src/query-builder/InsertQueryBuilder.ts

import { v4 as uuidv4 } from "uuid"
import { EntityTarget } from "../common/EntityTarget"
import { ObjectLiteral } from "../common/ObjectLiteral"
import { AuroraMysqlDriver } from "../driver/aurora-mysql/AuroraMysqlDriver"
import { DriverUtils } from "../driver/DriverUtils"
import { MysqlDriver } from "../driver/mysql/MysqlDriver"
import { SqlServerDriver } from "../driver/sqlserver/SqlServerDriver"
import { TypeORMError } from "../error"
import { InsertValuesMissingError } from "../error/InsertValuesMissingError"
import { ReturningStatementNotSupportedError } from "../error/ReturningStatementNotSupportedError"
import { ColumnMetadata } from "../metadata/ColumnMetadata"
import { BroadcasterResult } from "../subscriber/BroadcasterResult"
import { InstanceChecker } from "../util/InstanceChecker"
import { ObjectUtils } from "../util/ObjectUtils"
import { InsertOrUpdateOptions } from "./InsertOrUpdateOptions"
import { QueryBuilder } from "./QueryBuilder"
import { QueryDeepPartialEntity } from "./QueryPartialEntity"
import { InsertResult } from "./result/InsertResult"
import { ReturningResultsEntityUpdator } from "./ReturningResultsEntityUpdator"

/**
 * Allows to build complex sql queries in a fashion way and execute those queries.
 */
export class InsertQueryBuilder<
    Entity extends ObjectLiteral,
> extends QueryBuilder<Entity> {
    readonly "@instanceof" = Symbol.for("InsertQueryBuilder")

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Implemented Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Gets generated SQL query without parameters being replaced.
     */
    getQuery(): string {
        let sql = this.createComment()
        sql += this.createCteExpression()
        sql += this.createInsertExpression()
        return this.replacePropertyNamesForTheWholeQuery(sql.trim())
    }

    /**
     * Executes sql generated by query builder and returns raw database results.
     */
    async execute(): Promise<InsertResult> {
        // console.time(".value sets");
        const valueSets: ObjectLiteral[] = this.getValueSets()
        // console.timeEnd(".value sets");

        // If user passed empty array of entities then we don't need to do
        // anything.
        //
        // Fixes GitHub issues #3111 and #5734. If we were to let this through
        // we would run into problems downstream, like subscribers getting
        // invoked with the empty array where they expect an entity, and SQL
        // queries with an empty VALUES clause.
        if (valueSets.length === 0) return new InsertResult()

        // console.time("QueryBuilder.execute");
        // console.time(".database stuff");
        const queryRunner = this.obtainQueryRunner()
        let transactionStartedByUs: boolean = false

        try {
            // start transaction if it was enabled
            if (
                this.expressionMap.useTransaction === true &&
                queryRunner.isTransactionActive === false
            ) {
                await queryRunner.startTransaction()
                transactionStartedByUs = true
            }

            // console.timeEnd(".database stuff");

            // call before insertion methods in listeners and subscribers
            if (
                this.expressionMap.callListeners === true &&
                this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata
            ) {
                const broadcastResult = new BroadcasterResult()
                valueSets.forEach((valueSet) => {
                    queryRunner.broadcaster.broadcastBeforeInsertEvent(
                        broadcastResult,
                        this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.metadata,
                        valueSet,
                    )
                })
                await broadcastResult.wait()
            }

            let declareSql: string | null = null
            let selectOutputSql: string | null = null

            // if update entity mode is enabled we may need extra columns for the returning statement
            // console.time(".prepare returning statement");
            const returningResultsEntityUpdator =
                new ReturningResultsEntityUpdator(
                    queryRunner,
                    this.expressionMap,
                )

            const returningColumns: ColumnMetadata[] = []

            if (
                Array.isArray(this.expressionMap.returning) &&
                this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata
            ) {
                for (const columnPath of this.expressionMap.returning) {
                    returningColumns.push(
                        ...this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.metadata.findColumnsWithPropertyPath(
                            columnPath,
                        ),
                    )
                }
            }

            if (
                this.expressionMap.updateEntity === true &&
                this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata
            ) {
                if (
                    !(
                        valueSets.length > 1 &&
                        this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle"
                    )
                ) {
                    this.expressionMap.extraReturningColumns =
                        this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.metadata.getInsertionReturningColumns()
                }

                returningColumns.push(
                    ...this.expressionMap.extraReturningColumns.filter(
                        (c) => !returningColumns.includes(c),
                    ),
                )
            }

            if (
                returningColumns.length > 0 &&
                this.connection.driver.options.type === "mssql"
            ) {
                declareSql = (
                    this.connection.driver as SqlServerDriver
                ).buildTableVariableDeclaration(
                    "@OutputTable",
                    returningColumns,
                )
                selectOutputSql = `SELECT * FROM @OutputTable`
            }
            // console.timeEnd(".prepare returning statement");

            // execute query
            // console.time(".getting query and parameters");
            const [insertSql, parameters] = this.getQueryAndParameters()
            // console.timeEnd(".getting query and parameters");

            // console.time(".query execution by database");
            const statements = [declareSql, insertSql, selectOutputSql]
            const sql = statements.filter((s) => s != null).join(";\n\n")

            const queryResult = await queryRunner.query(sql, parameters, true)

            const insertResult = InsertResult.from(queryResult)

            // console.timeEnd(".query execution by database");

            // load returning results and set them to the entity if entity updation is enabled
            if (
                this.expressionMap.updateEntity === true &&
                this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata
            ) {
                // console.time(".updating entity");
                await returningResultsEntityUpdator.insert(
                    insertResult,
                    valueSets,
                )
                // console.timeEnd(".updating entity");
            }

            // call after insertion methods in listeners and subscribers
            if (
                this.expressionMap.callListeners === true &&
                this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata
            ) {
                const broadcastResult = new BroadcasterResult()
                valueSets.forEach((valueSet) => {
                    queryRunner.broadcaster.broadcastAfterInsertEvent(
                        broadcastResult,
                        this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.metadata,
                        valueSet,
                    )
                })
                await broadcastResult.wait()
            }

            // close transaction if we started it
            // console.time(".commit");
            if (transactionStartedByUs) {
                await queryRunner.commitTransaction()
            }
            // console.timeEnd(".commit");

            return insertResult
        } catch (error) {
            // rollback transaction if we started it
            if (transactionStartedByUs) {
                try {
                    await queryRunner.rollbackTransaction()
                } catch (rollbackError) {}
            }
            throw error
        } finally {
            // console.time(".releasing connection");
            if (queryRunner !== this.queryRunner) {
                // means we created our own query runner
                await queryRunner.release()
            }
            // console.timeEnd(".releasing connection");
            // console.timeEnd("QueryBuilder.execute");
        }
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Public Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Specifies INTO which entity's table insertion will be executed.
     */
    into<T extends ObjectLiteral>(
        entityTarget: EntityTarget<T>,
        columns?: string[],
    ): InsertQueryBuilder<T> {
        entityTarget = InstanceChecker.isEntitySchema(entityTarget)
            ? entityTarget.options.name
            : entityTarget
        const mainAlias = this.createFromAlias(entityTarget)
        this.expressionMap.setMainAlias(mainAlias)
        this.expressionMap.insertColumns = columns || []
        return this as any as InsertQueryBuilder<T>
    }

    /**
     * Values needs to be inserted into table.
     */
    values(
        values:
            | QueryDeepPartialEntity<Entity>
            | QueryDeepPartialEntity<Entity>[],
    ): this {
        this.expressionMap.valuesSet = values
        return this
    }

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     * This will return given column values.
     */
    output(columns: string[]): this

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     * Returning is a SQL string containing returning statement.
     */
    output(output: string): this

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     */
    output(output: string | string[]): this

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     */
    output(output: string | string[]): this {
        return this.returning(output)
    }

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     * This will return given column values.
     */
    returning(columns: string[]): this

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     * Returning is a SQL string containing returning statement.
     */
    returning(returning: string): this

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     */
    returning(returning: string | string[]): this

    /**
     * Optional returning/output clause.
     */
    returning(returning: string | string[]): this {
        // not all databases support returning/output cause
        if (!this.connection.driver.isReturningSqlSupported("insert")) {
            throw new ReturningStatementNotSupportedError()
        }

        this.expressionMap.returning = returning
        return this
    }

    /**
     * Indicates if entity must be updated after insertion operations.
     * This may produce extra query or use RETURNING / OUTPUT statement (depend on database).
     * Enabled by default.
     */
    updateEntity(enabled: boolean): this {
        this.expressionMap.updateEntity = enabled
        return this
    }

    /**
     * Adds additional ON CONFLICT statement supported in postgres and cockroach.
     *
     * @deprecated Use `orIgnore` or `orUpdate`
     */
    onConflict(statement: string): this {
        this.expressionMap.onConflict = statement
        return this
    }

    /**
     * Adds additional ignore statement supported in databases.
     */
    orIgnore(statement: string | boolean = true): this {
        this.expressionMap.onIgnore = !!statement
        return this
    }

    /**
     * @deprecated
     *
     * `.orUpdate({ columns: [ "is_updated" ] }).setParameter("is_updated", value)`
     *
     * is now `.orUpdate(["is_updated"])`
     *
     * `.orUpdate({ conflict_target: ['date'], overwrite: ['title'] })`
     *
     * is now `.orUpdate(['title'], ['date'])`
     *
     */
    orUpdate(statement?: {
        columns?: string[]
        overwrite?: string[]
        conflict_target?: string | string[]
    }): this

    orUpdate(
        overwrite: string[],
        conflictTarget?: string | string[],
        orUpdateOptions?: InsertOrUpdateOptions,
    ): this

    /**
     * Adds additional update statement supported in databases.
     */
    orUpdate(
        statementOrOverwrite?:
            | {
                  columns?: string[]
                  overwrite?: string[]
                  conflict_target?: string | string[]
              }
            | string[],
        conflictTarget?: string | string[],
        orUpdateOptions?: InsertOrUpdateOptions,
    ): this {
        if (!Array.isArray(statementOrOverwrite)) {
            this.expressionMap.onUpdate = {
                conflict: statementOrOverwrite?.conflict_target,
                columns: statementOrOverwrite?.columns,
                overwrite: statementOrOverwrite?.overwrite,
                skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged:
                    orUpdateOptions?.skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged,
                upsertType: orUpdateOptions?.upsertType,
            }
            return this
        }

        this.expressionMap.onUpdate = {
            overwrite: statementOrOverwrite,
            conflict: conflictTarget,
            skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged:
                orUpdateOptions?.skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged,
            indexPredicate: orUpdateOptions?.indexPredicate,
            upsertType: orUpdateOptions?.upsertType,
        }
        return this
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Protected Methods
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Creates INSERT express used to perform insert query.
     */
    protected createInsertExpression() {
        const tableName = this.getTableName(this.getMainTableName())
        const valuesExpression = this.createValuesExpression() // its important to get values before returning expression because oracle rely on native parameters and ordering of them is important
        const returningExpression =
            this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle" &&
            this.getValueSets().length > 1
                ? null
                : this.createReturningExpression("insert") // oracle doesnt support returning with multi-row insert
        const columnsExpression = this.createColumnNamesExpression()
        let query = "INSERT "

        if (this.expressionMap.onUpdate?.upsertType === "primary-key") {
            query = "UPSERT "
        }

        if (
            DriverUtils.isMySQLFamily(this.connection.driver) ||
            this.connection.driver.options.type === "aurora-mysql"
        ) {
            query += `${this.expressionMap.onIgnore ? " IGNORE " : ""}`
        }

        query += `INTO ${tableName}`

        if (
            this.alias !== this.getMainTableName() &&
            DriverUtils.isPostgresFamily(this.connection.driver)
        ) {
            query += ` AS "${this.alias}"`
        }

        // add columns expression
        if (columnsExpression) {
            query += `(${columnsExpression})`
        } else {
            if (
                !valuesExpression &&
                (DriverUtils.isMySQLFamily(this.connection.driver) ||
                    this.connection.driver.options.type === "aurora-mysql")
            )
                // special syntax for mysql DEFAULT VALUES insertion
                query += "()"
        }

        // add OUTPUT expression
        if (
            returningExpression &&
            this.connection.driver.options.type === "mssql"
        ) {
            query += ` OUTPUT ${returningExpression}`
        }

        // add VALUES expression
        if (valuesExpression) {
            if (
                (
                    this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle" ||
                    this.connection.driver.options.type === "sap"
                ) &&
                this.getValueSets().length > 1
            ) {
                query += ` ${valuesExpression}`
            } else {
                query += ` VALUES ${valuesExpression}`
            }
        } else {
            if (
                DriverUtils.isMySQLFamily(this.connection.driver) ||
                this.connection.driver.options.type === "aurora-mysql"
            ) {
                // special syntax for mysql DEFAULT VALUES insertion
                query += " VALUES ()"
            } else {
                query += ` DEFAULT VALUES`
            }
        }
        if (this.expressionMap.onUpdate?.upsertType !== "primary-key") {
            if (
                this.connection.driver.supportedUpsertTypes.includes(
                    "on-conflict-do-update",
                )
            ) {
                if (this.expressionMap.onIgnore) {
                    query += " ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING "
                } else if (this.expressionMap.onConflict) {
                    query += ` ON CONFLICT ${this.expressionMap.onConflict} `
                } else if (this.expressionMap.onUpdate) {
                    const {
                        overwrite,
                        columns,
                        conflict,
                        skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged,
                        indexPredicate,
                    } = this.expressionMap.onUpdate

                    let conflictTarget = "ON CONFLICT"

                    if (Array.isArray(conflict)) {
                        conflictTarget += ` ( ${conflict
                            .map((column) => this.escape(column))
                            .join(", ")} )`
                        if (
                            indexPredicate &&
                            !DriverUtils.isPostgresFamily(
                                this.connection.driver,
                            )
                        ) {
                            throw new TypeORMError(
                                `indexPredicate option is not supported by the current database driver`,
                            )
                        }
                        if (
                            indexPredicate &&
                            DriverUtils.isPostgresFamily(this.connection.driver)
                        ) {
                            conflictTarget += ` WHERE ( ${indexPredicate} )`
                        }
                    } else if (conflict) {
                        conflictTarget += ` ON CONSTRAINT ${this.escape(
                            conflict,
                        )}`
                    }

                    const updatePart: string[] = []

                    if (Array.isArray(overwrite)) {
                        updatePart.push(
                            ...overwrite.map(
                                (column) =>
                                    `${this.escape(
                                        column,
                                    )} = EXCLUDED.${this.escape(column)}`,
                            ),
                        )
                    } else if (columns) {
                        updatePart.push(
                            ...columns.map(
                                (column) =>
                                    `${this.escape(column)} = :${column}`,
                            ),
                        )
                    }

                    if (updatePart.length > 0) {
                        query += ` ${conflictTarget} DO UPDATE SET `

                        updatePart.push(
                            ...this.expressionMap
                                .mainAlias!.metadata.columns.filter(
                                    (column) =>
                                        column.isUpdateDate &&
                                        !overwrite?.includes(
                                            column.databaseName,
                                        ) &&
                                        !(
                                            (this.connection.driver.options
                                                .type === "oracle" &&
                                                this.getValueSets().length >
                                                    1) ||
                                            DriverUtils.isSQLiteFamily(
                                                this.connection.driver,
                                            ) ||
                                            this.connection.driver.options
                                                .type === "sap" ||
                                            this.connection.driver.options
                                                .type === "spanner"
                                        ),
                                )
                                .map(
                                    (column) =>
                                        `${this.escape(
                                            column.databaseName,
                                        )} = DEFAULT`,
                                ),
                        )

                        query += updatePart.join(", ")
                        query += " "
                    }

                    if (
                        Array.isArray(overwrite) &&
                        skipUpdateIfNoValuesChanged &&
                        DriverUtils.isPostgresFamily(this.connection.driver)
                    ) {
                        query += ` WHERE (`
                        query += overwrite
                            .map(
                                (column) =>
                                    `${tableName}.${this.escape(
                                        column,
                                    )} IS DISTINCT FROM EXCLUDED.${this.escape(
                                        column,
                                    )}`,
                            )
                            .join(" OR ")
                        query += ") "
                    }
                }
            } else if (
                this.connection.driver.supportedUpsertTypes.includes(
                    "on-duplicate-key-update",
                )
            ) {
                if (this.expressionMap.onUpdate) {
                    const { overwrite, columns } = this.expressionMap.onUpdate

                    if (Array.isArray(overwrite)) {
                        query += " ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE "
                        query += overwrite
                            .map(
                                (column) =>
                                    `${this.escape(
                                        column,
                                    )} = VALUES(${this.escape(column)})`,
                            )
                            .join(", ")
                        query += " "
                    } else if (Array.isArray(columns)) {
                        query += " ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE "
                        query += columns
                            .map(
                                (column) =>
                                    `${this.escape(column)} = :${column}`,
                            )
                            .join(", ")
                        query += " "
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (this.expressionMap.onUpdate) {
                    throw new TypeORMError(
                        `onUpdate is not supported by the current database driver`,
                    )
                }
            }
        }

        // add RETURNING expression
        if (
            returningExpression &&
            (DriverUtils.isPostgresFamily(this.connection.driver) ||
                this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle" ||
                this.connection.driver.options.type === "cockroachdb" ||
                DriverUtils.isMySQLFamily(this.connection.driver))
        ) {
            query += ` RETURNING ${returningExpression}`
        }

        // Inserting a specific value for an auto-increment primary key in mssql requires enabling IDENTITY_INSERT
        // IDENTITY_INSERT can only be enabled for tables where there is an IDENTITY column and only if there is a value to be inserted (i.e. supplying DEFAULT is prohibited if IDENTITY_INSERT is enabled)
        if (
            this.connection.driver.options.type === "mssql" &&
            this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata &&
            this.expressionMap
                .mainAlias!.metadata.columns.filter((column) =>
                    this.expressionMap.insertColumns.length > 0
                        ? this.expressionMap.insertColumns.indexOf(
                              column.propertyPath,
                          ) !== -1
                        : column.isInsert,
                )
                .some((column) =>
                    this.isOverridingAutoIncrementBehavior(column),
                )
        ) {
            query = `SET IDENTITY_INSERT ${tableName} ON; ${query}; SET IDENTITY_INSERT ${tableName} OFF`
        }

        return query
    }

    /**
     * Gets list of columns where values must be inserted to.
     */
    protected getInsertedColumns(): ColumnMetadata[] {
        if (!this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata) return []

        return this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.metadata.columns.filter(
            (column) => {
                // if user specified list of columns he wants to insert to, then we filter only them
                if (this.expressionMap.insertColumns.length)
                    return (
                        this.expressionMap.insertColumns.indexOf(
                            column.propertyPath,
                        ) !== -1
                    )

                // skip columns the user doesn't want included by default
                if (!column.isInsert) {
                    return false
                }

                // if user did not specified such list then return all columns except auto-increment one
                // for Oracle we return auto-increment column as well because Oracle does not support DEFAULT VALUES expression
                if (
                    column.isGenerated &&
                    column.generationStrategy === "increment" &&
                    !(this.connection.driver.options.type === "spanner") &&
                    !(this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle") &&
                    !DriverUtils.isSQLiteFamily(this.connection.driver) &&
                    !DriverUtils.isMySQLFamily(this.connection.driver) &&
                    !(this.connection.driver.options.type === "aurora-mysql") &&
                    !(
                        this.connection.driver.options.type === "mssql" &&
                        this.isOverridingAutoIncrementBehavior(column)
                    )
                )
                    return false

                return true
            },
        )
    }

    /**
     * Creates a columns string where values must be inserted to for INSERT INTO expression.
     */
    protected createColumnNamesExpression(): string {
        const columns = this.getInsertedColumns()
        if (columns.length > 0)
            return columns
                .map((column) => this.escape(column.databaseName))
                .join(", ")

        // in the case if there are no insert columns specified and table without metadata used
        // we get columns from the inserted value map, in the case if only one inserted map is specified
        if (
            !this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.hasMetadata &&
            !this.expressionMap.insertColumns.length
        ) {
            const valueSets = this.getValueSets()
            if (valueSets.length === 1)
                return Object.keys(valueSets[0])
                    .map((columnName) => this.escape(columnName))
                    .join(", ")
        }

        // get a table name and all column database names
        return this.expressionMap.insertColumns
            .map((columnName) => this.escape(columnName))
            .join(", ")
    }

    /**
     * Creates list of values needs to be inserted in the VALUES expression.
     */
    protected createValuesExpression(): string {
        const valueSets = this.getValueSets()
        const columns = this.getInsertedColumns()

        // if column metadatas are given then apply all necessary operations with values
        if (columns.length > 0) {
            let expression = ""
            valueSets.forEach((valueSet, valueSetIndex) => {
                columns.forEach((column, columnIndex) => {
                    if (columnIndex === 0) {
                        if (
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle" &&
                            valueSets.length > 1
                        ) {
                            expression += " SELECT "
                        } else if (
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "sap" &&
                            valueSets.length > 1
                        ) {
                            expression += " SELECT "
                        } else {
                            expression += "("
                        }
                    }

                    // extract real value from the entity
                    let value = column.getEntityValue(valueSet)

                    // if column is relational and value is an object then get real referenced column value from this object
                    // for example column value is { question: { id: 1 } }, value will be equal to { id: 1 }
                    // and we extract "1" from this object
                    /*if (column.referencedColumn && value instanceof Object && !(typeof value === "function")) { // todo: check if we still need it since getEntityValue already has similar code
                        value = column.referencedColumn.getEntityValue(value);
                    }*/

                    if (!(typeof value === "function")) {
                        // make sure our value is normalized by a driver
                        value = this.connection.driver.preparePersistentValue(
                            value,
                            column,
                        )
                    }

                    // newly inserted entities always have a version equal to 1 (first version)
                    // also, user-specified version must be empty
                    if (column.isVersion && value === undefined) {
                        expression += "1"

                        // } else if (column.isNestedSetLeft) {
                        //     const tableName = this.connection.driver.escape(column.entityMetadata.tablePath);
                        //     const rightColumnName = this.connection.driver.escape(column.entityMetadata.nestedSetRightColumn!.databaseName);
                        //     const subQuery = `(SELECT c.max + 1 FROM (SELECT MAX(${rightColumnName}) as max from ${tableName}) c)`;
                        //     expression += subQuery;
                        //
                        // } else if (column.isNestedSetRight) {
                        //     const tableName = this.connection.driver.escape(column.entityMetadata.tablePath);
                        //     const rightColumnName = this.connection.driver.escape(column.entityMetadata.nestedSetRightColumn!.databaseName);
                        //     const subQuery = `(SELECT c.max + 2 FROM (SELECT MAX(${rightColumnName}) as max from ${tableName}) c)`;
                        //     expression += subQuery;
                    } else if (column.isDiscriminator) {
                        expression += this.createParameter(
                            this.expressionMap.mainAlias!.metadata
                                .discriminatorValue,
                        )
                        // return "1";

                        // for create and update dates we insert current date
                        // no, we don't do it because this constant is already in "default" value of the column
                        // with extended timestamp functionality, like CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6) for example
                        // } else if (column.isCreateDate || column.isUpdateDate) {
                        //     return "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP";

                        // if column is generated uuid and database does not support its generation and custom generated value was not provided by a user - we generate a new uuid value for insertion
                    } else if (
                        column.isGenerated &&
                        column.generationStrategy === "uuid" &&
                        !this.connection.driver.isUUIDGenerationSupported() &&
                        value === undefined
                    ) {
                        value = uuidv4()
                        expression += this.createParameter(value)

                        if (
                            !(
                                valueSetIndex in
                                this.expressionMap.locallyGenerated
                            )
                        ) {
                            this.expressionMap.locallyGenerated[valueSetIndex] =
                                {}
                        }
                        column.setEntityValue(
                            this.expressionMap.locallyGenerated[valueSetIndex],
                            value,
                        )

                        // if value for this column was not provided then insert default value
                    } else if (value === undefined) {
                        if (
                            (this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle" &&
                                valueSets.length > 1) ||
                            DriverUtils.isSQLiteFamily(
                                this.connection.driver,
                            ) ||
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "sap" ||
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "spanner"
                        ) {
                            // unfortunately sqlite does not support DEFAULT expression in INSERT queries
                            if (
                                column.default !== undefined &&
                                column.default !== null
                            ) {
                                // try to use default defined in the column
                                expression +=
                                    this.connection.driver.normalizeDefault(
                                        column,
                                    )
                            } else {
                                expression += "NULL" // otherwise simply use NULL and pray if column is nullable
                            }
                        } else {
                            expression += "DEFAULT"
                        }
                    } else if (
                        value === null &&
                        this.connection.driver.options.type === "spanner"
                    ) {
                        expression += "NULL"

                        // support for SQL expressions in queries
                    } else if (typeof value === "function") {
                        expression += value()

                        // just any other regular value
                    } else {
                        if (this.connection.driver.options.type === "mssql")
                            value = (
                                this.connection.driver as SqlServerDriver
                            ).parametrizeValue(column, value)

                        // we need to store array values in a special class to make sure parameter replacement will work correctly
                        // if (value instanceof Array)
                        //     value = new ArrayParameter(value);

                        const paramName = this.createParameter(value)

                        if (
                            (DriverUtils.isMySQLFamily(
                                this.connection.driver,
                            ) ||
                                this.connection.driver.options.type ===
                                    "aurora-mysql") &&
                            this.connection.driver.spatialTypes.indexOf(
                                column.type,
                            ) !== -1
                        ) {
                            const useLegacy = (
                                this.connection.driver as
                                    | MysqlDriver
                                    | AuroraMysqlDriver
                            ).options.legacySpatialSupport
                            const geomFromText = useLegacy
                                ? "GeomFromText"
                                : "ST_GeomFromText"
                            if (column.srid != null) {
                                expression += `${geomFromText}(${paramName}, ${column.srid})`
                            } else {
                                expression += `${geomFromText}(${paramName})`
                            }
                        } else if (
                            DriverUtils.isPostgresFamily(
                                this.connection.driver,
                            ) &&
                            this.connection.driver.spatialTypes.indexOf(
                                column.type,
                            ) !== -1
                        ) {
                            if (column.srid != null) {
                                expression += `ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(${paramName}), ${column.srid})::${column.type}`
                            } else {
                                expression += `ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(${paramName})::${column.type}`
                            }
                        } else if (
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "mssql" &&
                            this.connection.driver.spatialTypes.indexOf(
                                column.type,
                            ) !== -1
                        ) {
                            expression +=
                                column.type +
                                "::STGeomFromText(" +
                                paramName +
                                ", " +
                                (column.srid || "0") +
                                ")"
                        } else {
                            expression += paramName
                        }
                    }

                    if (columnIndex === columns.length - 1) {
                        if (valueSetIndex === valueSets.length - 1) {
                            if (
                                this.connection.driver.options.type ===
                                    "oracle" &&
                                valueSets.length > 1
                            ) {
                                expression += " FROM DUAL "
                            } else if (
                                this.connection.driver.options.type === "sap" &&
                                valueSets.length > 1
                            ) {
                                expression += " FROM dummy "
                            } else {
                                expression += ")"
                            }
                        } else {
                            if (
                                this.connection.driver.options.type ===
                                    "oracle" &&
                                valueSets.length > 1
                            ) {
                                expression += " FROM DUAL UNION ALL "
                            } else if (
                                this.connection.driver.options.type === "sap" &&
                                valueSets.length > 1
                            ) {
                                expression += " FROM dummy UNION ALL "
                            } else {
                                expression += "), "
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        expression += ", "
                    }
                })
            })
            if (expression === "()") return ""

            return expression
        } else {
            // for tables without metadata
            // get values needs to be inserted
            let expression = ""

            valueSets.forEach((valueSet, insertionIndex) => {
                const columns = Object.keys(valueSet)
                columns.forEach((columnName, columnIndex) => {
                    if (columnIndex === 0) {
                        expression += "("
                    }

                    const value = valueSet[columnName]

                    // support for SQL expressions in queries
                    if (typeof value === "function") {
                        expression += value()

                        // if value for this column was not provided then insert default value
                    } else if (value === undefined) {
                        if (
                            (this.connection.driver.options.type === "oracle" &&
                                valueSets.length > 1) ||
                            DriverUtils.isSQLiteFamily(
                                this.connection.driver,
                            ) ||
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "sap" ||
                            this.connection.driver.options.type === "spanner"
                        ) {
                            expression += "NULL"
                        } else {
                            expression += "DEFAULT"
                        }
                    } else if (
                        value === null &&
                        this.connection.driver.options.type === "spanner"
                    ) {
                        // just any other regular value
                    } else {
                        expression += this.createParameter(value)
                    }

                    if (columnIndex === Object.keys(valueSet).length - 1) {
                        if (insertionIndex === valueSets.length - 1) {
                            expression += ")"
                        } else {
                            expression += "), "
                        }
                    } else {
                        expression += ", "
                    }
                })
            })
            if (expression === "()") return ""
            return expression
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets array of values need to be inserted into the target table.
     */
    protected getValueSets(): ObjectLiteral[] {
        if (Array.isArray(this.expressionMap.valuesSet))
            return this.expressionMap.valuesSet

        if (ObjectUtils.isObject(this.expressionMap.valuesSet))
            return [this.expressionMap.valuesSet]

        throw new InsertValuesMissingError()
    }

    /**
     * Checks if column is an auto-generated primary key, but the current insertion specifies a value for it.
     *
     * @param column
     */
    protected isOverridingAutoIncrementBehavior(
        column: ColumnMetadata,
    ): boolean {
        return (
            column.isPrimary &&
            column.isGenerated &&
            column.generationStrategy === "increment" &&
            this.getValueSets().some(
                (valueSet) =>
                    column.getEntityValue(valueSet) !== undefined &&
                    column.getEntityValue(valueSet) !== null,
            )
        )
    }
}