convert.ts

// There's lots of funny stuff due to the typing of ts.Node
/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-call, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-return, @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access */
import * as ts from 'typescript';
import { getDecorators, getModifiers } from './getModifiers';
import {
  canContainDirective,
  createError,
  findNextToken,
  getBinaryExpressionType,
  getDeclarationKind,
  getLastModifier,
  getLineAndCharacterFor,
  getLocFor,
  getRange,
  getTextForTokenKind,
  getTSNodeAccessibility,
  hasModifier,
  isChainExpression,
  isChildUnwrappableOptionalChain,
  isComma,
  isComputedProperty,
  isESTreeClassMember,
  isOptional,
  isThisInTypeQuery,
  TSError,
  unescapeStringLiteralText,
} from './node-utils';
import type {
  ParserWeakMap,
  ParserWeakMapESTreeToTSNode,
} from './parser-options';
import type { SemanticOrSyntacticError } from './semantic-or-syntactic-errors';
import {
  AST_NODE_TYPES,
  TSESTree,
  TSESTreeToTSNode,
  TSNode,
} from './ts-estree';
import { typescriptVersionIsAtLeast } from './version-check';

const SyntaxKind = ts.SyntaxKind;

interface ConverterOptions {
  errorOnUnknownASTType: boolean;
  shouldPreserveNodeMaps: boolean;
}

/**
 * Extends and formats a given error object
 * @param error the error object
 * @returns converted error object
 */
export function convertError(
  error: ts.DiagnosticWithLocation | SemanticOrSyntacticError,
): TSError {
  return createError(
    error.file!,
    error.start!,
    ('message' in error && error.message) || (error.messageText as string),
  );
}

export interface ASTMaps {
  esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap: ParserWeakMapESTreeToTSNode;
  tsNodeToESTreeNodeMap: ParserWeakMap<TSNode, TSESTree.Node>;
}

export class Converter {
  private readonly ast: ts.SourceFile;
  private readonly options: ConverterOptions;
  private readonly esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap = new WeakMap();
  private readonly tsNodeToESTreeNodeMap = new WeakMap();

  private allowPattern = false;
  private inTypeMode = false;

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node
   * @param ast the full TypeScript AST
   * @param options additional options for the conversion
   * @returns the converted ESTreeNode
   */
  constructor(ast: ts.SourceFile, options: ConverterOptions) {
    this.ast = ast;
    this.options = { ...options };
  }

  getASTMaps(): ASTMaps {
    return {
      esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap: this.esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap,
      tsNodeToESTreeNodeMap: this.tsNodeToESTreeNodeMap,
    };
  }

  convertProgram(): TSESTree.Program {
    return this.converter(this.ast) as TSESTree.Program;
  }

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node.
   * @param node the child ts.Node
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @param inTypeMode flag to determine if we are in typeMode
   * @param allowPattern flag to determine if patterns are allowed
   * @returns the converted ESTree node
   */
  private converter(
    node?: ts.Node,
    parent?: ts.Node,
    inTypeMode?: boolean,
    allowPattern?: boolean,
  ): any {
    /**
     * Exit early for null and undefined
     */
    if (!node) {
      return null;
    }

    const typeMode = this.inTypeMode;
    const pattern = this.allowPattern;
    if (inTypeMode !== undefined) {
      this.inTypeMode = inTypeMode;
    }
    if (allowPattern !== undefined) {
      this.allowPattern = allowPattern;
    }

    const result = this.convertNode(
      node as TSNode,
      (parent ?? node.parent) as TSNode,
    );

    this.registerTSNodeInNodeMap(node, result);

    this.inTypeMode = typeMode;
    this.allowPattern = pattern;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Fixes the exports of the given ts.Node
   * @param node the ts.Node
   * @param result result
   * @returns the ESTreeNode with fixed exports
   */
  private fixExports<
    T extends
      | TSESTree.DefaultExportDeclarations
      | TSESTree.NamedExportDeclarations,
  >(
    node:
      | ts.FunctionDeclaration
      | ts.VariableStatement
      | ts.ClassDeclaration
      | ts.ClassExpression
      | ts.TypeAliasDeclaration
      | ts.InterfaceDeclaration
      | ts.EnumDeclaration
      | ts.ModuleDeclaration,
    result: T,
  ): TSESTree.ExportDefaultDeclaration | TSESTree.ExportNamedDeclaration | T {
    // check for exports
    const modifiers = getModifiers(node);
    if (modifiers?.[0].kind === SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword) {
      /**
       * Make sure that original node is registered instead of export
       */
      this.registerTSNodeInNodeMap(node, result);

      const exportKeyword = modifiers[0];
      const nextModifier = modifiers[1];
      const declarationIsDefault =
        nextModifier && nextModifier.kind === SyntaxKind.DefaultKeyword;

      const varToken = declarationIsDefault
        ? findNextToken(nextModifier, this.ast, this.ast)
        : findNextToken(exportKeyword, this.ast, this.ast);

      result.range[0] = varToken!.getStart(this.ast);
      result.loc = getLocFor(result.range[0], result.range[1], this.ast);

      if (declarationIsDefault) {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportDefaultDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportDefaultDeclaration,
          declaration: result,
          range: [exportKeyword.getStart(this.ast), result.range[1]],
          exportKind: 'value',
        });
      } else {
        const isType =
          result.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.TSInterfaceDeclaration ||
          result.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeAliasDeclaration;
        const isDeclare = 'declare' in result && result.declare === true;
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportNamedDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportNamedDeclaration,
          // @ts-expect-error - TODO, narrow the types here
          declaration: result,
          specifiers: [],
          source: null,
          exportKind: isType || isDeclare ? 'type' : 'value',
          range: [exportKeyword.getStart(this.ast), result.range[1]],
          assertions: [],
        });
      }
    }

    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Register specific TypeScript node into map with first ESTree node provided
   */
  private registerTSNodeInNodeMap(
    node: ts.Node,
    result: TSESTree.Node | null,
  ): void {
    if (result && this.options.shouldPreserveNodeMaps) {
      if (!this.tsNodeToESTreeNodeMap.has(node)) {
        this.tsNodeToESTreeNodeMap.set(node, result);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node.
   * @param child the child ts.Node
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @returns the converted ESTree node
   */
  private convertPattern(child?: ts.Node, parent?: ts.Node): any | null {
    return this.converter(child, parent, this.inTypeMode, true);
  }

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node.
   * @param child the child ts.Node
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @returns the converted ESTree node
   */
  private convertChild(child?: ts.Node, parent?: ts.Node): any | null {
    return this.converter(child, parent, this.inTypeMode, false);
  }

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node.
   * @param child the child ts.Node
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @returns the converted ESTree node
   */
  private convertType(child?: ts.Node, parent?: ts.Node): any | null {
    return this.converter(child, parent, true, false);
  }

  private createNode<T extends TSESTree.Node = TSESTree.Node>(
    node: TSESTreeToTSNode<T>,
    data: TSESTree.OptionalRangeAndLoc<T>,
  ): T {
    const result = data;
    if (!result.range) {
      result.range = getRange(
        // this is completely valid, but TS hates it
        node as never,
        this.ast,
      );
    }
    if (!result.loc) {
      result.loc = getLocFor(result.range[0], result.range[1], this.ast);
    }

    if (result && this.options.shouldPreserveNodeMaps) {
      this.esTreeNodeToTSNodeMap.set(result, node);
    }
    return result as T;
  }

  private convertBindingNameWithTypeAnnotation(
    name: ts.BindingName,
    tsType: ts.TypeNode | undefined,
    parent?: ts.Node,
  ): TSESTree.BindingName {
    const id = this.convertPattern(name) as TSESTree.BindingName;

    if (tsType) {
      id.typeAnnotation = this.convertTypeAnnotation(tsType, parent);
      this.fixParentLocation(id, id.typeAnnotation.range);
    }

    return id;
  }

  /**
   * Converts a child into a type annotation. This creates an intermediary
   * TypeAnnotation node to match what Flow does.
   * @param child The TypeScript AST node to convert.
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @returns The type annotation node.
   */
  private convertTypeAnnotation(
    child: ts.TypeNode,
    parent: ts.Node | undefined,
  ): TSESTree.TSTypeAnnotation {
    // in FunctionType and ConstructorType typeAnnotation has 2 characters `=>` and in other places is just colon
    const offset =
      parent?.kind === SyntaxKind.FunctionType ||
      parent?.kind === SyntaxKind.ConstructorType
        ? 2
        : 1;
    const annotationStartCol = child.getFullStart() - offset;

    const loc = getLocFor(annotationStartCol, child.end, this.ast);
    return {
      type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeAnnotation,
      loc,
      range: [annotationStartCol, child.end],
      typeAnnotation: this.convertType(child),
    };
  }

  /**
   * Coverts body Nodes and add a directive field to StringLiterals
   * @param nodes of ts.Node
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @returns Array of body statements
   */
  private convertBodyExpressions(
    nodes: ts.NodeArray<ts.Statement>,
    parent:
      | ts.SourceFile
      | ts.Block
      | ts.ModuleBlock
      | ts.ClassStaticBlockDeclaration,
  ): TSESTree.Statement[] {
    let allowDirectives = canContainDirective(parent);

    return (
      nodes
        .map(statement => {
          const child = this.convertChild(statement);
          if (allowDirectives) {
            if (
              child?.expression &&
              ts.isExpressionStatement(statement) &&
              ts.isStringLiteral(statement.expression)
            ) {
              const raw = child.expression.raw;
              child.directive = raw.slice(1, -1);
              return child; // child can be null, but it's filtered below
            } else {
              allowDirectives = false;
            }
          }
          return child; // child can be null, but it's filtered below
        })
        // filter out unknown nodes for now
        .filter(statement => statement)
    );
  }

  /**
   * Converts a ts.Node's typeArguments to TSTypeParameterInstantiation node
   * @param typeArguments ts.NodeArray typeArguments
   * @param node parent used to create this node
   * @returns TypeParameterInstantiation node
   */
  private convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
    typeArguments: ts.NodeArray<ts.TypeNode>,
    node: TSESTreeToTSNode<TSESTree.TSTypeParameterInstantiation>,
  ): TSESTree.TSTypeParameterInstantiation {
    const greaterThanToken = findNextToken(typeArguments, this.ast, this.ast)!;

    return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeParameterInstantiation>(node, {
      type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeParameterInstantiation,
      range: [typeArguments.pos - 1, greaterThanToken.end],
      params: typeArguments.map(typeArgument => this.convertType(typeArgument)),
    });
  }

  /**
   * Converts a ts.Node's typeParameters to TSTypeParameterDeclaration node
   * @param typeParameters ts.Node typeParameters
   * @returns TypeParameterDeclaration node
   */
  private convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
    typeParameters: ts.NodeArray<ts.TypeParameterDeclaration>,
  ): TSESTree.TSTypeParameterDeclaration {
    const greaterThanToken = findNextToken(typeParameters, this.ast, this.ast)!;

    return {
      type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeParameterDeclaration,
      range: [typeParameters.pos - 1, greaterThanToken.end],
      loc: getLocFor(typeParameters.pos - 1, greaterThanToken.end, this.ast),
      params: typeParameters.map(typeParameter =>
        this.convertType(typeParameter),
      ),
    };
  }

  /**
   * Converts an array of ts.Node parameters into an array of ESTreeNode params
   * @param parameters An array of ts.Node params to be converted
   * @returns an array of converted ESTreeNode params
   */
  private convertParameters(
    parameters: ts.NodeArray<ts.ParameterDeclaration>,
  ): TSESTree.Parameter[] {
    if (!parameters?.length) {
      return [];
    }
    return parameters.map(param => {
      const convertedParam = this.convertChild(param) as TSESTree.Parameter;

      const decorators = getDecorators(param);
      if (decorators?.length) {
        convertedParam.decorators = decorators.map(el => this.convertChild(el));
      }
      return convertedParam;
    });
  }

  private convertChainExpression(
    node: TSESTree.ChainElement,
    tsNode:
      | ts.PropertyAccessExpression
      | ts.ElementAccessExpression
      | ts.CallExpression
      | ts.NonNullExpression,
  ): TSESTree.ChainExpression | TSESTree.ChainElement {
    const { child, isOptional } = ((): {
      child: TSESTree.Node;
      isOptional: boolean;
    } => {
      if (node.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.MemberExpression) {
        return { child: node.object, isOptional: node.optional };
      }
      if (node.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.CallExpression) {
        return { child: node.callee, isOptional: node.optional };
      }
      return { child: node.expression, isOptional: false };
    })();
    const isChildUnwrappable = isChildUnwrappableOptionalChain(tsNode, child);

    if (!isChildUnwrappable && !isOptional) {
      return node;
    }

    if (isChildUnwrappable && isChainExpression(child)) {
      // unwrap the chain expression child
      const newChild = child.expression;
      if (node.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.MemberExpression) {
        node.object = newChild;
      } else if (node.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.CallExpression) {
        node.callee = newChild;
      } else {
        node.expression = newChild;
      }
    }

    return this.createNode<TSESTree.ChainExpression>(tsNode, {
      type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ChainExpression,
      expression: node,
    });
  }

  /**
   * For nodes that are copied directly from the TypeScript AST into
   * ESTree mostly as-is. The only difference is the addition of a type
   * property instead of a kind property. Recursively copies all children.
   */
  private deeplyCopy(node: TSNode): any {
    if (node.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.JSDocFunctionType) {
      throw createError(
        this.ast,
        node.pos,
        'JSDoc types can only be used inside documentation comments.',
      );
    }

    const customType = `TS${SyntaxKind[node.kind]}` as AST_NODE_TYPES;

    /**
     * If the "errorOnUnknownASTType" option is set to true, throw an error,
     * otherwise fallback to just including the unknown type as-is.
     */
    if (this.options.errorOnUnknownASTType && !AST_NODE_TYPES[customType]) {
      throw new Error(`Unknown AST_NODE_TYPE: "${customType}"`);
    }

    const result = this.createNode<any>(node, {
      type: customType,
    });

    if ('type' in node) {
      result.typeAnnotation =
        node.type && 'kind' in node.type && ts.isTypeNode(node.type)
          ? this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node)
          : null;
    }
    if ('typeArguments' in node) {
      result.typeParameters =
        node.typeArguments && 'pos' in node.typeArguments
          ? this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(node.typeArguments, node)
          : null;
    }
    if ('typeParameters' in node) {
      result.typeParameters =
        node.typeParameters && 'pos' in node.typeParameters
          ? this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            )
          : null;
    }
    const decorators = getDecorators(node);
    if (decorators?.length) {
      result.decorators = decorators.map(el => this.convertChild(el));
    }

    // keys we never want to clone from the base typescript node as they
    // introduce garbage into our AST
    const KEYS_TO_NOT_COPY = new Set([
      '_children',
      'decorators',
      'end',
      'flags',
      'illegalDecorators',
      'heritageClauses',
      'locals',
      'localSymbol',
      'jsDoc',
      'kind',
      'modifierFlagsCache',
      'modifiers',
      'nextContainer',
      'parent',
      'pos',
      'symbol',
      'transformFlags',
      'type',
      'typeArguments',
      'typeParameters',
    ]);

    Object.entries<any>(node)
      .filter(([key]) => !KEYS_TO_NOT_COPY.has(key))
      .forEach(([key, value]) => {
        if (Array.isArray(value)) {
          result[key] = value.map(el => this.convertChild(el as TSNode));
        } else if (value && typeof value === 'object' && value.kind) {
          // need to check node[key].kind to ensure we don't try to convert a symbol
          result[key] = this.convertChild(value as TSNode);
        } else {
          result[key] = value;
        }
      });
    return result;
  }

  private convertJSXIdentifier(
    node: ts.Identifier | ts.ThisExpression,
  ): TSESTree.JSXIdentifier {
    const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXIdentifier>(node, {
      type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXIdentifier,
      name: node.getText(),
    });
    this.registerTSNodeInNodeMap(node, result);
    return result;
  }

  private convertJSXNamespaceOrIdentifier(
    node: ts.Identifier | ts.ThisExpression,
  ): TSESTree.JSXIdentifier | TSESTree.JSXNamespacedName {
    const text = node.getText();
    const colonIndex = text.indexOf(':');
    // this is intentional we can ignore conversion if `:` is in first character
    if (colonIndex > 0) {
      const range = getRange(node, this.ast);
      const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXNamespacedName>(node, {
        type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXNamespacedName,
        namespace: this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXIdentifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXIdentifier,
          name: text.slice(0, colonIndex),
          range: [range[0], range[0] + colonIndex],
        }),
        name: this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXIdentifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXIdentifier,
          name: text.slice(colonIndex + 1),
          range: [range[0] + colonIndex + 1, range[1]],
        }),
        range,
      });
      this.registerTSNodeInNodeMap(node, result);
      return result;
    }

    return this.convertJSXIdentifier(node);
  }

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript JSX node.tagName into an ESTree node.name
   * @param node the tagName object from a JSX ts.Node
   * @param parent
   * @returns the converted ESTree name object
   */
  private convertJSXTagName(
    node: ts.JsxTagNameExpression,
    parent: ts.Node,
  ): TSESTree.JSXTagNameExpression {
    let result: TSESTree.JSXTagNameExpression;
    switch (node.kind) {
      case SyntaxKind.PropertyAccessExpression:
        if (node.name.kind === SyntaxKind.PrivateIdentifier) {
          // This is one of the few times where TS explicitly errors, and doesn't even gracefully handle the syntax.
          // So we shouldn't ever get into this state to begin with.
          throw new Error('Non-private identifier expected.');
        }

        result = this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXMemberExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXMemberExpression,
          object: this.convertJSXTagName(node.expression, parent),
          property: this.convertJSXIdentifier(node.name),
        });
        break;

      case SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.Identifier:
      default:
        return this.convertJSXNamespaceOrIdentifier(node);
    }

    this.registerTSNodeInNodeMap(node, result);
    return result;
  }

  private convertMethodSignature(
    node:
      | ts.MethodSignature
      | ts.GetAccessorDeclaration
      | ts.SetAccessorDeclaration,
  ): TSESTree.TSMethodSignature {
    const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSMethodSignature>(node, {
      type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSMethodSignature,
      computed: isComputedProperty(node.name),
      key: this.convertChild(node.name),
      params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
      kind: ((): 'get' | 'set' | 'method' => {
        switch (node.kind) {
          case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor:
            return 'get';

          case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor:
            return 'set';

          case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature:
            return 'method';
        }
      })(),
    });

    if (isOptional(node)) {
      result.optional = true;
    }

    if (node.type) {
      result.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
    }

    if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword, node)) {
      result.readonly = true;
    }

    if (node.typeParameters) {
      result.typeParameters =
        this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
          node.typeParameters,
        );
    }

    const accessibility = getTSNodeAccessibility(node);
    if (accessibility) {
      result.accessibility = accessibility;
    }

    if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword, node)) {
      result.export = true;
    }

    if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node)) {
      result.static = true;
    }

    return result;
  }

  private convertAssertClasue(
    node: ts.AssertClause | undefined,
  ): TSESTree.ImportAttribute[] {
    return node === undefined
      ? []
      : node.elements.map(element => this.convertChild(element));
  }

  /**
   * Applies the given TS modifiers to the given result object.
   *
   * This method adds not standardized `modifiers` property in nodes
   *
   * @param result
   * @param modifiers original ts.Nodes from the node.modifiers array
   * @returns the current result object will be mutated
   */
  private applyModifiersToResult(
    result: TSESTree.TSEnumDeclaration | TSESTree.TSModuleDeclaration,
    modifiers: Iterable<ts.Modifier> | undefined,
  ): void {
    if (!modifiers) {
      return;
    }

    const remainingModifiers: TSESTree.Modifier[] = [];
    /**
     * Some modifiers are explicitly handled by applying them as
     * boolean values on the result node. As well as adding them
     * to the result, we remove them from the array, so that they
     * are not handled twice.
     */
    for (const modifier of modifiers) {
      switch (modifier.kind) {
        /**
         * Ignore ExportKeyword and DefaultKeyword, they are handled
         * via the fixExports utility function
         */
        case SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword:
        case SyntaxKind.DefaultKeyword:
          break;
        case SyntaxKind.ConstKeyword:
          (result as any).const = true;
          break;
        case SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword:
          result.declare = true;
          break;
        default:
          remainingModifiers.push(
            this.convertChild(modifier) as TSESTree.Modifier,
          );
          break;
      }
    }
    /**
     * If there are still valid modifiers available which have
     * not been explicitly handled above, we just convert and
     * add the modifiers array to the result node.
     */
    if (remainingModifiers.length > 0) {
      result.modifiers = remainingModifiers;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Uses the provided range location to adjust the location data of the given Node
   * @param result The node that will have its location data mutated
   * @param childRange The child node range used to expand location
   */
  private fixParentLocation(
    result: TSESTree.BaseNode,
    childRange: [number, number],
  ): void {
    if (childRange[0] < result.range[0]) {
      result.range[0] = childRange[0];
      result.loc.start = getLineAndCharacterFor(result.range[0], this.ast);
    }
    if (childRange[1] > result.range[1]) {
      result.range[1] = childRange[1];
      result.loc.end = getLineAndCharacterFor(result.range[1], this.ast);
    }
  }

  private assertModuleSpecifier(
    node: ts.ExportDeclaration | ts.ImportDeclaration,
    allowNull: boolean,
  ): void {
    if (!allowNull && node.moduleSpecifier == null) {
      throw createError(
        this.ast,
        node.pos,
        'Module specifier must be a string literal.',
      );
    }

    if (
      node.moduleSpecifier &&
      node.moduleSpecifier?.kind !== SyntaxKind.StringLiteral
    ) {
      throw createError(
        this.ast,
        node.moduleSpecifier.pos,
        'Module specifier must be a string literal.',
      );
    }
  }

  /**
   * Converts a TypeScript node into an ESTree node.
   * The core of the conversion logic:
   * Identify and convert each relevant TypeScript SyntaxKind
   * @param node the child ts.Node
   * @param parent parentNode
   * @returns the converted ESTree node
   */
  private convertNode(node: TSNode, parent: TSNode): TSESTree.Node | null {
    switch (node.kind) {
      case SyntaxKind.SourceFile: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.Program>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Program,
          body: this.convertBodyExpressions(node.statements, node),
          sourceType: node.externalModuleIndicator ? 'module' : 'script',
          range: [node.getStart(this.ast), node.endOfFileToken.end],
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.Block: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.BlockStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.BlockStatement,
          body: this.convertBodyExpressions(node.statements, node),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.Identifier: {
        if (isThisInTypeQuery(node)) {
          // special case for `typeof this.foo` - TS emits an Identifier for `this`
          // but we want to treat it as a ThisExpression for consistency
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ThisExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ThisExpression,
          });
        }
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.Identifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Identifier,
          name: node.text,
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.PrivateIdentifier: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.PrivateIdentifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.PrivateIdentifier,
          // typescript includes the `#` in the text
          name: node.text.slice(1),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.WithStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.WithStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.WithStatement,
          object: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
        });

      // Control Flow

      case SyntaxKind.ReturnStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ReturnStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ReturnStatement,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.LabeledStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.LabeledStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.LabeledStatement,
          label: this.convertChild(node.label),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ContinueStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ContinueStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ContinueStatement,
          label: this.convertChild(node.label),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.BreakStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.BreakStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.BreakStatement,
          label: this.convertChild(node.label),
        });

      // Choice

      case SyntaxKind.IfStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.IfStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.IfStatement,
          test: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          consequent: this.convertChild(node.thenStatement),
          alternate: this.convertChild(node.elseStatement),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.SwitchStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.SwitchStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.SwitchStatement,
          discriminant: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          cases: node.caseBlock.clauses.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.CaseClause:
      case SyntaxKind.DefaultClause:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.SwitchCase>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.SwitchCase,
          // expression is present in case only
          test:
            node.kind === SyntaxKind.CaseClause
              ? this.convertChild(node.expression)
              : null,
          consequent: node.statements.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });

      // Exceptions

      case SyntaxKind.ThrowStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ThrowStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ThrowStatement,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.TryStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TryStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TryStatement,
          block: this.convertChild(node.tryBlock),
          handler: this.convertChild(node.catchClause),
          finalizer: this.convertChild(node.finallyBlock),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.CatchClause:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.CatchClause>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.CatchClause,
          param: node.variableDeclaration
            ? this.convertBindingNameWithTypeAnnotation(
                node.variableDeclaration.name,
                node.variableDeclaration.type,
              )
            : null,
          body: this.convertChild(node.block),
        });

      // Loops

      case SyntaxKind.WhileStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.WhileStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.WhileStatement,
          test: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
        });

      /**
       * Unlike other parsers, TypeScript calls a "DoWhileStatement"
       * a "DoStatement"
       */
      case SyntaxKind.DoStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.DoWhileStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.DoWhileStatement,
          test: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ForStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ForStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ForStatement,
          init: this.convertChild(node.initializer),
          test: this.convertChild(node.condition),
          update: this.convertChild(node.incrementor),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ForInStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ForInStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ForInStatement,
          left: this.convertPattern(node.initializer),
          right: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ForOfStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ForOfStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ForOfStatement,
          left: this.convertPattern(node.initializer),
          right: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          body: this.convertChild(node.statement),
          await: Boolean(
            node.awaitModifier &&
              node.awaitModifier.kind === SyntaxKind.AwaitKeyword,
          ),
        });

      // Declarations

      case SyntaxKind.FunctionDeclaration: {
        const isDeclare = hasModifier(SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword, node);

        const result = this.createNode<
          TSESTree.TSDeclareFunction | TSESTree.FunctionDeclaration
        >(node, {
          type:
            isDeclare || !node.body
              ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSDeclareFunction
              : AST_NODE_TYPES.FunctionDeclaration,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
          generator: !!node.asteriskToken,
          expression: false,
          async: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword, node),
          params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
          body: this.convertChild(node.body) || undefined,
        });

        // Process returnType
        if (node.type) {
          result.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        // Process typeParameters
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }

        if (isDeclare) {
          result.declare = true;
        }

        // check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.VariableDeclaration: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.VariableDeclarator>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.VariableDeclarator,
          id: this.convertBindingNameWithTypeAnnotation(
            node.name,
            node.type,
            node,
          ),
          init: this.convertChild(node.initializer),
        });

        if (node.exclamationToken) {
          result.definite = true;
        }

        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.VariableStatement: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.VariableDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.VariableDeclaration,
          declarations: node.declarationList.declarations.map(el =>
            this.convertChild(el),
          ),
          kind: getDeclarationKind(node.declarationList),
        });

        /**
         * Semantically, decorators are not allowed on variable declarations,
         * Pre 4.8 TS would include them in the AST, so we did as well.
         * However as of 4.8 TS no longer includes it (as it is, well, invalid).
         *
         * So for consistency across versions, we no longer include it either.
         */

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword, node)) {
          result.declare = true;
        }

        // check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      // mostly for for-of, for-in
      case SyntaxKind.VariableDeclarationList:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.VariableDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.VariableDeclaration,
          declarations: node.declarations.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
          kind: getDeclarationKind(node),
        });

      // Expressions

      case SyntaxKind.ExpressionStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExpressionStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExpressionStatement,
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ThisKeyword:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ThisExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ThisExpression,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ArrayLiteralExpression: {
        // TypeScript uses ArrayLiteralExpression in destructuring assignment, too
        if (this.allowPattern) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ArrayPattern>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ArrayPattern,
            elements: node.elements.map(el => this.convertPattern(el)),
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ArrayExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ArrayExpression,
            elements: node.elements.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ObjectLiteralExpression: {
        // TypeScript uses ObjectLiteralExpression in destructuring assignment, too
        if (this.allowPattern) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ObjectPattern>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ObjectPattern,
            properties: node.properties.map(el => this.convertPattern(el)),
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ObjectExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ObjectExpression,
            properties: node.properties.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.PropertyAssignment:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.Property>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Property,
          key: this.convertChild(node.name),
          value: this.converter(
            node.initializer,
            node,
            this.inTypeMode,
            this.allowPattern,
          ),
          computed: isComputedProperty(node.name),
          method: false,
          shorthand: false,
          kind: 'init',
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ShorthandPropertyAssignment: {
        if (node.objectAssignmentInitializer) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.Property>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Property,
            key: this.convertChild(node.name),
            value: this.createNode<TSESTree.AssignmentPattern>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentPattern,
              left: this.convertPattern(node.name),
              right: this.convertChild(node.objectAssignmentInitializer),
            }),
            computed: false,
            method: false,
            shorthand: true,
            kind: 'init',
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.Property>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Property,
            key: this.convertChild(node.name),
            value: this.convertChild(node.name),
            computed: false,
            method: false,
            shorthand: true,
            kind: 'init',
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName:
        return this.convertChild(node.expression);

      case SyntaxKind.PropertyDeclaration: {
        const isAbstract = hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword, node);
        const result = this.createNode<
          TSESTree.TSAbstractPropertyDefinition | TSESTree.PropertyDefinition
        >(node, {
          type: isAbstract
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSAbstractPropertyDefinition
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.PropertyDefinition,
          key: this.convertChild(node.name),
          value: isAbstract ? null : this.convertChild(node.initializer),
          computed: isComputedProperty(node.name),
          static: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node),
          readonly: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword, node) || undefined,
          declare: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword, node),
          override: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.OverrideKeyword, node),
        });

        if (node.type) {
          result.typeAnnotation = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        const decorators = getDecorators(node);
        if (decorators) {
          result.decorators = decorators.map(el => this.convertChild(el));
        }

        const accessibility = getTSNodeAccessibility(node);
        if (accessibility) {
          result.accessibility = accessibility;
        }

        if (
          (node.name.kind === SyntaxKind.Identifier ||
            node.name.kind === SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName ||
            node.name.kind === SyntaxKind.PrivateIdentifier) &&
          node.questionToken
        ) {
          result.optional = true;
        }

        if (node.exclamationToken) {
          result.definite = true;
        }

        if (result.key.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal && node.questionToken) {
          result.optional = true;
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.GetAccessor:
      case SyntaxKind.SetAccessor: {
        if (
          node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration ||
          node.parent.kind === SyntaxKind.TypeLiteral
        ) {
          return this.convertMethodSignature(node);
        }
      }
      // otherwise, it is a non-type accessor - intentional fallthrough
      case SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration: {
        const method = this.createNode<
          TSESTree.TSEmptyBodyFunctionExpression | TSESTree.FunctionExpression
        >(node, {
          type: !node.body
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSEmptyBodyFunctionExpression
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.FunctionExpression,
          id: null,
          generator: !!node.asteriskToken,
          expression: false, // ESTreeNode as ESTreeNode here
          async: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword, node),
          body: this.convertChild(node.body),
          range: [node.parameters.pos - 1, node.end],
          params: [],
        });

        if (node.type) {
          method.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        // Process typeParameters
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          method.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
          this.fixParentLocation(method, method.typeParameters.range);
        }

        let result:
          | TSESTree.Property
          | TSESTree.TSAbstractMethodDefinition
          | TSESTree.MethodDefinition;

        if (parent.kind === SyntaxKind.ObjectLiteralExpression) {
          method.params = node.parameters.map(el => this.convertChild(el));

          result = this.createNode<TSESTree.Property>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Property,
            key: this.convertChild(node.name),
            value: method,
            computed: isComputedProperty(node.name),
            method: node.kind === SyntaxKind.MethodDeclaration,
            shorthand: false,
            kind: 'init',
          });
        } else {
          // class

          /**
           * Unlike in object literal methods, class method params can have decorators
           */
          method.params = this.convertParameters(node.parameters);

          /**
           * TypeScript class methods can be defined as "abstract"
           */
          const methodDefinitionType = hasModifier(
            SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword,
            node,
          )
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSAbstractMethodDefinition
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.MethodDefinition;

          result = this.createNode<
            TSESTree.TSAbstractMethodDefinition | TSESTree.MethodDefinition
          >(node, {
            type: methodDefinitionType,
            key: this.convertChild(node.name),
            value: method,
            computed: isComputedProperty(node.name),
            static: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node),
            kind: 'method',
            override: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.OverrideKeyword, node),
          });

          const decorators = getDecorators(node);
          if (decorators) {
            result.decorators = decorators.map(el => this.convertChild(el));
          }

          const accessibility = getTSNodeAccessibility(node);
          if (accessibility) {
            result.accessibility = accessibility;
          }
        }

        if (node.questionToken) {
          result.optional = true;
        }

        if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.GetAccessor) {
          result.kind = 'get';
        } else if (node.kind === SyntaxKind.SetAccessor) {
          result.kind = 'set';
        } else if (
          !(result as TSESTree.MethodDefinition).static &&
          node.name.kind === SyntaxKind.StringLiteral &&
          node.name.text === 'constructor' &&
          result.type !== AST_NODE_TYPES.Property
        ) {
          result.kind = 'constructor';
        }
        return result;
      }

      // TypeScript uses this even for static methods named "constructor"
      case SyntaxKind.Constructor: {
        const lastModifier = getLastModifier(node);
        const constructorToken =
          (lastModifier && findNextToken(lastModifier, node, this.ast)) ||
          node.getFirstToken()!;

        const constructor = this.createNode<
          TSESTree.TSEmptyBodyFunctionExpression | TSESTree.FunctionExpression
        >(node, {
          type: !node.body
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSEmptyBodyFunctionExpression
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.FunctionExpression,
          id: null,
          params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
          generator: false,
          expression: false, // is not present in ESTreeNode
          async: false,
          body: this.convertChild(node.body),
          range: [node.parameters.pos - 1, node.end],
        });

        // Process typeParameters
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          constructor.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
          this.fixParentLocation(constructor, constructor.typeParameters.range);
        }

        // Process returnType
        if (node.type) {
          constructor.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        const constructorKey = this.createNode<TSESTree.Identifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Identifier,
          name: 'constructor',
          range: [constructorToken.getStart(this.ast), constructorToken.end],
        });

        const isStatic = hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node);
        const result = this.createNode<
          TSESTree.TSAbstractMethodDefinition | TSESTree.MethodDefinition
        >(node, {
          type: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword, node)
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSAbstractMethodDefinition
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.MethodDefinition,
          key: constructorKey,
          value: constructor,
          computed: false,
          static: isStatic,
          kind: isStatic ? 'method' : 'constructor',
          override: false,
        });

        const accessibility = getTSNodeAccessibility(node);
        if (accessibility) {
          result.accessibility = accessibility;
        }

        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.FunctionExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.FunctionExpression,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
          generator: !!node.asteriskToken,
          params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
          body: this.convertChild(node.body),
          async: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword, node),
          expression: false,
        });

        // Process returnType
        if (node.type) {
          result.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        // Process typeParameters
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.SuperKeyword:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.Super>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Super,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ArrayBindingPattern:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ArrayPattern>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ArrayPattern,
          elements: node.elements.map(el => this.convertPattern(el)),
        });

      // occurs with missing array elements like [,]
      case SyntaxKind.OmittedExpression:
        return null;

      case SyntaxKind.ObjectBindingPattern:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ObjectPattern>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ObjectPattern,
          properties: node.elements.map(el => this.convertPattern(el)),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.BindingElement: {
        if (parent.kind === SyntaxKind.ArrayBindingPattern) {
          const arrayItem = this.convertChild(node.name, parent);

          if (node.initializer) {
            return this.createNode<TSESTree.AssignmentPattern>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentPattern,
              left: arrayItem,
              right: this.convertChild(node.initializer),
            });
          } else if (node.dotDotDotToken) {
            return this.createNode<TSESTree.RestElement>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.RestElement,
              argument: arrayItem,
            });
          } else {
            return arrayItem;
          }
        } else {
          let result: TSESTree.RestElement | TSESTree.Property;
          if (node.dotDotDotToken) {
            result = this.createNode<TSESTree.RestElement>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.RestElement,
              argument: this.convertChild(node.propertyName ?? node.name),
            });
          } else {
            result = this.createNode<TSESTree.Property>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Property,
              key: this.convertChild(node.propertyName ?? node.name),
              value: this.convertChild(node.name),
              computed: Boolean(
                node.propertyName &&
                  node.propertyName.kind === SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName,
              ),
              method: false,
              shorthand: !node.propertyName,
              kind: 'init',
            });
          }

          if (node.initializer) {
            result.value = this.createNode<TSESTree.AssignmentPattern>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentPattern,
              left: this.convertChild(node.name),
              right: this.convertChild(node.initializer),
              range: [node.name.getStart(this.ast), node.initializer.end],
            });
          }
          return result;
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ArrowFunction: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.ArrowFunctionExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ArrowFunctionExpression,
          generator: false,
          id: null,
          params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
          body: this.convertChild(node.body),
          async: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword, node),
          expression: node.body.kind !== SyntaxKind.Block,
        });

        // Process returnType
        if (node.type) {
          result.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        // Process typeParameters
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.YieldExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.YieldExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.YieldExpression,
          delegate: !!node.asteriskToken,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.AwaitExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.AwaitExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.AwaitExpression,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      // Template Literals

      case SyntaxKind.NoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TemplateLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TemplateLiteral,
          quasis: [
            this.createNode<TSESTree.TemplateElement>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TemplateElement,
              value: {
                raw: this.ast.text.slice(
                  node.getStart(this.ast) + 1,
                  node.end - 1,
                ),
                cooked: node.text,
              },
              tail: true,
            }),
          ],
          expressions: [],
        });

      case SyntaxKind.TemplateExpression: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TemplateLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TemplateLiteral,
          quasis: [this.convertChild(node.head)],
          expressions: [],
        });

        node.templateSpans.forEach(templateSpan => {
          result.expressions.push(
            this.convertChild(templateSpan.expression) as TSESTree.Expression,
          );
          result.quasis.push(
            this.convertChild(templateSpan.literal) as TSESTree.TemplateElement,
          );
        });
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.TaggedTemplateExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TaggedTemplateExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TaggedTemplateExpression,
          typeParameters: node.typeArguments
            ? this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
                node.typeArguments,
                node,
              )
            : undefined,
          tag: this.convertChild(node.tag),
          quasi: this.convertChild(node.template),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.TemplateHead:
      case SyntaxKind.TemplateMiddle:
      case SyntaxKind.TemplateTail: {
        const tail = node.kind === SyntaxKind.TemplateTail;
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TemplateElement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TemplateElement,
          value: {
            raw: this.ast.text.slice(
              node.getStart(this.ast) + 1,
              node.end - (tail ? 1 : 2),
            ),
            cooked: node.text,
          },
          tail,
        });
      }

      // Patterns

      case SyntaxKind.SpreadAssignment:
      case SyntaxKind.SpreadElement: {
        if (this.allowPattern) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.RestElement>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.RestElement,
            argument: this.convertPattern(node.expression),
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.SpreadElement>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.SpreadElement,
            argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.Parameter: {
        let parameter: TSESTree.RestElement | TSESTree.BindingName;
        let result: TSESTree.RestElement | TSESTree.AssignmentPattern;

        if (node.dotDotDotToken) {
          parameter = result = this.createNode<TSESTree.RestElement>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.RestElement,
            argument: this.convertChild(node.name),
          });
        } else if (node.initializer) {
          parameter = this.convertChild(node.name) as TSESTree.BindingName;
          result = this.createNode<TSESTree.AssignmentPattern>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentPattern,
            left: parameter,
            right: this.convertChild(node.initializer),
          });

          const modifiers = getModifiers(node);
          if (modifiers) {
            // AssignmentPattern should not contain modifiers in range
            result.range[0] = parameter.range[0];
            result.loc = getLocFor(result.range[0], result.range[1], this.ast);
          }
        } else {
          parameter = result = this.convertChild(node.name, parent);
        }

        if (node.type) {
          parameter.typeAnnotation = this.convertTypeAnnotation(
            node.type,
            node,
          );
          this.fixParentLocation(parameter, parameter.typeAnnotation.range);
        }

        if (node.questionToken) {
          if (node.questionToken.end > parameter.range[1]) {
            parameter.range[1] = node.questionToken.end;
            parameter.loc.end = getLineAndCharacterFor(
              parameter.range[1],
              this.ast,
            );
          }
          parameter.optional = true;
        }

        const modifiers = getModifiers(node);
        if (modifiers) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSParameterProperty>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSParameterProperty,
            accessibility: getTSNodeAccessibility(node) ?? undefined,
            readonly:
              hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword, node) || undefined,
            static: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node) || undefined,
            export: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword, node) || undefined,
            override:
              hasModifier(SyntaxKind.OverrideKeyword, node) || undefined,
            parameter: result,
          });
        }
        return result;
      }

      // Classes

      case SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration:
      case SyntaxKind.ClassExpression: {
        const heritageClauses = node.heritageClauses ?? [];
        const classNodeType =
          node.kind === SyntaxKind.ClassDeclaration
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.ClassDeclaration
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.ClassExpression;

        const superClass = heritageClauses.find(
          clause => clause.token === SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword,
        );

        const implementsClause = heritageClauses.find(
          clause => clause.token === SyntaxKind.ImplementsKeyword,
        );

        const result = this.createNode<
          TSESTree.ClassDeclaration | TSESTree.ClassExpression
        >(node, {
          type: classNodeType,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
          body: this.createNode<TSESTree.ClassBody>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ClassBody,
            body: [],
            range: [node.members.pos - 1, node.end],
          }),
          superClass: superClass?.types[0]
            ? this.convertChild(superClass.types[0].expression)
            : null,
        });

        if (superClass) {
          if (superClass.types.length > 1) {
            throw createError(
              this.ast,
              superClass.types[1].pos,
              'Classes can only extend a single class.',
            );
          }

          if (superClass.types[0]?.typeArguments) {
            result.superTypeParameters =
              this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
                superClass.types[0].typeArguments,
                superClass.types[0],
              );
          }
        }

        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }

        if (implementsClause) {
          result.implements = implementsClause.types.map(el =>
            this.convertChild(el),
          );
        }

        /**
         * TypeScript class declarations can be defined as "abstract"
         */
        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword, node)) {
          result.abstract = true;
        }

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword, node)) {
          result.declare = true;
        }

        const decorators = getDecorators(node);
        if (decorators) {
          result.decorators = decorators.map(el => this.convertChild(el));
        }

        const filteredMembers = node.members.filter(isESTreeClassMember);

        if (filteredMembers.length) {
          result.body.body = filteredMembers.map(el => this.convertChild(el));
        }

        // check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      // Modules
      case SyntaxKind.ModuleBlock:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSModuleBlock>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSModuleBlock,
          body: this.convertBodyExpressions(node.statements, node),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ImportDeclaration: {
        this.assertModuleSpecifier(node, false);

        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportDeclaration,
          source: this.convertChild(node.moduleSpecifier),
          specifiers: [],
          importKind: 'value',
          assertions: this.convertAssertClasue(node.assertClause),
        });

        if (node.importClause) {
          if (node.importClause.isTypeOnly) {
            result.importKind = 'type';
          }

          if (node.importClause.name) {
            result.specifiers.push(
              this.convertChild(node.importClause) as TSESTree.ImportClause,
            );
          }

          if (node.importClause.namedBindings) {
            switch (node.importClause.namedBindings.kind) {
              case SyntaxKind.NamespaceImport:
                result.specifiers.push(
                  this.convertChild(
                    node.importClause.namedBindings,
                  ) as TSESTree.ImportClause,
                );
                break;
              case SyntaxKind.NamedImports:
                result.specifiers = result.specifiers.concat(
                  node.importClause.namedBindings.elements.map(el =>
                    this.convertChild(el),
                  ),
                );
                break;
            }
          }
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.NamespaceImport:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportNamespaceSpecifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportNamespaceSpecifier,
          local: this.convertChild(node.name),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ImportSpecifier:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportSpecifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportSpecifier,
          local: this.convertChild(node.name),
          imported: this.convertChild(node.propertyName ?? node.name),
          importKind: node.isTypeOnly ? 'type' : 'value',
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ImportClause: {
        const local = this.convertChild(node.name);
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportDefaultSpecifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportDefaultSpecifier,
          local,
          range: local.range,
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ExportDeclaration: {
        if (node.exportClause?.kind === SyntaxKind.NamedExports) {
          this.assertModuleSpecifier(node, true);
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportNamedDeclaration>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportNamedDeclaration,
            source: this.convertChild(node.moduleSpecifier),
            specifiers: node.exportClause.elements.map(el =>
              this.convertChild(el),
            ),
            exportKind: node.isTypeOnly ? 'type' : 'value',
            declaration: null,
            assertions: this.convertAssertClasue(node.assertClause),
          });
        } else {
          this.assertModuleSpecifier(node, false);
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportAllDeclaration>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportAllDeclaration,
            source: this.convertChild(node.moduleSpecifier),
            exportKind: node.isTypeOnly ? 'type' : 'value',
            exported:
              // note - for compat with 3.7.x, where node.exportClause is always undefined and
              //        SyntaxKind.NamespaceExport does not exist yet (i.e. is undefined), this
              //        cannot be shortened to an optional chain, or else you end up with
              //        undefined === undefined, and the true path will hard error at runtime
              node.exportClause &&
              node.exportClause.kind === SyntaxKind.NamespaceExport
                ? this.convertChild(node.exportClause.name)
                : null,
            assertions: this.convertAssertClasue(node.assertClause),
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ExportSpecifier:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportSpecifier>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportSpecifier,
          local: this.convertChild(node.propertyName ?? node.name),
          exported: this.convertChild(node.name),
          exportKind: node.isTypeOnly ? 'type' : 'value',
        });

      case SyntaxKind.ExportAssignment:
        if (node.isExportEquals) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSExportAssignment>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSExportAssignment,
            expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ExportDefaultDeclaration>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ExportDefaultDeclaration,
            declaration: this.convertChild(node.expression),
            exportKind: 'value',
          });
        }

      // Unary Operations

      case SyntaxKind.PrefixUnaryExpression:
      case SyntaxKind.PostfixUnaryExpression: {
        const operator = getTextForTokenKind(node.operator);
        /**
         * ESTree uses UpdateExpression for ++/--
         */
        if (operator === '++' || operator === '--') {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.UpdateExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.UpdateExpression,
            operator,
            prefix: node.kind === SyntaxKind.PrefixUnaryExpression,
            argument: this.convertChild(node.operand),
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.UnaryExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.UnaryExpression,
            operator,
            prefix: node.kind === SyntaxKind.PrefixUnaryExpression,
            argument: this.convertChild(node.operand),
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.DeleteExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.UnaryExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.UnaryExpression,
          operator: 'delete',
          prefix: true,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.VoidExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.UnaryExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.UnaryExpression,
          operator: 'void',
          prefix: true,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.TypeOfExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.UnaryExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.UnaryExpression,
          operator: 'typeof',
          prefix: true,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.TypeOperator:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeOperator>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeOperator,
          operator: getTextForTokenKind(node.operator),
          typeAnnotation: this.convertChild(node.type),
        });

      // Binary Operations

      case SyntaxKind.BinaryExpression: {
        // TypeScript uses BinaryExpression for sequences as well
        if (isComma(node.operatorToken)) {
          const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.SequenceExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.SequenceExpression,
            expressions: [],
          });

          const left = this.convertChild(node.left) as TSESTree.Expression;
          if (
            left.type === AST_NODE_TYPES.SequenceExpression &&
            node.left.kind !== SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedExpression
          ) {
            result.expressions = result.expressions.concat(left.expressions);
          } else {
            result.expressions.push(left);
          }

          result.expressions.push(
            this.convertChild(node.right) as TSESTree.Expression,
          );
          return result;
        } else {
          const type = getBinaryExpressionType(node.operatorToken);
          if (
            this.allowPattern &&
            type === AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentExpression
          ) {
            return this.createNode<TSESTree.AssignmentPattern>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentPattern,
              left: this.convertPattern(node.left, node),
              right: this.convertChild(node.right),
            });
          }
          return this.createNode<
            | TSESTree.AssignmentExpression
            | TSESTree.LogicalExpression
            | TSESTree.BinaryExpression
          >(node, {
            type,
            operator: getTextForTokenKind(node.operatorToken.kind),
            left: this.converter(
              node.left,
              node,
              this.inTypeMode,
              type === AST_NODE_TYPES.AssignmentExpression,
            ),
            right: this.convertChild(node.right),
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.PropertyAccessExpression: {
        const object = this.convertChild(node.expression);
        const property = this.convertChild(node.name);
        const computed = false;

        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.MemberExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.MemberExpression,
          object,
          property,
          computed,
          optional: node.questionDotToken !== undefined,
        });

        return this.convertChainExpression(result, node);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ElementAccessExpression: {
        const object = this.convertChild(node.expression);
        const property = this.convertChild(node.argumentExpression);
        const computed = true;

        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.MemberExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.MemberExpression,
          object,
          property,
          computed,
          optional: node.questionDotToken !== undefined,
        });

        return this.convertChainExpression(result, node);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.CallExpression: {
        if (node.expression.kind === SyntaxKind.ImportKeyword) {
          if (node.arguments.length !== 1 && node.arguments.length !== 2) {
            throw createError(
              this.ast,
              node.arguments.pos,
              'Dynamic import requires exactly one or two arguments.',
            );
          }
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportExpression>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportExpression,
            source: this.convertChild(node.arguments[0]),
            attributes: node.arguments[1]
              ? this.convertChild(node.arguments[1])
              : null,
          });
        }

        const callee = this.convertChild(node.expression);
        const args = node.arguments.map(el => this.convertChild(el));

        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.CallExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.CallExpression,
          callee,
          arguments: args,
          optional: node.questionDotToken !== undefined,
        });

        if (node.typeArguments) {
          result.typeParameters = this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
            node.typeArguments,
            node,
          );
        }

        return this.convertChainExpression(result, node);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.NewExpression: {
        // NOTE - NewExpression cannot have an optional chain in it
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.NewExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.NewExpression,
          callee: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          arguments: node.arguments
            ? node.arguments.map(el => this.convertChild(el))
            : [],
        });
        if (node.typeArguments) {
          result.typeParameters = this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
            node.typeArguments,
            node,
          );
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ConditionalExpression:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ConditionalExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ConditionalExpression,
          test: this.convertChild(node.condition),
          consequent: this.convertChild(node.whenTrue),
          alternate: this.convertChild(node.whenFalse),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.MetaProperty: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.MetaProperty>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.MetaProperty,
          meta: this.createNode<TSESTree.Identifier>(
            // TODO: do we really want to convert it to Token?
            node.getFirstToken()! as ts.Token<typeof node.keywordToken>,
            {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Identifier,
              name: getTextForTokenKind(node.keywordToken),
            },
          ),
          property: this.convertChild(node.name),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.Decorator: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.Decorator>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Decorator,
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });
      }

      // Literals

      case SyntaxKind.StringLiteral: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.StringLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          value:
            parent.kind === SyntaxKind.JsxAttribute
              ? unescapeStringLiteralText(node.text)
              : node.text,
          raw: node.getText(),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.NumericLiteral: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.NumberLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          value: Number(node.text),
          raw: node.getText(),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.BigIntLiteral: {
        const range = getRange(node, this.ast);
        const rawValue = this.ast.text.slice(range[0], range[1]);
        const bigint = rawValue
          // remove suffix `n`
          .slice(0, -1)
          // `BigInt` doesn't accept numeric separator
          // and `bigint` property should not include numeric separator
          .replace(/_/g, '');
        const value = typeof BigInt !== 'undefined' ? BigInt(bigint) : null;
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.BigIntLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          raw: rawValue,
          value: value,
          bigint: value === null ? bigint : String(value),
          range,
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.RegularExpressionLiteral: {
        const pattern = node.text.slice(1, node.text.lastIndexOf('/'));
        const flags = node.text.slice(node.text.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);

        let regex = null;
        try {
          regex = new RegExp(pattern, flags);
        } catch (exception: unknown) {
          regex = null;
        }

        return this.createNode<TSESTree.RegExpLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          value: regex,
          raw: node.text,
          regex: {
            pattern,
            flags,
          },
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.TrueKeyword:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.BooleanLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          value: true,
          raw: 'true',
        });

      case SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.BooleanLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          value: false,
          raw: 'false',
        });

      case SyntaxKind.NullKeyword: {
        if (!typescriptVersionIsAtLeast['4.0'] && this.inTypeMode) {
          // 4.0 started nesting null types inside a LiteralType node, but we still need to support pre-4.0
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSNullKeyword>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSNullKeyword,
          });
        }

        return this.createNode<TSESTree.NullLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.Literal,
          value: null,
          raw: 'null',
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.EmptyStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.EmptyStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.EmptyStatement,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.DebuggerStatement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.DebuggerStatement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.DebuggerStatement,
        });

      // JSX

      case SyntaxKind.JsxElement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXElement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXElement,
          openingElement: this.convertChild(node.openingElement),
          closingElement: this.convertChild(node.closingElement),
          children: node.children.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.JsxFragment:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXFragment>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXFragment,
          openingFragment: this.convertChild(node.openingFragment),
          closingFragment: this.convertChild(node.closingFragment),
          children: node.children.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.JsxSelfClosingElement: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXElement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXElement,
          /**
           * Convert SyntaxKind.JsxSelfClosingElement to SyntaxKind.JsxOpeningElement,
           * TypeScript does not seem to have the idea of openingElement when tag is self-closing
           */
          openingElement: this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXOpeningElement>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXOpeningElement,
            typeParameters: node.typeArguments
              ? this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
                  node.typeArguments,
                  node,
                )
              : undefined,
            selfClosing: true,
            name: this.convertJSXTagName(node.tagName, node),
            attributes: node.attributes.properties.map(el =>
              this.convertChild(el),
            ),
            range: getRange(node, this.ast),
          }),
          closingElement: null,
          children: [],
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.JsxOpeningElement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXOpeningElement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXOpeningElement,
          typeParameters: node.typeArguments
            ? this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
                node.typeArguments,
                node,
              )
            : undefined,
          selfClosing: false,
          name: this.convertJSXTagName(node.tagName, node),
          attributes: node.attributes.properties.map(el =>
            this.convertChild(el),
          ),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.JsxClosingElement:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXClosingElement>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXClosingElement,
          name: this.convertJSXTagName(node.tagName, node),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.JsxOpeningFragment:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXOpeningFragment>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXOpeningFragment,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.JsxClosingFragment:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXClosingFragment>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXClosingFragment,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.JsxExpression: {
        const expression = node.expression
          ? this.convertChild(node.expression)
          : this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXEmptyExpression>(node, {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXEmptyExpression,
              range: [node.getStart(this.ast) + 1, node.getEnd() - 1],
            });

        if (node.dotDotDotToken) {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXSpreadChild>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXSpreadChild,
            expression,
          });
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXExpressionContainer>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXExpressionContainer,
            expression,
          });
        }
      }

      case SyntaxKind.JsxAttribute: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXAttribute>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXAttribute,
          name: this.convertJSXNamespaceOrIdentifier(node.name),
          value: this.convertChild(node.initializer),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.JsxText: {
        const start = node.getFullStart();
        const end = node.getEnd();
        const text = this.ast.text.slice(start, end);

        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXText>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXText,
          value: unescapeStringLiteralText(text),
          raw: text,
          range: [start, end],
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.JsxSpreadAttribute:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.JSXSpreadAttribute>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.JSXSpreadAttribute,
          argument: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

      case SyntaxKind.QualifiedName: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSQualifiedName>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSQualifiedName,
          left: this.convertChild(node.left),
          right: this.convertChild(node.right),
        });
      }

      // TypeScript specific

      case SyntaxKind.TypeReference: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeReference>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeReference,
          typeName: this.convertType(node.typeName),
          typeParameters: node.typeArguments
            ? this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
                node.typeArguments,
                node,
              )
            : undefined,
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.TypeParameter: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeParameter>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeParameter,
          name: this.convertType(node.name),
          constraint: node.constraint
            ? this.convertType(node.constraint)
            : undefined,
          default: node.default ? this.convertType(node.default) : undefined,
          in: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.InKeyword, node),
          out: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.OutKeyword, node),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ThisType:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSThisType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSThisType,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.AnyKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.BigIntKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.BooleanKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.NeverKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.NumberKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.ObjectKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.StringKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.SymbolKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.UnknownKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.VoidKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.UndefinedKeyword:
      case SyntaxKind.IntrinsicKeyword: {
        return this.createNode<any>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES[`TS${SyntaxKind[node.kind]}` as AST_NODE_TYPES],
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.NonNullExpression: {
        const nnExpr = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSNonNullExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSNonNullExpression,
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

        return this.convertChainExpression(nnExpr, node);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.TypeLiteral: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeLiteral>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeLiteral,
          members: node.members.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ArrayType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSArrayType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSArrayType,
          elementType: this.convertType(node.elementType),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.IndexedAccessType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSIndexedAccessType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSIndexedAccessType,
          objectType: this.convertType(node.objectType),
          indexType: this.convertType(node.indexType),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ConditionalType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSConditionalType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSConditionalType,
          checkType: this.convertType(node.checkType),
          extendsType: this.convertType(node.extendsType),
          trueType: this.convertType(node.trueType),
          falseType: this.convertType(node.falseType),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.TypeQuery: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeQuery>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeQuery,
          exprName: this.convertType(node.exprName),
          typeParameters:
            node.typeArguments &&
            this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(node.typeArguments, node),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.MappedType: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSMappedType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSMappedType,
          typeParameter: this.convertType(node.typeParameter),
          nameType: this.convertType(node.nameType) ?? null,
        });

        if (node.readonlyToken) {
          if (node.readonlyToken.kind === SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword) {
            result.readonly = true;
          } else {
            result.readonly = getTextForTokenKind(node.readonlyToken.kind);
          }
        }

        if (node.questionToken) {
          if (node.questionToken.kind === SyntaxKind.QuestionToken) {
            result.optional = true;
          } else {
            result.optional = getTextForTokenKind(node.questionToken.kind);
          }
        }

        if (node.type) {
          result.typeAnnotation = this.convertType(node.type);
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedExpression:
        return this.convertChild(node.expression, parent);

      case SyntaxKind.TypeAliasDeclaration: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeAliasDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeAliasDeclaration,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
          typeAnnotation: this.convertType(node.type),
        });

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword, node)) {
          result.declare = true;
        }

        // Process typeParameters
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }

        // check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.MethodSignature: {
        return this.convertMethodSignature(node);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.PropertySignature: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSPropertySignature>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSPropertySignature,
          optional: isOptional(node) || undefined,
          computed: isComputedProperty(node.name),
          key: this.convertChild(node.name),
          typeAnnotation: node.type
            ? this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node)
            : undefined,
          initializer:
            this.convertChild(
              // eslint-disable-next-line deprecation/deprecation -- TODO breaking change remove this from the AST
              node.initializer,
            ) || undefined,
          readonly: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword, node) || undefined,
          static: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node) || undefined,
          export: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword, node) || undefined,
        });

        const accessibility = getTSNodeAccessibility(node);
        if (accessibility) {
          result.accessibility = accessibility;
        }

        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.IndexSignature: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSIndexSignature>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSIndexSignature,
          parameters: node.parameters.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });

        if (node.type) {
          result.typeAnnotation = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ReadonlyKeyword, node)) {
          result.readonly = true;
        }

        const accessibility = getTSNodeAccessibility(node);
        if (accessibility) {
          result.accessibility = accessibility;
        }

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword, node)) {
          result.export = true;
        }

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.StaticKeyword, node)) {
          result.static = true;
        }
        return result;
      }
      case SyntaxKind.ConstructorType: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSConstructorType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSConstructorType,
          params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
          abstract: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword, node),
        });
        if (node.type) {
          result.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }
        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.FunctionType:
      case SyntaxKind.ConstructSignature:
      case SyntaxKind.CallSignature: {
        const type =
          node.kind === SyntaxKind.ConstructSignature
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSConstructSignatureDeclaration
            : node.kind === SyntaxKind.CallSignature
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSCallSignatureDeclaration
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.TSFunctionType;
        const result = this.createNode<
          | TSESTree.TSFunctionType
          | TSESTree.TSCallSignatureDeclaration
          | TSESTree.TSConstructSignatureDeclaration
        >(node, {
          type: type,
          params: this.convertParameters(node.parameters),
        });
        if (node.type) {
          result.returnType = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
        }

        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ExpressionWithTypeArguments: {
        const parentKind = parent.kind;
        const type =
          parentKind === SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSInterfaceHeritage
            : parentKind === SyntaxKind.HeritageClause
            ? AST_NODE_TYPES.TSClassImplements
            : AST_NODE_TYPES.TSInstantiationExpression;
        const result = this.createNode<
          | TSESTree.TSInterfaceHeritage
          | TSESTree.TSClassImplements
          | TSESTree.TSInstantiationExpression
        >(node, {
          type,
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });

        if (node.typeArguments) {
          result.typeParameters = this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
            node.typeArguments,
            node,
          );
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.InterfaceDeclaration: {
        const interfaceHeritageClauses = node.heritageClauses ?? [];
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSInterfaceDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSInterfaceDeclaration,
          body: this.createNode<TSESTree.TSInterfaceBody>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSInterfaceBody,
            body: node.members.map(member => this.convertChild(member)),
            range: [node.members.pos - 1, node.end],
          }),
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
        });

        if (node.typeParameters) {
          result.typeParameters =
            this.convertTSTypeParametersToTypeParametersDeclaration(
              node.typeParameters,
            );
        }

        if (interfaceHeritageClauses.length > 0) {
          const interfaceExtends: TSESTree.TSInterfaceHeritage[] = [];
          const interfaceImplements: TSESTree.TSInterfaceHeritage[] = [];

          for (const heritageClause of interfaceHeritageClauses) {
            if (heritageClause.token === SyntaxKind.ExtendsKeyword) {
              for (const n of heritageClause.types) {
                interfaceExtends.push(
                  this.convertChild(n, node) as TSESTree.TSInterfaceHeritage,
                );
              }
            } else {
              for (const n of heritageClause.types) {
                interfaceImplements.push(
                  this.convertChild(n, node) as TSESTree.TSInterfaceHeritage,
                );
              }
            }
          }

          if (interfaceExtends.length) {
            result.extends = interfaceExtends;
          }

          if (interfaceImplements.length) {
            result.implements = interfaceImplements;
          }
        }

        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword, node)) {
          result.abstract = true;
        }
        if (hasModifier(SyntaxKind.DeclareKeyword, node)) {
          result.declare = true;
        }
        // check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.TypePredicate: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypePredicate>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypePredicate,
          asserts: node.assertsModifier !== undefined,
          parameterName: this.convertChild(node.parameterName),
          typeAnnotation: null,
        });
        /**
         * Specific fix for type-guard location data
         */
        if (node.type) {
          result.typeAnnotation = this.convertTypeAnnotation(node.type, node);
          result.typeAnnotation.loc = result.typeAnnotation.typeAnnotation.loc;
          result.typeAnnotation.range =
            result.typeAnnotation.typeAnnotation.range;
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ImportType:
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSImportType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSImportType,
          isTypeOf: !!node.isTypeOf,
          parameter: this.convertChild(node.argument),
          qualifier: this.convertChild(node.qualifier),
          typeParameters: node.typeArguments
            ? this.convertTypeArgumentsToTypeParameters(
                node.typeArguments,
                node,
              )
            : null,
        });

      case SyntaxKind.EnumDeclaration: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSEnumDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSEnumDeclaration,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
          members: node.members.map(el => this.convertChild(el)),
        });
        // apply modifiers first...
        this.applyModifiersToResult(result, getModifiers(node));
        // ...then check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      case SyntaxKind.EnumMember: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSEnumMember>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSEnumMember,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
        });
        if (node.initializer) {
          result.initializer = this.convertChild(node.initializer);
        }
        if (node.name.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.ComputedPropertyName) {
          result.computed = true;
        }
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ModuleDeclaration: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSModuleDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSModuleDeclaration,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
        });
        if (node.body) {
          result.body = this.convertChild(node.body);
        }
        // apply modifiers first...
        this.applyModifiersToResult(result, getModifiers(node));
        if (node.flags & ts.NodeFlags.GlobalAugmentation) {
          result.global = true;
        }
        // ...then check for exports
        return this.fixExports(node, result);
      }

      // TypeScript specific types
      case SyntaxKind.ParenthesizedType: {
        return this.convertType(node.type);
      }
      case SyntaxKind.UnionType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSUnionType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSUnionType,
          types: node.types.map(el => this.convertType(el)),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.IntersectionType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSIntersectionType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSIntersectionType,
          types: node.types.map(el => this.convertType(el)),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.AsExpression: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSAsExpression>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSAsExpression,
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
          typeAnnotation: this.convertType(node.type),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.InferType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSInferType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSInferType,
          typeParameter: this.convertType(node.typeParameter),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.LiteralType: {
        if (
          typescriptVersionIsAtLeast['4.0'] &&
          node.literal.kind === SyntaxKind.NullKeyword
        ) {
          // 4.0 started nesting null types inside a LiteralType node
          // but our AST is designed around the old way of null being a keyword
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSNullKeyword>(
            node.literal as ts.NullLiteral,
            {
              type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSNullKeyword,
            },
          );
        } else {
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSLiteralType>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSLiteralType,
            literal: this.convertType(node.literal),
          });
        }
      }
      case SyntaxKind.TypeAssertionExpression: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTypeAssertion>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTypeAssertion,
          typeAnnotation: this.convertType(node.type),
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.ImportEqualsDeclaration: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSImportEqualsDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSImportEqualsDeclaration,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
          moduleReference: this.convertChild(node.moduleReference),
          importKind: node.isTypeOnly ? 'type' : 'value',
          isExport: hasModifier(SyntaxKind.ExportKeyword, node),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.ExternalModuleReference: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSExternalModuleReference>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSExternalModuleReference,
          expression: this.convertChild(node.expression),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.NamespaceExportDeclaration: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSNamespaceExportDeclaration>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSNamespaceExportDeclaration,
          id: this.convertChild(node.name),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.AbstractKeyword: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSAbstractKeyword>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSAbstractKeyword,
        });
      }

      // Tuple
      case SyntaxKind.TupleType: {
        // In TS 4.0, the `elementTypes` property was changed to `elements`.
        // To support both at compile time, we cast to access the newer version
        // if the former does not exist.
        const elementTypes =
          'elementTypes' in node
            ? (node as any).elementTypes.map((el: ts.Node) =>
                this.convertType(el),
              )
            : node.elements.map(el => this.convertType(el));

        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTupleType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTupleType,
          elementTypes,
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.NamedTupleMember: {
        const member = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSNamedTupleMember>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSNamedTupleMember,
          elementType: this.convertType(node.type, node),
          label: this.convertChild(node.name, node),
          optional: node.questionToken != null,
        });

        if (node.dotDotDotToken) {
          // adjust the start to account for the "..."
          member.range[0] = member.label.range[0];
          member.loc.start = member.label.loc.start;
          return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSRestType>(node, {
            type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSRestType,
            typeAnnotation: member,
          });
        }

        return member;
      }
      case SyntaxKind.OptionalType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSOptionalType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSOptionalType,
          typeAnnotation: this.convertType(node.type),
        });
      }
      case SyntaxKind.RestType: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.TSRestType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSRestType,
          typeAnnotation: this.convertType(node.type),
        });
      }

      // Template Literal Types
      case SyntaxKind.TemplateLiteralType: {
        const result = this.createNode<TSESTree.TSTemplateLiteralType>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.TSTemplateLiteralType,
          quasis: [this.convertChild(node.head)],
          types: [],
        });

        node.templateSpans.forEach(templateSpan => {
          result.types.push(
            this.convertChild(templateSpan.type) as TSESTree.TypeNode,
          );
          result.quasis.push(
            this.convertChild(templateSpan.literal) as TSESTree.TemplateElement,
          );
        });
        return result;
      }

      case SyntaxKind.ClassStaticBlockDeclaration: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.StaticBlock>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.StaticBlock,
          body: this.convertBodyExpressions(node.body.statements, node),
        });
      }

      case SyntaxKind.AssertEntry: {
        return this.createNode<TSESTree.ImportAttribute>(node, {
          type: AST_NODE_TYPES.ImportAttribute,
          key: this.convertChild(node.name),
          value: this.convertChild(node.value),
        });
      }

      default:
        return this.deeplyCopy(node);
    }
  }
}