519_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_ED448:
    return env()->crypto_ed448_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_X25519:
    return env()->crypto_x25519_string();
  case EVP_PKEY_X448:
    return env()->crypto_x448_string();
  default:
    return Undefined(env()->isolate());
  }
}

void KeyObjectHandle::GetAsymmetricKeyType(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(key->GetAsymmetricKeyType());
}

void KeyObjectHandle::GetSymmetricKeySize(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(
      static_cast<uint32_t>(key->Data()->GetSymmetricKeySize()));
}

void KeyObjectHandle::Export(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());

  KeyType type = key->Data()->GetKeyType();

  MaybeLocal<Value> result;
  if (type == kKeyTypeSecret) {
    result = key->ExportSecretKey();
  } else if (type == kKeyTypePublic) {
    unsigned int offset = 0;
    PublicKeyEncodingConfig config =
        ManagedEVPPKey::GetPublicKeyEncodingFromJs(
            args, &offset, kKeyContextExport);
    CHECK_EQ(offset, static_cast<unsigned int>(args.Length()));
    result = key->ExportPublicKey(config);
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(type, kKeyTypePrivate);
    unsigned int offset = 0;
    NonCopyableMaybe<PrivateKeyEncodingConfig> config =
        ManagedEVPPKey::GetPrivateKeyEncodingFromJs(
            args, &offset, kKeyContextExport);
    if (config.IsEmpty())
      return;
    CHECK_EQ(offset, static_cast<unsigned int>(args.Length()));
    result = key->ExportPrivateKey(config.Release());
  }

  if (!result.IsEmpty())
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(result.FromMaybe(Local<Value>()));
}

MaybeLocal<Value> KeyObjectHandle::ExportSecretKey() const {
  const char* buf = data_->GetSymmetricKey();
  unsigned int len = data_->GetSymmetricKeySize();
  return Buffer::Copy(env(), buf, len).FromMaybe(Local<Value>());
}

MaybeLocal<Value> KeyObjectHandle::ExportPublicKey(
    const PublicKeyEncodingConfig& config) const {
  return WritePublicKey(env(), data_->GetAsymmetricKey().get(), config);
}

MaybeLocal<Value> KeyObjectHandle::ExportPrivateKey(
    const PrivateKeyEncodingConfig& config) const {
  return WritePrivateKey(env(), data_->GetAsymmetricKey().get(), config);
}

void KeyObjectHandle::ExportJWK(
    const v8::FunctionCallbackInfo<v8::Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  KeyObjectHandle* key;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&key, args.Holder());

  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());
  CHECK(args[1]->IsBoolean());

  ExportJWKInner(env, key->Data(), args[0], args[1]->IsTrue());

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(args[0]);
}

void NativeKeyObject::Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
  env->SetMethod(target, "createNativeKeyObjectClass",
                 NativeKeyObject::CreateNativeKeyObjectClass);
}

void NativeKeyObject::RegisterExternalReferences(
    ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {
  registry->Register(NativeKeyObject::CreateNativeKeyObjectClass);
  registry->Register(NativeKeyObject::New);
}

void NativeKeyObject::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 1);
  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());
  KeyObjectHandle* handle = Unwrap<KeyObjectHandle>(args[0].As<Object>());
  new NativeKeyObject(env, args.This(), handle->Data());
}

void NativeKeyObject::CreateNativeKeyObjectClass(
    const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 1);
  Local<Value> callback = args[0];
  CHECK(callback->IsFunction());

  Local<FunctionTemplate> t = env->NewFunctionTemplate(NativeKeyObject::New);
  t->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(
      KeyObjectHandle::kInternalFieldCount);
  t->Inherit(BaseObject::GetConstructorTemplate(env));

  Local<Value> ctor;
  if (!t->GetFunction(env->context()).ToLocal(&ctor))
    return;

  Local<Value> recv = Undefined(env->isolate());
  Local<Value> ret_v;
  if (!callback.As<Function>()->Call(
          env->context(), recv, 1, &ctor).ToLocal(&ret_v)) {
    return;
  }
  Local<Array> ret = ret_v.As<Array>();
  if (!ret->Get(env->context(), 1).ToLocal(&ctor)) return;
  env->set_crypto_key_object_secret_constructor(ctor.As<Function>());
  if (!ret->Get(env->context(), 2).ToLocal(&ctor)) return;
  env->set_crypto_key_object_public_constructor(ctor.As<Function>());
  if (!ret->Get(env->context(), 3).ToLocal(&ctor)) return;
  env->set_crypto_key_object_private_constructor(ctor.As<Function>());
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(ret);
}

BaseObjectPtr<BaseObject> NativeKeyObject::KeyObjectTransferData::Deserialize(
        Environment* env,
        Local<Context> context,
        std::unique_ptr<worker::TransferData> self) {
  if (context != env->context()) {
    THROW_ERR_MESSAGE_TARGET_CONTEXT_UNAVAILABLE(env);
    return {};
  }

  Local<Value> handle;
  if (!KeyObjectHandle::Create(env, data_).ToLocal(&handle))
    return {};

  Local<Function> key_ctor;
  Local<Value> arg = FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(),
                                           "internal/crypto/keys");
  if (env->native_module_require()->
      Call(context, Null(env->isolate()), 1, &arg).IsEmpty()) {
    return {};
  }
  switch (data_->GetKeyType()) {
    case kKeyTypeSecret:
      key_ctor = env->crypto_key_object_secret_constructor();
      break;
    case kKeyTypePublic:
      key_ctor = env->crypto_key_object_public_constructor();
      break;
    case kKeyTypePrivate:
      key_ctor = env->crypto_key_object_private_constructor();
      break;
    default:
      CHECK(false);
  }

  Local<Value> key;
  if (!key_ctor->NewInstance(context, 1, &handle).ToLocal(&key))
    return {};

  return BaseObjectPtr<BaseObject>(Unwrap<KeyObjectHandle>(key.As<Object>()));
}

BaseObject::TransferMode NativeKeyObject::GetTransferMode() const {
  return BaseObject::TransferMode::kCloneable;
}

std::unique_ptr<worker::TransferData> NativeKeyObject::CloneForMessaging()
    const {
  return std::make_unique<KeyObjectTransferData>(handle_data_);
}

WebCryptoKeyExportStatus PKEY_SPKI_Export(
    KeyObjectData* key_data,
    ByteSource* out) {
  CHECK_EQ(key_data->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypePublic);
  ManagedEVPPKey m_pkey = key_data->GetAsymmetricKey();
  Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*m_pkey.mutex());
  BIOPointer bio(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
  CHECK(bio);
  if (!i2d_PUBKEY_bio(bio.get(), m_pkey.get()))
    return WebCryptoKeyExportStatus::FAILED;

  *out = ByteSource::FromBIO(bio);
  return WebCryptoKeyExportStatus::OK;
}

WebCryptoKeyExportStatus PKEY_PKCS8_Export(
    KeyObjectData* key_data,
    ByteSource* out) {
  CHECK_EQ(key_data->GetKeyType(), kKeyTypePrivate);
  ManagedEVPPKey m_pkey = key_data->GetAsymmetricKey();
  Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*m_pkey.mutex());

  BIOPointer bio(BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()));
  CHECK(bio);
  PKCS8Pointer p8inf(EVP_PKEY2PKCS8(m_pkey.get()));
  if (!i2d_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_bio(bio.get(), p8inf.get()))
    return WebCryptoKeyExportStatus::FAILED;

  *out = ByteSource::FromBIO(bio);
  return WebCryptoKeyExportStatus::OK;
}

namespace Keys {
void Initialize(Environment* env, Local<Object> target) {
  target->Set(env->context(),
              FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "KeyObjectHandle"),
              KeyObjectHandle::Initialize(env)).Check();

  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kWebCryptoKeyFormatRaw);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kWebCryptoKeyFormatPKCS8);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kWebCryptoKeyFormatSPKI);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kWebCryptoKeyFormatJWK);

  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ED25519);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_ED448);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_X25519);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, EVP_PKEY_X448);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyEncodingPKCS1);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyEncodingPKCS8);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyEncodingSPKI);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyEncodingSEC1);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyFormatDER);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyFormatPEM);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyFormatJWK);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyTypeSecret);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyTypePublic);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kKeyTypePrivate);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kSigEncDER);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, kSigEncP1363);
}

void RegisterExternalReferences(ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {
  KeyObjectHandle::RegisterExternalReferences(registry);
}
}  // namespace Keys

}  // namespace crypto
}  // namespace node