SqlServerQueryRunner.ts

import {ObjectLiteral} from "../../common/ObjectLiteral";
import {QueryFailedError} from "../../error/QueryFailedError";
import {QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError} from "../../error/QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError";
import {TransactionAlreadyStartedError} from "../../error/TransactionAlreadyStartedError";
import {TransactionNotStartedError} from "../../error/TransactionNotStartedError";
import {ColumnType, PromiseUtils} from "../../index";
import {ReadStream} from "../../platform/PlatformTools";
import {BaseQueryRunner} from "../../query-runner/BaseQueryRunner";
import {QueryRunner} from "../../query-runner/QueryRunner";
import {TableIndexOptions} from "../../schema-builder/options/TableIndexOptions";
import {Table} from "../../schema-builder/table/Table";
import {TableCheck} from "../../schema-builder/table/TableCheck";
import {TableColumn} from "../../schema-builder/table/TableColumn";
import {TableExclusion} from "../../schema-builder/table/TableExclusion";
import {TableForeignKey} from "../../schema-builder/table/TableForeignKey";
import {TableIndex} from "../../schema-builder/table/TableIndex";
import {TableUnique} from "../../schema-builder/table/TableUnique";
import {View} from "../../schema-builder/view/View";
import {Broadcaster} from "../../subscriber/Broadcaster";
import {OrmUtils} from "../../util/OrmUtils";
import {Query} from "../Query";
import {IsolationLevel} from "../types/IsolationLevel";
import {MssqlParameter} from "./MssqlParameter";
import {SqlServerDriver} from "./SqlServerDriver";

/**
 * Runs queries on a single SQL Server database connection.
 */
export class SqlServerQueryRunner extends BaseQueryRunner implements QueryRunner {

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Implemented Properties
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Database driver used by connection.
     */
    driver: SqlServerDriver;

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Protected Properties
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Last executed query in a transaction.
     * This is needed because in transaction mode mssql cannot execute parallel queries,
     * that's why we store last executed query promise to wait it when we execute next query.
     *
     * @see https://github.com/patriksimek/node-mssql/issues/491
     */
    protected queryResponsibilityChain: Promise<any>[] = [];

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Constructor
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    constructor(driver: SqlServerDriver, mode: "master"|"slave" = "master") {
        super();
        this.driver = driver;
        this.connection = driver.connection;
        this.broadcaster = new Broadcaster(this);
        this.mode = mode;
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Creates/uses database connection from the connection pool to perform further operations.
     * Returns obtained database connection.
     */
    connect(): Promise<void> {
        return Promise.resolve();
    }

    /**
     * Releases used database connection.
     * You cannot use query runner methods once its released.
     */
    release(): Promise<void> {
        this.isReleased = true;
        return Promise.resolve();
    }

    /**
     * Starts transaction.
     */
    async startTransaction(isolationLevel?: IsolationLevel): Promise<void> {
        if (this.isReleased)
            throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError();

        if (this.isTransactionActive)
            throw new TransactionAlreadyStartedError();

        return new Promise<void>(async (ok, fail) => {
            this.isTransactionActive = true;

            const pool = await (this.mode === "slave" ? this.driver.obtainSlaveConnection() : this.driver.obtainMasterConnection());
            this.databaseConnection = pool.transaction();

            const transactionCallback = (err: any) => {
                if (err) {
                    this.isTransactionActive = false;
                    return fail(err);
                }
                ok();
                this.connection.logger.logQuery("BEGIN TRANSACTION");
                if (isolationLevel) {
                    this.connection.logger.logQuery("SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL " + isolationLevel);
                }
            };

            if (isolationLevel) {
                this.databaseConnection.begin(this.convertIsolationLevel(isolationLevel), transactionCallback);
            } else {
                this.databaseConnection.begin(transactionCallback);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Commits transaction.
     * Error will be thrown if transaction was not started.
     */
    async commitTransaction(): Promise<void> {
        if (this.isReleased)
            throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError();

        if (!this.isTransactionActive)
            throw new TransactionNotStartedError();

        return new Promise<void>((ok, fail) => {
            this.databaseConnection.commit((err: any) => {
                if (err) return fail(err);
                this.isTransactionActive = false;
                this.databaseConnection = null;
                ok();
                this.connection.logger.logQuery("COMMIT");
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Rollbacks transaction.
     * Error will be thrown if transaction was not started.
     */
    async rollbackTransaction(): Promise<void> {
        if (this.isReleased)
            throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError();

        if (!this.isTransactionActive)
            throw new TransactionNotStartedError();

        return new Promise<void>((ok, fail) => {
            this.databaseConnection.rollback((err: any) => {
                if (err) return fail(err);
                this.isTransactionActive = false;
                this.databaseConnection = null;
                ok();
                this.connection.logger.logQuery("ROLLBACK");
            });
        });
    }

    /**
     * Executes a given SQL query.
     */
    async query(query: string, parameters?: any[]): Promise<any> {
        if (this.isReleased)
            throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError();

        let waitingOkay: Function;
        const waitingPromise = new Promise((ok) => waitingOkay = ok);
        if (this.queryResponsibilityChain.length) {
            const otherWaitingPromises = [...this.queryResponsibilityChain];
            this.queryResponsibilityChain.push(waitingPromise);
            await Promise.all(otherWaitingPromises);
        }

        const promise = new Promise(async (ok, fail) => {
            try {
                this.driver.connection.logger.logQuery(query, parameters, this);
                const pool = await (this.mode === "slave" ? this.driver.obtainSlaveConnection() : this.driver.obtainMasterConnection());
                const request = new this.driver.mssql.Request(this.isTransactionActive ? this.databaseConnection : pool);
                if (parameters && parameters.length) {
                    parameters.forEach((parameter, index) => {
                        if (parameter instanceof MssqlParameter) {
                            const mssqlParameter = this.mssqlParameterToNativeParameter(parameter);
                            if (mssqlParameter) {
                                request.input(index, mssqlParameter, parameter.value);
                            } else {
                                request.input(index, parameter.value);
                            }
                        } else {
                            request.input(index, parameter);
                        }
                    });
                }
                const queryStartTime = +new Date();
                request.query(query, (err: any, result: any) => {

                    // log slow queries if maxQueryExecution time is set
                    const maxQueryExecutionTime = this.driver.connection.options.maxQueryExecutionTime;
                    const queryEndTime = +new Date();
                    const queryExecutionTime = queryEndTime - queryStartTime;
                    if (maxQueryExecutionTime && queryExecutionTime > maxQueryExecutionTime)
                        this.driver.connection.logger.logQuerySlow(queryExecutionTime, query, parameters, this);

                    const resolveChain = () => {
                        if (promiseIndex !== -1)
                            this.queryResponsibilityChain.splice(promiseIndex, 1);
                        if (waitingPromiseIndex !== -1)
                            this.queryResponsibilityChain.splice(waitingPromiseIndex, 1);
                        waitingOkay();
                    };

                    let promiseIndex = this.queryResponsibilityChain.indexOf(promise);
                    let waitingPromiseIndex = this.queryResponsibilityChain.indexOf(waitingPromise);
                    if (err) {
                        this.driver.connection.logger.logQueryError(err, query, parameters, this);
                        resolveChain();
                        return fail(new QueryFailedError(query, parameters, err));
                    }

                    const queryType = query.slice(0, query.indexOf(" "));
                    switch (queryType) {
                        case "DELETE":
                            // for DELETE query additionally return number of affected rows
                            ok([result.recordset, result.rowsAffected[0]]);
                            break;
                        default:
                            ok(result.recordset);
                    }
                    resolveChain();
                });

            } catch (err) {
                fail(err);
            }
        });
        // with this condition, Promise.all causes unexpected behavior.
        // if (this.isTransactionActive)
        this.queryResponsibilityChain.push(promise);
        return promise;
    }

    /**
     * Returns raw data stream.
     */
    async stream(query: string, parameters?: any[], onEnd?: Function, onError?: Function): Promise<ReadStream> {
        if (this.isReleased)
            throw new QueryRunnerAlreadyReleasedError();

        let waitingOkay: Function;
        const waitingPromise = new Promise((ok) => waitingOkay = ok);
        if (this.queryResponsibilityChain.length) {
            const otherWaitingPromises = [...this.queryResponsibilityChain];
            this.queryResponsibilityChain.push(waitingPromise);
            await Promise.all(otherWaitingPromises);
        }

        const promise = new Promise<ReadStream>(async (ok, fail) => {

            this.driver.connection.logger.logQuery(query, parameters, this);
            const pool = await (this.mode === "slave" ? this.driver.obtainSlaveConnection() : this.driver.obtainMasterConnection());
            const request = new this.driver.mssql.Request(this.isTransactionActive ? this.databaseConnection : pool);
            request.stream = true;
            if (parameters && parameters.length) {
                parameters.forEach((parameter, index) => {
                    if (parameter instanceof MssqlParameter) {
                        request.input(index, this.mssqlParameterToNativeParameter(parameter), parameter.value);
                    } else {
                        request.input(index, parameter);
                    }
                });
            }
            request.query(query, (err: any, result: any) => {

                const resolveChain = () => {
                    if (promiseIndex !== -1)
                        this.queryResponsibilityChain.splice(promiseIndex, 1);
                    if (waitingPromiseIndex !== -1)
                        this.queryResponsibilityChain.splice(waitingPromiseIndex, 1);
                    waitingOkay();
                };

                let promiseIndex = this.queryResponsibilityChain.indexOf(promise);
                let waitingPromiseIndex = this.queryResponsibilityChain.indexOf(waitingPromise);
                if (err) {
                    this.driver.connection.logger.logQueryError(err, query, parameters, this);
                    resolveChain();
                    return fail(err);
                }

                ok(result.recordset);
                resolveChain();
            });
            if (onEnd) request.on("done", onEnd);
            if (onError) request.on("error", onError);
            ok(request as ReadStream);
        });
        if (this.isTransactionActive)
            this.queryResponsibilityChain.push(promise);

        return promise;
    }

    /**
     * Returns all available database names including system databases.
     */
    async getDatabases(): Promise<string[]> {
        const results: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(`EXEC sp_databases`);
        return results.map(result => result["DATABASE_NAME"]);
    }

    /**
     * Returns all available schema names including system schemas.
     * If database parameter specified, returns schemas of that database.
     */
    async getSchemas(database?: string): Promise<string[]> {
        const query = database ? `SELECT * FROM "${database}"."sys"."schema"` : `SELECT * FROM "sys"."schemas"`;
        const results: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(query);
        return results.map(result => result["name"]);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if database with the given name exist.
     */
    async hasDatabase(database: string): Promise<boolean> {
        const result = await this.query(`SELECT DB_ID('${database}') as "db_id"`);
        const dbId = result[0]["db_id"];
        return !!dbId;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if schema with the given name exist.
     */
    async hasSchema(schema: string): Promise<boolean> {
        const result = await this.query(`SELECT SCHEMA_ID('${schema}') as "schema_id"`);
        const schemaId = result[0]["schema_id"];
        return !!schemaId;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if table with the given name exist in the database.
     */
    async hasTable(tableOrName: Table|string): Promise<boolean> {
        const parsedTableName = this.parseTableName(tableOrName);
        const schema = parsedTableName.schema === "SCHEMA_NAME()" ? parsedTableName.schema : `'${parsedTableName.schema}'`;
        const sql = `SELECT * FROM "${parsedTableName.database}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."TABLES" WHERE "TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.name}' AND "TABLE_SCHEMA" = ${schema}`;
        const result = await this.query(sql);
        return result.length ? true : false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if column exist in the table.
     */
    async hasColumn(tableOrName: Table|string, columnName: string): Promise<boolean> {
        const parsedTableName = this.parseTableName(tableOrName);
        const schema = parsedTableName.schema === "SCHEMA_NAME()" ? parsedTableName.schema : `'${parsedTableName.schema}'`;
        const sql = `SELECT * FROM "${parsedTableName.database}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."COLUMNS" WHERE "TABLE_NAME" = '${parsedTableName.name}' AND "COLUMN_NAME" = '${columnName}' AND "TABLE_SCHEMA" = ${schema}`;
        const result = await this.query(sql);
        return result.length ? true : false;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new database.
     */
    async createDatabase(database: string, ifNotExist?: boolean): Promise<void> {
        const up = ifNotExist ? `IF DB_ID('${database}') IS NULL CREATE DATABASE "${database}"` : `CREATE DATABASE "${database}"`;
        const down = `DROP DATABASE "${database}"`;
        await this.executeQueries(new Query(up), new Query(down));
    }

    /**
     * Drops database.
     */
    async dropDatabase(database: string, ifExist?: boolean): Promise<void> {
        const up = ifExist ? `IF DB_ID('${database}') IS NOT NULL DROP DATABASE "${database}"` : `DROP DATABASE "${database}"`;
        const down = `CREATE DATABASE "${database}"`;
        await this.executeQueries(new Query(up), new Query(down));
    }

    /**
     * Creates table schema.
     * If database name also specified (e.g. 'dbName.schemaName') schema will be created in specified database.
     */
    async createSchema(schemaPath: string, ifNotExist?: boolean): Promise<void> {
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        if (schemaPath.indexOf(".") === -1) {
            const upQuery = ifNotExist ? `IF SCHEMA_ID('${schemaPath}') IS NULL BEGIN EXEC ('CREATE SCHEMA "${schemaPath}"') END` : `CREATE SCHEMA "${schemaPath}"`;
            upQueries.push(new Query(upQuery));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`DROP SCHEMA "${schemaPath}"`));

        } else {
            const dbName = schemaPath.split(".")[0];
            const schema = schemaPath.split(".")[1];
            const currentDB = await this.getCurrentDatabase();
            upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));

            const upQuery = ifNotExist ? `IF SCHEMA_ID('${schema}') IS NULL BEGIN EXEC ('CREATE SCHEMA "${schema}"') END` : `CREATE SCHEMA "${schema}"`;
            upQueries.push(new Query(upQuery));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`DROP SCHEMA "${schema}"`));

            upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
    }

    /**
     * Drops table schema.
     * If database name also specified (e.g. 'dbName.schemaName') schema will be dropped in specified database.
     */
    async dropSchema(schemaPath: string, ifExist?: boolean): Promise<void> {
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        if (schemaPath.indexOf(".") === -1) {
            const upQuery = ifExist ? `IF SCHEMA_ID('${schemaPath}') IS NULL BEGIN EXEC ('DROP SCHEMA "${schemaPath}"') END` : `DROP SCHEMA "${schemaPath}"`;
            upQueries.push(new Query(upQuery));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`CREATE SCHEMA "${schemaPath}"`));

        } else {
            const dbName = schemaPath.split(".")[0];
            const schema = schemaPath.split(".")[1];
            const currentDB = await this.getCurrentDatabase();
            upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));

            const upQuery = ifExist ? `IF SCHEMA_ID('${schema}') IS NULL BEGIN EXEC ('DROP SCHEMA "${schema}"') END` : `DROP SCHEMA "${schema}"`;
            upQueries.push(new Query(upQuery));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`CREATE SCHEMA "${schema}"`));

            upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new table.
     */
    async createTable(table: Table, ifNotExist: boolean = false, createForeignKeys: boolean = true, createIndices: boolean = true): Promise<void> {
        if (ifNotExist) {
            const isTableExist = await this.hasTable(table);
            if (isTableExist) return Promise.resolve();
        }
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        upQueries.push(this.createTableSql(table, createForeignKeys));
        downQueries.push(this.dropTableSql(table));

        // if createForeignKeys is true, we must drop created foreign keys in down query.
        // createTable does not need separate method to create foreign keys, because it create fk's in the same query with table creation.
        if (createForeignKeys)
            table.foreignKeys.forEach(foreignKey => downQueries.push(this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)));

        if (createIndices) {
            table.indices.forEach(index => {

                // new index may be passed without name. In this case we generate index name manually.
                if (!index.name)
                    index.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(table.name, index.columnNames, index.where);
                upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, index));
                downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, index));
            });
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
    }

    /**
     * Drops the table.
     */
    async dropTable(tableOrName: Table|string, ifExist?: boolean, dropForeignKeys: boolean = true, dropIndices: boolean = true): Promise<void> {
        if (ifExist) {
            const isTableExist = await this.hasTable(tableOrName);
            if (!isTableExist) return Promise.resolve();
        }

        // if dropTable called with dropForeignKeys = true, we must create foreign keys in down query.
        const createForeignKeys: boolean = dropForeignKeys;
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        // It needs because if table does not exist and dropForeignKeys or dropIndices is true, we don't need
        // to perform drop queries for foreign keys and indices.

        if (dropIndices) {
            table.indices.forEach(index => {
                upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, index));
                downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, index));
            });
        }

        // if dropForeignKeys is true, we just drop the table, otherwise we also drop table foreign keys.
        // createTable does not need separate method to create foreign keys, because it create fk's in the same query with table creation.
        if (dropForeignKeys)
            table.foreignKeys.forEach(foreignKey => upQueries.push(this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey)));

        upQueries.push(this.dropTableSql(table));
        downQueries.push(this.createTableSql(table, createForeignKeys));

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new view.
     */
    async createView(view: View): Promise<void> {
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];
        upQueries.push(this.createViewSql(view));
        upQueries.push(await this.insertViewDefinitionSql(view));
        downQueries.push(this.dropViewSql(view));
        downQueries.push(await this.deleteViewDefinitionSql(view));
        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
    }

    /**
     * Drops the view.
     */
    async dropView(target: View|string): Promise<void> {
        const viewName = target instanceof View ? target.name : target;
        const view = await this.getCachedView(viewName);

        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];
        upQueries.push(await this.deleteViewDefinitionSql(view));
        upQueries.push(this.dropViewSql(view));
        downQueries.push(await this.insertViewDefinitionSql(view));
        downQueries.push(this.createViewSql(view));
        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
    }

    /**
     * Renames a table.
     */
    async renameTable(oldTableOrName: Table|string, newTableName: string): Promise<void> {
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];
        const oldTable = oldTableOrName instanceof Table ? oldTableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(oldTableOrName);
        let newTable = oldTable.clone();

        // we need database name and schema name to rename FK constraints
        let dbName: string|undefined = undefined;
        let schemaName: string|undefined = undefined;
        let oldTableName: string = oldTable.name;
        const splittedName = oldTable.name.split(".");
        if (splittedName.length === 3) {
            dbName = splittedName[0];
            oldTableName = splittedName[2];
            if (splittedName[1] !== "")
                schemaName = splittedName[1];

        } else if (splittedName.length === 2) {
            schemaName = splittedName[0];
            oldTableName = splittedName[1];
        }

        newTable.name = this.driver.buildTableName(newTableName, schemaName, dbName);

        // if we have tables with database which differs from database specified in config, we must change currently used database.
        // This need because we can not rename objects from another database.
        const currentDB = await this.getCurrentDatabase();
        if (dbName && dbName !== currentDB) {
            upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));
        }

        // rename table
        upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(oldTable, true)}", "${newTableName}"`));
        downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}", "${oldTableName}"`));

        // rename primary key constraint
        if (newTable.primaryColumns.length > 0) {
            const columnNames = newTable.primaryColumns.map(column => column.name);

            const oldPkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(oldTable, columnNames);
            const newPkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(newTable, columnNames);

            // rename primary constraint
            upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}.${oldPkName}", "${newPkName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}.${newPkName}", "${oldPkName}"`));
        }

        // rename unique constraints
        newTable.uniques.forEach(unique => {
            // build new constraint name
            const newUniqueName = this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(newTable, unique.columnNames);

            // build queries
            upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}.${unique.name}", "${newUniqueName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}.${newUniqueName}", "${unique.name}"`));

            // replace constraint name
            unique.name = newUniqueName;
        });

        // rename index constraints
        newTable.indices.forEach(index => {
            // build new constraint name
            const newIndexName = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(newTable, index.columnNames, index.where);

            // build queries
            upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}.${index.name}", "${newIndexName}", "INDEX"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(newTable, true)}.${newIndexName}", "${index.name}", "INDEX"`));

            // replace constraint name
            index.name = newIndexName;
        });

        // rename foreign key constraints
        newTable.foreignKeys.forEach(foreignKey => {
            // build new constraint name
            const newForeignKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(newTable, foreignKey.columnNames, foreignKey.referencedTableName, foreignKey.referencedColumnNames);

            // build queries
            upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.buildForeignKeyName(foreignKey.name!, schemaName, dbName)}", "${newForeignKeyName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.buildForeignKeyName(newForeignKeyName, schemaName, dbName)}", "${foreignKey.name}"`));

            // replace constraint name
            foreignKey.name = newForeignKeyName;
        });

        // change currently used database back to default db.
        if (dbName && dbName !== currentDB) {
            upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);

        // rename old table and replace it in cached tabled;
        oldTable.name = newTable.name;
        this.replaceCachedTable(oldTable, newTable);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new column from the column in the table.
     */
    async addColumn(tableOrName: Table|string, column: TableColumn): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const clonedTable = table.clone();
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD ${this.buildCreateColumnSql(table, column, false, true)}`));
        downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP COLUMN "${column.name}"`));

        // create or update primary key constraint
        if (column.isPrimary) {
            const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns;
            // if table already have primary key, me must drop it and recreate again
            if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
                const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
                upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
                downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));
            }

            primaryColumns.push(column);
            const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
            const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
            upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
        }

        // create column index
        const columnIndex = clonedTable.indices.find(index => index.columnNames.length === 1 && index.columnNames[0] === column.name);
        if (columnIndex) {
            upQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, columnIndex));
            downQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, columnIndex));
        }

        // create unique constraint
        if (column.isUnique) {
            const uniqueConstraint = new TableUnique({
               name: this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(table.name, [column.name]),
               columnNames: [column.name]
            });
            clonedTable.uniques.push(uniqueConstraint);
            upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint.name}" UNIQUE ("${column.name}")`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint.name}"`));
        }

        // remove default constraint
        if (column.default !== null && column.default !== undefined) {
            const defaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, column.name);
            downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}"`));
        }

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);

        clonedTable.addColumn(column);
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new columns from the column in the table.
     */
    async addColumns(tableOrName: Table|string, columns: TableColumn[]): Promise<void> {
        await PromiseUtils.runInSequence(columns, column => this.addColumn(tableOrName, column));
    }

    /**
     * Renames column in the given table.
     */
    async renameColumn(tableOrName: Table|string, oldTableColumnOrName: TableColumn|string, newTableColumnOrName: TableColumn|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const oldColumn = oldTableColumnOrName instanceof TableColumn ? oldTableColumnOrName : table.columns.find(c => c.name === oldTableColumnOrName);
        if (!oldColumn)
            throw new Error(`Column "${oldTableColumnOrName}" was not found in the "${table.name}" table.`);

        let newColumn: TableColumn|undefined = undefined;
        if (newTableColumnOrName instanceof TableColumn) {
            newColumn = newTableColumnOrName;
        } else {
            newColumn = oldColumn.clone();
            newColumn.name = newTableColumnOrName;
        }

        await this.changeColumn(table, oldColumn, newColumn);
    }

    /**
     * Changes a column in the table.
     */
    async changeColumn(tableOrName: Table|string, oldTableColumnOrName: TableColumn|string, newColumn: TableColumn): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        let clonedTable = table.clone();
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        const oldColumn = oldTableColumnOrName instanceof TableColumn
            ? oldTableColumnOrName
            : table.columns.find(column => column.name === oldTableColumnOrName);
        if (!oldColumn)
            throw new Error(`Column "${oldTableColumnOrName}" was not found in the "${table.name}" table.`);

        if ((newColumn.isGenerated !== oldColumn.isGenerated && newColumn.generationStrategy !== "uuid") || newColumn.type !== oldColumn.type || newColumn.length !== oldColumn.length) {
            // SQL Server does not support changing of IDENTITY column, so we must drop column and recreate it again.
            // Also, we recreate column if column type changed
            await this.dropColumn(table, oldColumn);
            await this.addColumn(table, newColumn);

            // update cloned table
            clonedTable = table.clone();

        } else {
            if (newColumn.name !== oldColumn.name) {

                // we need database name and schema name to rename FK constraints
                let dbName: string|undefined = undefined;
                let schemaName: string|undefined = undefined;
                const splittedName = table.name.split(".");
                if (splittedName.length === 3) {
                    dbName = splittedName[0];
                    if (splittedName[1] !== "")
                        schemaName = splittedName[1];

                } else if (splittedName.length === 2) {
                    schemaName = splittedName[0];
                }

                // if we have tables with database which differs from database specified in config, we must change currently used database.
                // This need because we can not rename objects from another database.
                const currentDB = await this.getCurrentDatabase();
                if (dbName && dbName !== currentDB) {
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));
                }

                // rename the column
                upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(table, true)}.${oldColumn.name}", "${newColumn.name}"`));
                downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(table, true)}.${newColumn.name}", "${oldColumn.name}"`));

                if (oldColumn.isPrimary === true) {
                    const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns;

                    // build old primary constraint name
                    const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => column.name);
                    const oldPkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable, columnNames);

                    // replace old column name with new column name
                    columnNames.splice(columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name), 1);
                    columnNames.push(newColumn.name);

                    // build new primary constraint name
                    const newPkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable, columnNames);

                    // rename primary constraint
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${oldPkName}", "${newPkName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${newPkName}", "${oldPkName}"`));
                }

                // rename index constraints
                clonedTable.findColumnIndices(oldColumn).forEach(index => {
                    // build new constraint name
                    index.columnNames.splice(index.columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name), 1);
                    index.columnNames.push(newColumn.name);
                    const newIndexName = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(clonedTable, index.columnNames, index.where);

                    // build queries
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${index.name}", "${newIndexName}", "INDEX"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${newIndexName}", "${index.name}", "INDEX"`));

                    // replace constraint name
                    index.name = newIndexName;
                });

                // rename foreign key constraints
                clonedTable.findColumnForeignKeys(oldColumn).forEach(foreignKey => {
                    // build new constraint name
                    foreignKey.columnNames.splice(foreignKey.columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name), 1);
                    foreignKey.columnNames.push(newColumn.name);
                    const newForeignKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(clonedTable, foreignKey.columnNames, foreignKey.referencedTableName, foreignKey.referencedColumnNames);

                    // build queries
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.buildForeignKeyName(foreignKey.name!, schemaName, dbName)}", "${newForeignKeyName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.buildForeignKeyName(newForeignKeyName, schemaName, dbName)}", "${foreignKey.name}"`));

                    // replace constraint name
                    foreignKey.name = newForeignKeyName;
                });

                // rename check constraints
                clonedTable.findColumnChecks(oldColumn).forEach(check => {
                    // build new constraint name
                    check.columnNames!.splice(check.columnNames!.indexOf(oldColumn.name), 1);
                    check.columnNames!.push(newColumn.name);
                    const newCheckName = this.connection.namingStrategy.checkConstraintName(clonedTable, check.expression!);

                    // build queries
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${check.name}", "${newCheckName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${newCheckName}", "${check.name}"`));

                    // replace constraint name
                    check.name = newCheckName;
                });

                // rename unique constraints
                clonedTable.findColumnUniques(oldColumn).forEach(unique => {
                    // build new constraint name
                    unique.columnNames.splice(unique.columnNames.indexOf(oldColumn.name), 1);
                    unique.columnNames.push(newColumn.name);
                    const newUniqueName = this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(clonedTable, unique.columnNames);

                    // build queries
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${unique.name}", "${newUniqueName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`EXEC sp_rename "${this.escapePath(clonedTable, true)}.${newUniqueName}", "${unique.name}"`));

                    // replace constraint name
                    unique.name = newUniqueName;
                });

                // rename default constraints
                if (oldColumn.default !== null && oldColumn.default !== undefined) {
                    const oldDefaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, oldColumn.name);
                    const newDefaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, newColumn.name);

                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${oldDefaultName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${oldDefaultName}" DEFAULT ${oldColumn.default} FOR "${newColumn.name}"`));

                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${newDefaultName}" DEFAULT ${oldColumn.default} FOR "${newColumn.name}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${newDefaultName}"`));
                }

                // change currently used database back to default db.
                if (dbName && dbName !== currentDB) {
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${currentDB}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`USE "${dbName}"`));
                }

                // rename old column in the Table object
                const oldTableColumn = clonedTable.columns.find(column => column.name === oldColumn.name);
                clonedTable.columns[clonedTable.columns.indexOf(oldTableColumn!)].name = newColumn.name;
                oldColumn.name = newColumn.name;
            }

            if (this.isColumnChanged(oldColumn, newColumn, false)) {
                upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ALTER COLUMN ${this.buildCreateColumnSql(table, newColumn, true, false)}`));
                downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ALTER COLUMN ${this.buildCreateColumnSql(table, oldColumn, true, false)}`));
            }

            if (newColumn.isPrimary !== oldColumn.isPrimary) {
                const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns;

                // if primary column state changed, we must always drop existed constraint.
                if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                    const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
                    const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));
                }

                if (newColumn.isPrimary === true) {
                    primaryColumns.push(newColumn);
                    // update column in table
                    const column = clonedTable.columns.find(column => column.name === newColumn.name);
                    column!.isPrimary = true;
                    const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
                    const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));

                } else {
                    const primaryColumn = primaryColumns.find(c => c.name === newColumn.name);
                    primaryColumns.splice(primaryColumns.indexOf(primaryColumn!), 1);

                    // update column in table
                    const column = clonedTable.columns.find(column => column.name === newColumn.name);
                    column!.isPrimary = false;

                    // if we have another primary keys, we must recreate constraint.
                    if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                        const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
                        const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
                        upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));
                        downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
                    }
                }
            }

            if (newColumn.isUnique !== oldColumn.isUnique) {
                if (newColumn.isUnique === true) {
                    const uniqueConstraint = new TableUnique({
                        name: this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(table.name, [newColumn.name]),
                        columnNames: [newColumn.name]
                    });
                    clonedTable.uniques.push(uniqueConstraint);
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint.name}" UNIQUE ("${newColumn.name}")`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint.name}"`));

                } else {
                    const uniqueConstraint = clonedTable.uniques.find(unique => {
                        return unique.columnNames.length === 1 && !!unique.columnNames.find(columnName => columnName === newColumn.name);
                    });
                    clonedTable.uniques.splice(clonedTable.uniques.indexOf(uniqueConstraint!), 1);
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint!.name}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint!.name}" UNIQUE ("${newColumn.name}")`));
                }
            }

            if (newColumn.default !== oldColumn.default) {

                // (note) if there is a previous default, we need to drop its constraint first
                if (oldColumn.default !== null && oldColumn.default !== undefined) {
                    const defaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, oldColumn.name);
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}" DEFAULT ${oldColumn.default} FOR "${oldColumn.name}"`));
                }

                if (newColumn.default !== null && newColumn.default !== undefined) {
                    const defaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, newColumn.name);
                    upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}" DEFAULT ${newColumn.default} FOR "${newColumn.name}"`));
                    downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}"`));
                }
            }

            await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
            this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Changes a column in the table.
     */
    async changeColumns(tableOrName: Table|string, changedColumns: { newColumn: TableColumn, oldColumn: TableColumn }[]): Promise<void> {
        await PromiseUtils.runInSequence(changedColumns, changedColumn => this.changeColumn(tableOrName, changedColumn.oldColumn, changedColumn.newColumn));
    }

    /**
     * Drops column in the table.
     */
    async dropColumn(tableOrName: Table|string, columnOrName: TableColumn|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const column = columnOrName instanceof TableColumn ? columnOrName : table.findColumnByName(columnOrName);
        if (!column)
            throw new Error(`Column "${columnOrName}" was not found in table "${table.name}"`);

        const clonedTable = table.clone();
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        // drop primary key constraint
        if (column.isPrimary) {
            const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, clonedTable.primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
            const columnNames = clonedTable.primaryColumns.map(primaryColumn => `"${primaryColumn.name}"`).join(", ");
            upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(clonedTable)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(clonedTable)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));

            // update column in table
            const tableColumn = clonedTable.findColumnByName(column.name);
            tableColumn!.isPrimary = false;

            // if primary key have multiple columns, we must recreate it without dropped column
            if (clonedTable.primaryColumns.length > 0) {
                const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, clonedTable.primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
                const columnNames = clonedTable.primaryColumns.map(primaryColumn => `"${primaryColumn.name}"`).join(", ");
                upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(clonedTable)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`));
                downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(clonedTable)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
            }
        }

        // drop column index
        const columnIndex = clonedTable.indices.find(index => index.columnNames.length === 1 && index.columnNames[0] === column.name);
        if (columnIndex) {
            clonedTable.indices.splice(clonedTable.indices.indexOf(columnIndex), 1);
            upQueries.push(this.dropIndexSql(table, columnIndex));
            downQueries.push(this.createIndexSql(table, columnIndex));
        }

        // drop column check
        const columnCheck = clonedTable.checks.find(check => !!check.columnNames && check.columnNames.length === 1 && check.columnNames[0] === column.name);
        if (columnCheck) {
            clonedTable.checks.splice(clonedTable.checks.indexOf(columnCheck), 1);
            upQueries.push(this.dropCheckConstraintSql(table, columnCheck));
            downQueries.push(this.createCheckConstraintSql(table, columnCheck));
        }

        // drop column unique
        const columnUnique = clonedTable.uniques.find(unique => unique.columnNames.length === 1 && unique.columnNames[0] === column.name);
        if (columnUnique) {
            clonedTable.uniques.splice(clonedTable.uniques.indexOf(columnUnique), 1);
            upQueries.push(this.dropUniqueConstraintSql(table, columnUnique));
            downQueries.push(this.createUniqueConstraintSql(table, columnUnique));
        }

        // drop default constraint
        if (column.default !== null && column.default !== undefined) {
            const defaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, column.name);
            upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}" DEFAULT ${column.default} FOR "${column.name}"`));
        }

        upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP COLUMN "${column.name}"`));
        downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD ${this.buildCreateColumnSql(table, column, false, false)}`));

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);

        clonedTable.removeColumn(column);
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable);
    }

    /**
     * Drops the columns in the table.
     */
    async dropColumns(tableOrName: Table|string, columns: TableColumn[]): Promise<void> {
        await PromiseUtils.runInSequence(columns, column => this.dropColumn(tableOrName, column));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new primary key.
     */
    async createPrimaryKey(tableOrName: Table|string, columnNames: string[]): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const clonedTable = table.clone();

        const up = this.createPrimaryKeySql(table, columnNames);

        // mark columns as primary, because dropPrimaryKeySql build constraint name from table primary column names.
        clonedTable.columns.forEach(column => {
            if (columnNames.find(columnName => columnName === column.name))
                column.isPrimary = true;
        });
        const down = this.dropPrimaryKeySql(clonedTable);

        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable);
    }

    /**
     * Updates composite primary keys.
     */
    async updatePrimaryKeys(tableOrName: Table|string, columns: TableColumn[]): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const clonedTable = table.clone();
        const columnNames = columns.map(column => column.name);
        const upQueries: Query[] = [];
        const downQueries: Query[] = [];

        // if table already have primary columns, we must drop them.
        const primaryColumns = clonedTable.primaryColumns;
        if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
            const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
            const columnNamesString = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
            upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));
            downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`));
        }

        // update columns in table.
        clonedTable.columns
            .filter(column => columnNames.indexOf(column.name) !== -1)
            .forEach(column => column.isPrimary = true);

        const pkName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(clonedTable.name, columnNames);
        const columnNamesString = columnNames.map(columnName => `"${columnName}"`).join(", ");
        upQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${pkName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`));
        downQueries.push(new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${pkName}"`));

        await this.executeQueries(upQueries, downQueries);
        this.replaceCachedTable(table, clonedTable);
    }

    /**
     * Drops a primary key.
     */
    async dropPrimaryKey(tableOrName: Table|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const up = this.dropPrimaryKeySql(table);
        const down = this.createPrimaryKeySql(table, table.primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.primaryColumns.forEach(column => {
            column.isPrimary = false;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new unique constraint.
     */
    async createUniqueConstraint(tableOrName: Table|string, uniqueConstraint: TableUnique): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);

        // new unique constraint may be passed without name. In this case we generate unique name manually.
        if (!uniqueConstraint.name)
            uniqueConstraint.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(table.name, uniqueConstraint.columnNames);

        const up = this.createUniqueConstraintSql(table, uniqueConstraint);
        const down = this.dropUniqueConstraintSql(table, uniqueConstraint);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.addUniqueConstraint(uniqueConstraint);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new unique constraints.
     */
    async createUniqueConstraints(tableOrName: Table|string, uniqueConstraints: TableUnique[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = uniqueConstraints.map(uniqueConstraint => this.createUniqueConstraint(tableOrName, uniqueConstraint));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Drops unique constraint.
     */
    async dropUniqueConstraint(tableOrName: Table|string, uniqueOrName: TableUnique|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const uniqueConstraint = uniqueOrName instanceof TableUnique ? uniqueOrName : table.uniques.find(u => u.name === uniqueOrName);
        if (!uniqueConstraint)
            throw new Error(`Supplied unique constraint was not found in table ${table.name}`);

        const up = this.dropUniqueConstraintSql(table, uniqueConstraint);
        const down = this.createUniqueConstraintSql(table, uniqueConstraint);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.removeUniqueConstraint(uniqueConstraint);
    }

    /**
     * Drops an unique constraints.
     */
    async dropUniqueConstraints(tableOrName: Table|string, uniqueConstraints: TableUnique[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = uniqueConstraints.map(uniqueConstraint => this.dropUniqueConstraint(tableOrName, uniqueConstraint));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new check constraint.
     */
    async createCheckConstraint(tableOrName: Table|string, checkConstraint: TableCheck): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);

        // new unique constraint may be passed without name. In this case we generate unique name manually.
        if (!checkConstraint.name)
            checkConstraint.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.checkConstraintName(table.name, checkConstraint.expression!);

        const up = this.createCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint);
        const down = this.dropCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.addCheckConstraint(checkConstraint);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new check constraints.
     */
    async createCheckConstraints(tableOrName: Table|string, checkConstraints: TableCheck[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = checkConstraints.map(checkConstraint => this.createCheckConstraint(tableOrName, checkConstraint));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Drops check constraint.
     */
    async dropCheckConstraint(tableOrName: Table|string, checkOrName: TableCheck|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const checkConstraint = checkOrName instanceof TableCheck ? checkOrName : table.checks.find(c => c.name === checkOrName);
        if (!checkConstraint)
            throw new Error(`Supplied check constraint was not found in table ${table.name}`);

        const up = this.dropCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint);
        const down = this.createCheckConstraintSql(table, checkConstraint);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.removeCheckConstraint(checkConstraint);
    }

    /**
     * Drops check constraints.
     */
    async dropCheckConstraints(tableOrName: Table|string, checkConstraints: TableCheck[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = checkConstraints.map(checkConstraint => this.dropCheckConstraint(tableOrName, checkConstraint));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new exclusion constraint.
     */
    async createExclusionConstraint(tableOrName: Table|string, exclusionConstraint: TableExclusion): Promise<void> {
        throw new Error(`SqlServer does not support exclusion constraints.`);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new exclusion constraints.
     */
    async createExclusionConstraints(tableOrName: Table|string, exclusionConstraints: TableExclusion[]): Promise<void> {
        throw new Error(`SqlServer does not support exclusion constraints.`);
    }

    /**
     * Drops exclusion constraint.
     */
    async dropExclusionConstraint(tableOrName: Table|string, exclusionOrName: TableExclusion|string): Promise<void> {
        throw new Error(`SqlServer does not support exclusion constraints.`);
    }

    /**
     * Drops exclusion constraints.
     */
    async dropExclusionConstraints(tableOrName: Table|string, exclusionConstraints: TableExclusion[]): Promise<void> {
        throw new Error(`SqlServer does not support exclusion constraints.`);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new foreign key.
     */
    async createForeignKey(tableOrName: Table|string, foreignKey: TableForeignKey): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);

        // new FK may be passed without name. In this case we generate FK name manually.
        if (!foreignKey.name)
            foreignKey.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(table.name, foreignKey.columnNames, foreignKey.referencedTableName, foreignKey.referencedColumnNames);

        const up = this.createForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey);
        const down = this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.addForeignKey(foreignKey);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new foreign keys.
     */
    async createForeignKeys(tableOrName: Table|string, foreignKeys: TableForeignKey[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = foreignKeys.map(foreignKey => this.createForeignKey(tableOrName, foreignKey));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Drops a foreign key from the table.
     */
    async dropForeignKey(tableOrName: Table|string, foreignKeyOrName: TableForeignKey|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const foreignKey = foreignKeyOrName instanceof TableForeignKey ? foreignKeyOrName : table.foreignKeys.find(fk => fk.name === foreignKeyOrName);
        if (!foreignKey)
            throw new Error(`Supplied foreign key was not found in table ${table.name}`);

        const up = this.dropForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey);
        const down = this.createForeignKeySql(table, foreignKey);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.removeForeignKey(foreignKey);
    }

    /**
     * Drops a foreign keys from the table.
     */
    async dropForeignKeys(tableOrName: Table|string, foreignKeys: TableForeignKey[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = foreignKeys.map(foreignKey => this.dropForeignKey(tableOrName, foreignKey));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new index.
     */
    async createIndex(tableOrName: Table|string, index: TableIndex): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);

        // new index may be passed without name. In this case we generate index name manually.
        if (!index.name)
            index.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.indexName(table.name, index.columnNames, index.where);

        const up = this.createIndexSql(table, index);
        const down = this.dropIndexSql(table, index);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.addIndex(index);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new indices
     */
    async createIndices(tableOrName: Table|string, indices: TableIndex[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = indices.map(index => this.createIndex(tableOrName, index));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Drops an index.
     */
    async dropIndex(tableOrName: Table|string, indexOrName: TableIndex|string): Promise<void> {
        const table = tableOrName instanceof Table ? tableOrName : await this.getCachedTable(tableOrName);
        const index = indexOrName instanceof TableIndex ? indexOrName : table.indices.find(i => i.name === indexOrName);
        if (!index)
            throw new Error(`Supplied index was not found in table ${table.name}`);

        const up = this.dropIndexSql(table, index);
        const down = this.createIndexSql(table, index);
        await this.executeQueries(up, down);
        table.removeIndex(index);
    }

    /**
     * Drops an indices from the table.
     */
    async dropIndices(tableOrName: Table|string, indices: TableIndex[]): Promise<void> {
        const promises = indices.map(index => this.dropIndex(tableOrName, index));
        await Promise.all(promises);
    }

    /**
     * Clears all table contents.
     * Note: this operation uses SQL's TRUNCATE query which cannot be reverted in transactions.
     */
    async clearTable(tablePath: string): Promise<void> {
        await this.query(`TRUNCATE TABLE ${this.escapePath(tablePath)}`);
    }

    /**
     * Removes all tables from the currently connected database.
     */
    async clearDatabase(database?: string): Promise<void> {
        if (database) {
            const isDatabaseExist = await this.hasDatabase(database);
            if (!isDatabaseExist)
                return Promise.resolve();
        }

        await this.startTransaction();
        try {
            let allViewsSql = database
                ? `SELECT * FROM "${database}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."VIEWS"`
                : `SELECT * FROM "INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."VIEWS"`;
            const allViewsResults: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(allViewsSql);

            await Promise.all(allViewsResults.map(viewResult => {
                // 'DROP VIEW' does not allow specifying the database name as a prefix to the object name.
                const dropTableSql = `DROP VIEW "${viewResult["TABLE_SCHEMA"]}"."${viewResult["TABLE_NAME"]}"`;
                return this.query(dropTableSql);
            }));

            let allTablesSql = database
                ? `SELECT * FROM "${database}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."TABLES" WHERE "TABLE_TYPE" = 'BASE TABLE'`
                : `SELECT * FROM "INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."TABLES" WHERE "TABLE_TYPE" = 'BASE TABLE'`;
            const allTablesResults: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(allTablesSql);
            await Promise.all(allTablesResults.map(async tablesResult => {
                // const tableName = database ? `"${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}"."sys"."foreign_keys"` : `"sys"."foreign_keys"`;
                const dropForeignKeySql = `SELECT 'ALTER TABLE "${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}"."' + OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME("fk"."parent_object_id", DB_ID('${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}')) + '"."' + OBJECT_NAME("fk"."parent_object_id", DB_ID('${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}')) + '" ` +
                    `DROP CONSTRAINT "' + "fk"."name" + '"' as "query" FROM "${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}"."sys"."foreign_keys" AS "fk" ` +
                    `WHERE "fk"."referenced_object_id" = OBJECT_ID('"${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}"."${tablesResult["TABLE_SCHEMA"]}"."${tablesResult["TABLE_NAME"]}"')`;
                const dropFkQueries: ObjectLiteral[] = await this.query(dropForeignKeySql);
                return Promise.all(dropFkQueries.map(result => result["query"]).map(dropQuery => this.query(dropQuery)));
            }));
            await Promise.all(allTablesResults.map(tablesResult => {
                if (tablesResult["TABLE_NAME"].startsWith("#")) {
                    // don't try to drop temporary tables
                    return;
                }

                const dropTableSql = `DROP TABLE "${tablesResult["TABLE_CATALOG"]}"."${tablesResult["TABLE_SCHEMA"]}"."${tablesResult["TABLE_NAME"]}"`;
                return this.query(dropTableSql);
            }));

            await this.commitTransaction();

        } catch (error) {
            try { // we throw original error even if rollback thrown an error
                await this.rollbackTransaction();
            } catch (rollbackError) { }
            throw error;
        }
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Protected Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Return current database.
     */
    protected async getCurrentDatabase(): Promise<string> {
        const currentDBQuery = await this.query(`SELECT DB_NAME() AS "db_name"`);
        return currentDBQuery[0]["db_name"];
    }

    /**
     * Return current schema.
     */
    protected async getCurrentSchema(): Promise<string> {
        const currentSchemaQuery = await this.query(`SELECT SCHEMA_NAME() AS "schema_name"`);
        return currentSchemaQuery[0]["schema_name"];
    }

    protected async loadViews(viewPaths: string[]): Promise<View[]> {
        const hasTable = await this.hasTable(this.getTypeormMetadataTableName());
        if (!hasTable)
            return Promise.resolve([]);

        const currentSchema = await this.getCurrentSchema();
        const currentDatabase = await this.getCurrentDatabase();

        const extractTableSchemaAndName = (tableName: string): string[] => {
            let [database, schema, name] = tableName.split(".");
            // if name is empty, it means that tableName have only schema name and table name or only table name
            if (!name) {
                // if schema is empty, it means tableName have only name of a table. Otherwise it means that we have "schemaName"."tableName" string.
                if (!schema) {
                    name = database;
                    schema = this.driver.options.schema || currentSchema;

                } else {
                    name = schema;
                    schema = database;
                }
            } else if (schema === "") {
                schema = this.driver.options.schema || currentSchema;
            }

            return [schema, name];
        };

        const dbNames = viewPaths
            .filter(viewPath => viewPath.split(".").length === 3)
            .map(viewPath => viewPath.split(".")[0]);

        if (this.driver.database && !dbNames.find(dbName => dbName === this.driver.database))
            dbNames.push(this.driver.database);

        const viewsCondition = viewPaths.map(viewPath => {
            const [schema, name] = extractTableSchemaAndName(viewPath);
            return `("T"."SCHEMA" = '${schema}' AND "T"."NAME" = '${name}')`;
        }).join(" OR ");

        const query = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT "T".*, "V"."CHECK_OPTION" FROM ${this.escapePath(this.getTypeormMetadataTableName())} "t" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."VIEWS" "V" ON "V"."TABLE_SCHEMA" = "T"."SCHEMA" AND "v"."TABLE_NAME" = "T"."NAME" WHERE "T"."TYPE" = 'VIEW' ${viewsCondition ? `AND (${viewsCondition})` : ""}`;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const dbViews = await this.query(query);
        return dbViews.map((dbView: any) => {
            const view = new View();
            const db = dbView["TABLE_CATALOG"] === currentDatabase ? undefined : dbView["TABLE_CATALOG"];
            const schema = dbView["schema"] === currentSchema && !this.driver.options.schema ? undefined : dbView["schema"];
            view.name = this.driver.buildTableName(dbView["name"], schema, db);
            view.expression = dbView["value"];
            return view;
        });
    }

    /**
     * Loads all tables (with given names) from the database and creates a Table from them.
     */
    protected async loadTables(tableNames: string[]): Promise<Table[]> {

        // if no tables given then no need to proceed
        if (!tableNames || !tableNames.length)
            return [];

        const schemaNames: string[] = [];
        const currentSchema = await this.getCurrentSchema();
        const currentDatabase = await this.getCurrentDatabase();

        const extractTableSchemaAndName = (tableName: string): string[] => {
            let [database, schema, name] = tableName.split(".");
            // if name is empty, it means that tableName have only schema name and table name or only table name
            if (!name) {
                // if schema is empty, it means tableName have only name of a table. Otherwise it means that we have "schemaName"."tableName" string.
                if (!schema) {
                    name = database;
                    schema = this.driver.options.schema || currentSchema;

                } else {
                    name = schema;
                    schema = database;
                }
            } else if (schema === "") {
                schema = this.driver.options.schema || currentSchema;
            }

            return [schema, name];
        };

        tableNames.filter(tablePath => tablePath.indexOf(".") !== -1)
            .forEach(tablePath => {
                if (tablePath.split(".").length === 3) {
                    if (tablePath.split(".")[1] !== "")
                        schemaNames.push(tablePath.split(".")[1]);
                } else {
                    schemaNames.push(tablePath.split(".")[0]);
                }
            });
        schemaNames.push(this.driver.options.schema || currentSchema);

        const dbNames = tableNames
            .filter(tablePath => tablePath.split(".").length === 3)
            .map(tablePath => tablePath.split(".")[0]);
        if (this.driver.database && !dbNames.find(dbName => dbName === this.driver.database))
            dbNames.push(this.driver.database);

        // load tables, columns, indices and foreign keys
        const schemaNamesString = schemaNames.map(name => "'" + name + "'").join(", ");

        const tablesCondition = tableNames.map(tableName => {
            const [schema, name] = extractTableSchemaAndName(tableName);
            return `("TABLE_SCHEMA" = '${schema}' AND "TABLE_NAME" = '${name}')`;
        }).join(" OR ");

        const tablesSql = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT * FROM "${dbName}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."TABLES" WHERE ` + tablesCondition;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const columnsSql = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT * FROM "${dbName}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."COLUMNS" WHERE ` + tablesCondition;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const constraintsCondition = tableNames.map(tableName => {
            const [schema, name] = extractTableSchemaAndName(tableName);
            return `("columnUsages"."TABLE_SCHEMA" = '${schema}' AND "columnUsages"."TABLE_NAME" = '${name}' ` +
             `AND "tableConstraints"."TABLE_SCHEMA" = '${schema}' AND "tableConstraints"."TABLE_NAME" = '${name}')`;
        }).join(" OR ");

        const constraintsSql = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT "columnUsages".*, "tableConstraints"."CONSTRAINT_TYPE", "chk"."definition" ` +
                `FROM "${dbName}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE" "columnUsages" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."TABLE_CONSTRAINTS" "tableConstraints" ON "tableConstraints"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" = "columnUsages"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" ` +
                `LEFT JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."check_constraints" "chk" ON "chk"."name" = "columnUsages"."CONSTRAINT_NAME" ` +
                `WHERE (${constraintsCondition}) AND "tableConstraints"."CONSTRAINT_TYPE" IN ('PRIMARY KEY', 'UNIQUE', 'CHECK')`;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const foreignKeysSql = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT "fk"."name" AS "FK_NAME", '${dbName}' AS "TABLE_CATALOG", "s1"."name" AS "TABLE_SCHEMA", "t1"."name" AS "TABLE_NAME", ` +
                `"col1"."name" AS "COLUMN_NAME", "s2"."name" AS "REF_SCHEMA", "t2"."name" AS "REF_TABLE", "col2"."name" AS "REF_COLUMN", ` +
                `"fk"."delete_referential_action_desc" AS "ON_DELETE", "fk"."update_referential_action_desc" AS "ON_UPDATE" ` +
                `FROM "${dbName}"."sys"."foreign_keys" "fk" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."foreign_key_columns" "fkc" ON "fkc"."constraint_object_id" = "fk"."object_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."tables" "t1" ON "t1"."object_id" = "fk"."parent_object_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."schemas" "s1" ON "s1"."schema_id" = "t1"."schema_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."tables" "t2" ON "t2"."object_id" = "fk"."referenced_object_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."schemas" "s2" ON "s2"."schema_id" = "t2"."schema_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."columns" "col1" ON "col1"."column_id" = "fkc"."parent_column_id" AND "col1"."object_id" = "fk"."parent_object_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."columns" "col2" ON "col2"."column_id" = "fkc"."referenced_column_id" AND "col2"."object_id" = "fk"."referenced_object_id"`;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const identityColumnsSql = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT "TABLE_CATALOG", "TABLE_SCHEMA", "COLUMN_NAME", "TABLE_NAME" ` +
                `FROM "${dbName}"."INFORMATION_SCHEMA"."COLUMNS" ` +
                `WHERE COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id("TABLE_CATALOG" + '.' + "TABLE_SCHEMA" + '.' + "TABLE_NAME"), "COLUMN_NAME", 'IsIdentity') = 1 AND "TABLE_SCHEMA" IN (${schemaNamesString})`;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const dbCollationsSql = `SELECT "NAME", "COLLATION_NAME" FROM "sys"."databases"`;

        const indicesSql = dbNames.map(dbName => {
            return `SELECT '${dbName}' AS "TABLE_CATALOG", "s"."name" AS "TABLE_SCHEMA", "t"."name" AS "TABLE_NAME", ` +
                `"ind"."name" AS "INDEX_NAME", "col"."name" AS "COLUMN_NAME", "ind"."is_unique" AS "IS_UNIQUE", "ind"."filter_definition" as "CONDITION" ` +
                `FROM "${dbName}"."sys"."indexes" "ind" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."index_columns" "ic" ON "ic"."object_id" = "ind"."object_id" AND "ic"."index_id" = "ind"."index_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."columns" "col" ON "col"."object_id" = "ic"."object_id" AND "col"."column_id" = "ic"."column_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."tables" "t" ON "t"."object_id" = "ind"."object_id" ` +
                `INNER JOIN "${dbName}"."sys"."schemas" "s" ON "s"."schema_id" = "t"."schema_id" ` +
                `WHERE "ind"."is_primary_key" = 0 AND "ind"."is_unique_constraint" = 0 AND "t"."is_ms_shipped" = 0`;
        }).join(" UNION ALL ");

        const [
            dbTables,
            dbColumns,
            dbConstraints,
            dbForeignKeys,
            dbIdentityColumns,
            dbCollations,
            dbIndices
        ]: ObjectLiteral[][] = await Promise.all([
            this.query(tablesSql),
            this.query(columnsSql),
            this.query(constraintsSql),
            this.query(foreignKeysSql),
            this.query(identityColumnsSql),
            this.query(dbCollationsSql),
            this.query(indicesSql),
        ]);

        // if tables were not found in the db, no need to proceed
        if (!dbTables.length)
            return [];

        // create table schemas for loaded tables
        return await Promise.all(dbTables.map(async dbTable => {
            const table = new Table();

            // We do not need to join schema and database names, when db or schema is by default.
            // In this case we need local variable `tableFullName` for below comparision.
            const db = dbTable["TABLE_CATALOG"] === currentDatabase ? undefined : dbTable["TABLE_CATALOG"];
            const schema = dbTable["TABLE_SCHEMA"] === currentSchema && !this.driver.options.schema ? undefined : dbTable["TABLE_SCHEMA"];
            table.name = this.driver.buildTableName(dbTable["TABLE_NAME"], schema, db);
            const tableFullName = this.driver.buildTableName(dbTable["TABLE_NAME"], dbTable["TABLE_SCHEMA"], dbTable["TABLE_CATALOG"]);
            const defaultCollation = dbCollations.find(dbCollation => dbCollation["NAME"] === dbTable["TABLE_CATALOG"])!;

            // create columns from the loaded columns
            table.columns = dbColumns
                .filter(dbColumn => this.driver.buildTableName(dbColumn["TABLE_NAME"], dbColumn["TABLE_SCHEMA"], dbColumn["TABLE_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName)
                .map(dbColumn => {
                    const columnConstraints = dbConstraints.filter(dbConstraint => {
                        return this.driver.buildTableName(dbConstraint["TABLE_NAME"], dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA"], dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName
                            && dbConstraint["COLUMN_NAME"] === dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"];
                    });

                    const uniqueConstraint = columnConstraints.find(constraint => constraint["CONSTRAINT_TYPE"] === "UNIQUE");
                    const isConstraintComposite = uniqueConstraint
                        ? !!dbConstraints.find(dbConstraint => dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_TYPE"] === "UNIQUE"
                            && dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] === uniqueConstraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"]
                            && dbConstraint["COLUMN_NAME"] !== dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"])
                        : false;

                    const isPrimary = !!columnConstraints.find(constraint =>  constraint["CONSTRAINT_TYPE"] === "PRIMARY KEY");
                    const isGenerated = !!dbIdentityColumns.find(column => {
                        return this.driver.buildTableName(column["TABLE_NAME"], column["TABLE_SCHEMA"], column["TABLE_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName
                            && column["COLUMN_NAME"] === dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"];
                    });

                    const tableColumn = new TableColumn();
                    tableColumn.name = dbColumn["COLUMN_NAME"];
                    tableColumn.type = dbColumn["DATA_TYPE"].toLowerCase();

                    // check only columns that have length property
                    if (this.driver.withLengthColumnTypes.indexOf(tableColumn.type as ColumnType) !== -1 && dbColumn["CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH"]) {
                        const length = dbColumn["CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH"].toString();
                        if (length === "-1") {
                            tableColumn.length = "MAX";
                        } else {
                            tableColumn.length = !this.isDefaultColumnLength(table, tableColumn, length) ? length : "";
                        }
                    }

                    if (tableColumn.type === "decimal" || tableColumn.type === "numeric") {
                        if (dbColumn["NUMERIC_PRECISION"] !== null && !this.isDefaultColumnPrecision(table, tableColumn, dbColumn["NUMERIC_PRECISION"]))
                            tableColumn.precision = dbColumn["NUMERIC_PRECISION"];
                        if (dbColumn["NUMERIC_SCALE"] !== null && !this.isDefaultColumnScale(table, tableColumn, dbColumn["NUMERIC_SCALE"]))
                            tableColumn.scale = dbColumn["NUMERIC_SCALE"];
                    }

                    if (tableColumn.type === "nvarchar") {
                        // Check if this is an enum
                        const columnCheckConstraints = columnConstraints.filter(constraint => constraint["CONSTRAINT_TYPE"] === "CHECK");
                        if (columnCheckConstraints.length) {
                            const isEnumRegexp = new RegExp("^\\(\\[" + tableColumn.name + "\\]='[^']+'(?: OR \\[" + tableColumn.name + "\\]='[^']+')*\\)$");
                            for (const checkConstraint of columnCheckConstraints) {
                                if (isEnumRegexp.test(checkConstraint["definition"])) {
                                    // This is an enum constraint, make column into an enum
                                    tableColumn.type = "simple-enum";
                                    tableColumn.enum = [];
                                    const enumValueRegexp = new RegExp("\\[" + tableColumn.name + "\\]='([^']+)'", "g");
                                    let result;
                                    while ((result = enumValueRegexp.exec(checkConstraint["definition"])) !== null) {
                                        tableColumn.enum.unshift(result[1]);
                                    }
                                    // Skip other column constraints
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    tableColumn.default = dbColumn["COLUMN_DEFAULT"] !== null && dbColumn["COLUMN_DEFAULT"] !== undefined
                        ? this.removeParenthesisFromDefault(dbColumn["COLUMN_DEFAULT"])
                        : undefined;
                    tableColumn.isNullable = dbColumn["IS_NULLABLE"] === "YES";
                    tableColumn.isPrimary = isPrimary;
                    tableColumn.isUnique = !!uniqueConstraint && !isConstraintComposite;
                    tableColumn.isGenerated = isGenerated;
                    if (isGenerated)
                        tableColumn.generationStrategy = "increment";
                    if (tableColumn.default === "newsequentialid()") {
                        tableColumn.isGenerated = true;
                        tableColumn.generationStrategy = "uuid";
                        tableColumn.default = undefined;
                    }

                    // todo: unable to get default charset
                    // tableColumn.charset = dbColumn["CHARACTER_SET_NAME"];
                    if (dbColumn["COLLATION_NAME"])
                        tableColumn.collation = dbColumn["COLLATION_NAME"] === defaultCollation["COLLATION_NAME"] ? undefined : dbColumn["COLLATION_NAME"];

                    if (tableColumn.type === "datetime2" || tableColumn.type === "time" || tableColumn.type === "datetimeoffset") {
                        tableColumn.precision = !this.isDefaultColumnPrecision(table, tableColumn, dbColumn["DATETIME_PRECISION"]) ? dbColumn["DATETIME_PRECISION"] : undefined;
                    }

                    return tableColumn;
                });

            // find unique constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableUnique.
            const tableUniqueConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(dbConstraints.filter(dbConstraint => {
                return this.driver.buildTableName(dbConstraint["TABLE_NAME"], dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA"], dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName
                    && dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_TYPE"] === "UNIQUE";
            }), dbConstraint => dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"]);

            table.uniques = tableUniqueConstraints.map(constraint => {
                const uniques = dbConstraints.filter(dbC => dbC["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] === constraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"]);
                return new TableUnique({
                    name: constraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    columnNames: uniques.map(u => u["COLUMN_NAME"])
                });
            });

            // find check constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableCheck.
            const tableCheckConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(dbConstraints.filter(dbConstraint => {
                return this.driver.buildTableName(dbConstraint["TABLE_NAME"], dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA"], dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName
                    && dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_TYPE"] === "CHECK";
            }), dbConstraint => dbConstraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"]);

            table.checks = tableCheckConstraints.map(constraint => {
                const checks = dbConstraints.filter(dbC => dbC["CONSTRAINT_NAME"] === constraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"]);
                return new TableCheck({
                    name: constraint["CONSTRAINT_NAME"],
                    columnNames: checks.map(c => c["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    expression: constraint["definition"]
                });
            });

            // find foreign key constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableForeignKey.
            const tableForeignKeyConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(dbForeignKeys.filter(dbForeignKey => {
                return this.driver.buildTableName(dbForeignKey["TABLE_NAME"], dbForeignKey["TABLE_SCHEMA"], dbForeignKey["TABLE_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName;
            }), dbForeignKey => dbForeignKey["FK_NAME"]);

            table.foreignKeys = tableForeignKeyConstraints.map(dbForeignKey => {
                const foreignKeys = dbForeignKeys.filter(dbFk => dbFk["FK_NAME"] === dbForeignKey["FK_NAME"]);

                // if referenced table located in currently used db and schema, we don't need to concat db and schema names to table name.
                const db = dbForeignKey["TABLE_CATALOG"] === currentDatabase ? undefined : dbForeignKey["TABLE_CATALOG"];
                const schema = dbForeignKey["REF_SCHEMA"] === currentSchema ? undefined : dbForeignKey["REF_SCHEMA"];
                const referencedTableName = this.driver.buildTableName(dbForeignKey["REF_TABLE"], schema, db);

                return new TableForeignKey({
                    name: dbForeignKey["FK_NAME"],
                    columnNames: foreignKeys.map(dbFk => dbFk["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    referencedTableName: referencedTableName,
                    referencedColumnNames: foreignKeys.map(dbFk => dbFk["REF_COLUMN"]),
                    onDelete: dbForeignKey["ON_DELETE"].replace("_", " "), // SqlServer returns NO_ACTION, instead of NO ACTION
                    onUpdate: dbForeignKey["ON_UPDATE"].replace("_", " ") // SqlServer returns NO_ACTION, instead of NO ACTION
                });
            });

            // find index constraints of table, group them by constraint name and build TableIndex.
            const tableIndexConstraints = OrmUtils.uniq(dbIndices.filter(dbIndex => {
                return this.driver.buildTableName(dbIndex["TABLE_NAME"], dbIndex["TABLE_SCHEMA"], dbIndex["TABLE_CATALOG"]) === tableFullName;
            }), dbIndex => dbIndex["INDEX_NAME"]);

            table.indices = tableIndexConstraints.map(constraint => {
                const indices = dbIndices.filter(index => {
                    return index["TABLE_CATALOG"] === constraint["TABLE_CATALOG"]
                        && index["TABLE_SCHEMA"] === constraint["TABLE_SCHEMA"]
                        && index["TABLE_NAME"] === constraint["TABLE_NAME"]
                        && index["INDEX_NAME"] === constraint["INDEX_NAME"];
                });
                return new TableIndex(<TableIndexOptions>{
                    table: table,
                    name: constraint["INDEX_NAME"],
                    columnNames: indices.map(i => i["COLUMN_NAME"]),
                    isUnique: constraint["IS_UNIQUE"],
                    where: constraint["CONDITION"]
                });
            });

            return table;
        }));
    }

    /**
     * Builds and returns SQL for create table.
     */
    protected createTableSql(table: Table, createForeignKeys?: boolean): Query {
        const columnDefinitions = table.columns.map(column => this.buildCreateColumnSql(table, column, false, true)).join(", ");
        let sql = `CREATE TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} (${columnDefinitions}`;

        table.columns
            .filter(column => column.isUnique)
            .forEach(column => {
                const isUniqueExist = table.uniques.some(unique => unique.columnNames.length === 1 && unique.columnNames[0] === column.name);
                if (!isUniqueExist)
                    table.uniques.push(new TableUnique({
                        name: this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(table.name, [column.name]),
                        columnNames: [column.name]
                    }));
            });

        if (table.uniques.length > 0) {
            const uniquesSql = table.uniques.map(unique => {
                const uniqueName = unique.name ? unique.name : this.connection.namingStrategy.uniqueConstraintName(table.name, unique.columnNames);
                const columnNames = unique.columnNames.map(columnName => `"${columnName}"`).join(", ");
                return `CONSTRAINT "${uniqueName}" UNIQUE (${columnNames})`;
            }).join(", ");

            sql += `, ${uniquesSql}`;
        }

        if (table.checks.length > 0) {
            const checksSql = table.checks.map(check => {
                const checkName = check.name ? check.name : this.connection.namingStrategy.checkConstraintName(table.name, check.expression!);
                return `CONSTRAINT "${checkName}" CHECK (${check.expression})`;
            }).join(", ");

            sql += `, ${checksSql}`;
        }

        if (table.foreignKeys.length > 0 && createForeignKeys) {
            const foreignKeysSql = table.foreignKeys.map(fk => {
                const columnNames = fk.columnNames.map(columnName => `"${columnName}"`).join(", ");
                if (!fk.name)
                    fk.name = this.connection.namingStrategy.foreignKeyName(table.name, fk.columnNames, fk.referencedTableName, fk.referencedColumnNames);
                const referencedColumnNames = fk.referencedColumnNames.map(columnName => `"${columnName}"`).join(", ");

                let constraint = `CONSTRAINT "${fk.name}" FOREIGN KEY (${columnNames}) REFERENCES ${this.escapePath(fk.referencedTableName)} (${referencedColumnNames})`;
                if (fk.onDelete)
                    constraint += ` ON DELETE ${fk.onDelete}`;
                if (fk.onUpdate)
                    constraint += ` ON UPDATE ${fk.onUpdate}`;

                return constraint;
            }).join(", ");

            sql += `, ${foreignKeysSql}`;
        }

        const primaryColumns = table.columns.filter(column => column.isPrimary);
        if (primaryColumns.length > 0) {
            const primaryKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(table.name, primaryColumns.map(column => column.name));
            const columnNames = primaryColumns.map(column => `"${column.name}"`).join(", ");
            sql += `, CONSTRAINT "${primaryKeyName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNames})`;
        }

        sql += `)`;

        return new Query(sql);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop table sql.
     */
    protected dropTableSql(tableOrName: Table|string, ifExist?: boolean): Query {
        const query = ifExist ? `DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${this.escapePath(tableOrName)}` : `DROP TABLE ${this.escapePath(tableOrName)}`;
        return new Query(query);
    }

    protected createViewSql(view: View): Query {
        if (typeof view.expression === "string") {
            return new Query(`CREATE VIEW ${this.escapePath(view)} AS ${view.expression}`);
        } else {
            return new Query(`CREATE VIEW ${this.escapePath(view)} AS ${view.expression(this.connection).getQuery()}`);
        }
    }

    protected async insertViewDefinitionSql(view: View): Promise<Query> {
        const currentSchema = await this.getCurrentSchema();
        const parsedTableName = this.parseTableName(view, currentSchema);
        const expression = typeof view.expression === "string" ? view.expression.trim() : view.expression(this.connection).getQuery();
        const [query, parameters] = this.connection.createQueryBuilder()
            .insert()
            .into(this.getTypeormMetadataTableName())
            .values({ type: "VIEW", database: parsedTableName.database, schema: parsedTableName.schema, name: parsedTableName.name, value: expression })
            .getQueryAndParameters();

        return new Query(query, parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop view sql.
     */
    protected dropViewSql(viewOrPath: View|string): Query {
        return new Query(`DROP VIEW ${this.escapePath(viewOrPath)}`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds remove view sql.
     */
    protected async deleteViewDefinitionSql(viewOrPath: View|string): Promise<Query> {
        const currentSchema = await this.getCurrentSchema();
        const parsedTableName = this.parseTableName(viewOrPath, currentSchema);

        const qb = this.connection.createQueryBuilder();
        const [query, parameters] = qb.delete()
            .from(this.getTypeormMetadataTableName())
            .where(`${qb.escape("type")} = 'VIEW'`)
            .andWhere(`${qb.escape("database")} = :database`, { database: parsedTableName.database })
            .andWhere(`${qb.escape("schema")} = :schema`, { schema: parsedTableName.schema })
            .andWhere(`${qb.escape("name")} = :name`, { name: parsedTableName.name })
            .getQueryAndParameters();

        return new Query(query, parameters);
    }

    /**
     * Builds create index sql.
     */
    protected createIndexSql(table: Table, index: TableIndex): Query {
        const columns = index.columnNames.map(columnName => `"${columnName}"`).join(", ");
        return new Query(`CREATE ${index.isUnique ? "UNIQUE " : ""}INDEX "${index.name}" ON ${this.escapePath(table)} (${columns}) ${index.where ? "WHERE " + index.where : ""}`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop index sql.
     */
    protected dropIndexSql(table: Table, indexOrName: TableIndex|string): Query {
        let indexName = indexOrName instanceof TableIndex ? indexOrName.name : indexOrName;
        return new Query(`DROP INDEX "${indexName}" ON ${this.escapePath(table)}`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds create primary key sql.
     */
    protected createPrimaryKeySql(table: Table, columnNames: string[]): Query {
        const primaryKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(table.name, columnNames);
        const columnNamesString = columnNames.map(columnName => `"${columnName}"`).join(", ");
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${primaryKeyName}" PRIMARY KEY (${columnNamesString})`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop primary key sql.
     */
    protected dropPrimaryKeySql(table: Table): Query {
        const columnNames = table.primaryColumns.map(column => column.name);
        const primaryKeyName = this.connection.namingStrategy.primaryKeyName(table.name, columnNames);
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${primaryKeyName}"`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds create unique constraint sql.
     */
    protected createUniqueConstraintSql(table: Table, uniqueConstraint: TableUnique): Query {
        const columnNames = uniqueConstraint.columnNames.map(column => `"` + column + `"`).join(", ");
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${uniqueConstraint.name}" UNIQUE (${columnNames})`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop unique constraint sql.
     */
    protected dropUniqueConstraintSql(table: Table, uniqueOrName: TableUnique|string): Query {
        const uniqueName = uniqueOrName instanceof TableUnique ? uniqueOrName.name : uniqueOrName;
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${uniqueName}"`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds create check constraint sql.
     */
    protected createCheckConstraintSql(table: Table, checkConstraint: TableCheck): Query {
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${checkConstraint.name}" CHECK (${checkConstraint.expression})`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop check constraint sql.
     */
    protected dropCheckConstraintSql(table: Table, checkOrName: TableCheck|string): Query {
        const checkName = checkOrName instanceof TableCheck ? checkOrName.name : checkOrName;
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${checkName}"`);
    }

    /**
     * Builds create foreign key sql.
     */
    protected createForeignKeySql(table: Table, foreignKey: TableForeignKey): Query {
        const columnNames = foreignKey.columnNames.map(column => `"` + column + `"`).join(", ");
        const referencedColumnNames = foreignKey.referencedColumnNames.map(column => `"` + column + `"`).join(",");
        let sql = `ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} ADD CONSTRAINT "${foreignKey.name}" FOREIGN KEY (${columnNames}) ` +
            `REFERENCES ${this.escapePath(foreignKey.referencedTableName)}(${referencedColumnNames})`;
        if (foreignKey.onDelete)
            sql += ` ON DELETE ${foreignKey.onDelete}`;
        if (foreignKey.onUpdate)
            sql += ` ON UPDATE ${foreignKey.onUpdate}`;

        return new Query(sql);
    }

    /**
     * Builds drop foreign key sql.
     */
    protected dropForeignKeySql(table: Table, foreignKeyOrName: TableForeignKey|string): Query {
        const foreignKeyName = foreignKeyOrName instanceof TableForeignKey ? foreignKeyOrName.name : foreignKeyOrName;
        return new Query(`ALTER TABLE ${this.escapePath(table)} DROP CONSTRAINT "${foreignKeyName}"`);
    }

    /**
     * Escapes given table or View path.
     */
    protected escapePath(target: Table|View|string, disableEscape?: boolean): string {
        let name = target instanceof Table || target instanceof View ? target.name : target;
        if (this.driver.options.schema) {
            if (name.indexOf(".") === -1) {
                name = `${this.driver.options.schema}.${name}`;
            } else if (name.split(".").length === 3) {
                const splittedName = name.split(".");
                const dbName = splittedName[0];
                const tableName = splittedName[2];
                name = `${dbName}.${this.driver.options.schema}.${tableName}`;
            }
        }

        return name.split(".").map(i => {
            // this condition need because when custom database name was specified and schema name was not, we got `dbName..tableName` string, and doesn't need to escape middle empty string
            if (i === "")
                return i;
            return disableEscape ? i : `"${i}"`;
        }).join(".");
    }

    protected parseTableName(target: Table|View|string, schema?: string) {
        const tableName = (target instanceof Table || target instanceof View) ? target.name : target;
        if (tableName.split(".").length === 3) {
            return {
                database: tableName.split(".")[0],
                schema: tableName.split(".")[1] === "" ? schema || "SCHEMA_NAME()" : tableName.split(".")[1],
                name: tableName.split(".")[2]
            };
        } else if (tableName.split(".").length === 2) {
            return {
                database: this.driver.database,
                schema: tableName.split(".")[0],
                name: tableName.split(".")[1]
            };
        } else {
            return {
                database: this.driver.database,
                schema: this.driver.options.schema ? this.driver.options.schema : schema || "SCHEMA_NAME()",
                name: tableName
            };
        }
    }

    /**
     * Concat database name and schema name to the foreign key name.
     * Needs because FK name is relevant to the schema and database.
     */
    protected buildForeignKeyName(fkName: string, schemaName: string|undefined, dbName: string|undefined): string {
        let joinedFkName = fkName;
        if (schemaName)
            joinedFkName = schemaName + "." + joinedFkName;
        if (dbName)
            joinedFkName = dbName + "." + joinedFkName;

        return joinedFkName;
    }

    /**
     * Removes parenthesis around default value.
     * Sql server returns default value with parenthesis around, e.g.
     *  ('My text') - for string
     *  ((1)) - for number
     *  (newsequentialId()) - for function
     */
    protected removeParenthesisFromDefault(defaultValue: string): any {
        if (defaultValue.substr(0, 1) !== "(")
            return defaultValue;
        const normalizedDefault = defaultValue.substr(1, defaultValue.lastIndexOf(")") - 1);
        return this.removeParenthesisFromDefault(normalizedDefault);
    }

    /**
     * Builds a query for create column.
     */
    protected buildCreateColumnSql(table: Table, column: TableColumn, skipIdentity: boolean, createDefault: boolean) {
        let c = `"${column.name}" ${this.connection.driver.createFullType(column)}`;

        if (column.enum)
            c += " CHECK( " + column.name + " IN (" + column.enum.map(val => "'" + val + "'").join(",") + ") )";

        if (column.collation)
            c += " COLLATE " + column.collation;

        if (column.isNullable !== true)
            c += " NOT NULL";

        if (column.isGenerated === true && column.generationStrategy === "increment" && !skipIdentity) // don't use skipPrimary here since updates can update already exist primary without auto inc.
            c += " IDENTITY(1,1)";

        if (column.default !== undefined && column.default !== null && createDefault) {
            // we create named constraint to be able to delete this constraint when column been dropped
            const defaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, column.name);
            c += ` CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}" DEFAULT ${column.default}`;
        }

        if (column.isGenerated && column.generationStrategy === "uuid" && !column.default) {
            // we create named constraint to be able to delete this constraint when column been dropped
            const defaultName = this.connection.namingStrategy.defaultConstraintName(table.name, column.name);
            c += ` CONSTRAINT "${defaultName}" DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID()`;
        }
        return c;
    }

    /**
     * Converts MssqlParameter into real mssql parameter type.
     */
    protected mssqlParameterToNativeParameter(parameter: MssqlParameter): any {
        switch (this.driver.normalizeType({ type: parameter.type as any })) {
            case "bit":
                return this.driver.mssql.Bit;
            case "bigint":
                return this.driver.mssql.BigInt;
            case "decimal":
                return this.driver.mssql.Decimal(...parameter.params);
            case "float":
                return this.driver.mssql.Float;
            case "int":
                return this.driver.mssql.Int;
            case "money":
                return this.driver.mssql.Money;
            case "numeric":
                return this.driver.mssql.Numeric(...parameter.params);
            case "smallint":
                return this.driver.mssql.SmallInt;
            case "smallmoney":
                return this.driver.mssql.SmallMoney;
            case "real":
                return this.driver.mssql.Real;
            case "tinyint":
                return this.driver.mssql.TinyInt;
            case "char":
                return this.driver.mssql.Char(...parameter.params);
            case "nchar":
                return this.driver.mssql.NChar(...parameter.params);
            case "text":
                return this.driver.mssql.Text;
            case "ntext":
                return this.driver.mssql.Ntext;
            case "varchar":
                return this.driver.mssql.VarChar(...parameter.params);
            case "nvarchar":
                return this.driver.mssql.NVarChar(...parameter.params);
            case "xml":
                return this.driver.mssql.Xml;
            case "time":
                return this.driver.mssql.Time(...parameter.params);
            case "date":
                return this.driver.mssql.Date;
            case "datetime":
                return this.driver.mssql.DateTime;
            case "datetime2":
                return this.driver.mssql.DateTime2(...parameter.params);
            case "datetimeoffset":
                return this.driver.mssql.DateTimeOffset(...parameter.params);
            case "smalldatetime":
                return this.driver.mssql.SmallDateTime;
            case "uniqueidentifier":
                return this.driver.mssql.UniqueIdentifier;
            case "variant":
                return this.driver.mssql.Variant;
            case "binary":
                return this.driver.mssql.Binary;
            case "varbinary":
                return this.driver.mssql.VarBinary(...parameter.params);
            case "image":
                return this.driver.mssql.Image;
            case "udt":
                return this.driver.mssql.UDT;
            case "rowversion":
                return this.driver.mssql.RowVersion;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Converts string literal of isolation level to enum.
     * The underlying mssql driver requires an enum for the isolation level.
     */
    convertIsolationLevel(isolation: IsolationLevel) {
        const ISOLATION_LEVEL = this.driver.mssql.ISOLATION_LEVEL;
        switch (isolation) {
            case "READ UNCOMMITTED":
                return ISOLATION_LEVEL.READ_UNCOMMITTED;
            case "REPEATABLE READ":
                return ISOLATION_LEVEL.REPEATABLE_READ;
            case "SERIALIZABLE":
                return ISOLATION_LEVEL.SERIALIZABLE;

            case "READ COMMITTED":
            default:
                return ISOLATION_LEVEL.READ_COMMITTED;
        }
    }

}