diff --git a/packages/parser/src/parser.ts b/packages/parser/src/parser.ts
index e7223e93332..0e4b7780c17 100644
--- a/packages/parser/src/parser.ts
+++ b/packages/parser/src/parser.ts
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ function parseForESLint(
     jsx: validateBoolean(options.ecmaFeatures.jsx),
   });
   const analyzeOptions: AnalyzeOptions = {
+    ecmaVersion: options.ecmaVersion === 'latest' ? 1e8 : options.ecmaVersion,
     globalReturn: options.ecmaFeatures.globalReturn,
     jsxPragma: options.jsxPragma,
     jsxFragmentName: options.jsxFragmentName,
diff --git a/packages/parser/tests/lib/parser.ts b/packages/parser/tests/lib/parser.ts
index e554c4bfde7..7f2f193e11d 100644
--- a/packages/parser/tests/lib/parser.ts
+++ b/packages/parser/tests/lib/parser.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ describe('parser', () => {
     expect(() => parseForESLint(code, null)).not.toThrow();
   });
 
+  it("parseForESLint() should work if options.ecmaVersion is `'latest'`", () => {
+    const code = 'const valid = true;';
+    expect(() => parseForESLint(code, { ecmaVersion: 'latest' })).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
   it('parseAndGenerateServices() should be called with options', () => {
     const code = 'const valid = true;';
     const spy = jest.spyOn(typescriptESTree, 'parseAndGenerateServices');
@@ -28,6 +33,7 @@ describe('parser', () => {
       range: false,
       tokens: false,
       sourceType: 'module' as const,
+      ecmaVersion: 2018,
       ecmaFeatures: {
         globalReturn: false,
         jsx: false,
@@ -78,6 +84,7 @@ describe('parser', () => {
       range: false,
       tokens: false,
       sourceType: 'module' as const,
+      ecmaVersion: 2018,
       ecmaFeatures: {
         globalReturn: false,
         jsx: false,
@@ -97,6 +104,7 @@ describe('parser', () => {
     parseForESLint(code, config);
     expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(spy).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.anything(), {
+      ecmaVersion: 2018,
       globalReturn: false,
       lib: ['dom.iterable'],
       jsxPragma: 'Foo',
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/README.md b/packages/scope-manager/README.md
index 3d9ef751032..b0a745f3fa5 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/README.md
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/README.md
@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
    */
   childVisitorKeys?: Record<string, string[]> | null;
 
+  /**
+   * Which ECMAScript version is considered.
+   * Defaults to `2018`.
+   * `'latest'` is converted to 1e8 at parser.
+   */
+  ecmaVersion?: EcmaVersion | 1e8;
+
   /**
    * Whether the whole script is executed under node.js environment.
    * When enabled, the scope manager adds a function scope immediately following the global scope.
@@ -44,7 +51,7 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
   globalReturn?: boolean;
 
   /**
-   * Implied strict mode.
+   * Implied strict mode (if ecmaVersion >= 5).
    * Defaults to `false`.
    */
   impliedStrict?: boolean;
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
    * This automatically defines a type variable for any types provided by the configured TS libs.
    * For more information, see https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig#lib
    *
-   * Defaults to ['esnext'].
+   * Defaults to the lib for the provided `ecmaVersion`.
    */
   lib?: Lib[];
 
@@ -98,6 +105,7 @@ const ast = parse(code, {
   range: true,
 });
 const scope = analyze(ast, {
+  ecmaVersion: 2020,
   sourceType: 'module',
 });
 ```
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/src/ScopeManager.ts b/packages/scope-manager/src/ScopeManager.ts
index d8beafba4aa..5368cca1dc3 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/src/ScopeManager.ts
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/src/ScopeManager.ts
@@ -28,11 +28,9 @@ interface ScopeManagerOptions {
   globalReturn?: boolean;
   sourceType?: 'module' | 'script';
   impliedStrict?: boolean;
+  ecmaVersion?: number;
 }
 
-/**
- * @see https://eslint.org/docs/latest/developer-guide/scope-manager-interface#scopemanager-interface
- */
 class ScopeManager {
   public currentScope: Scope | null;
   public readonly declaredVariables: WeakMap<TSESTree.Node, Variable[]>;
@@ -79,13 +77,12 @@ class ScopeManager {
   public isImpliedStrict(): boolean {
     return this.#options.impliedStrict === true;
   }
-
   public isStrictModeSupported(): boolean {
-    return true;
+    return this.#options.ecmaVersion != null && this.#options.ecmaVersion >= 5;
   }
 
   public isES6(): boolean {
-    return true;
+    return this.#options.ecmaVersion != null && this.#options.ecmaVersion >= 6;
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/src/analyze.ts b/packages/scope-manager/src/analyze.ts
index 1cb1d989209..e227d1e45ad 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/src/analyze.ts
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/src/analyze.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-import type { Lib, TSESTree } from '@typescript-eslint/types';
+import type { EcmaVersion, Lib, TSESTree } from '@typescript-eslint/types';
 import { visitorKeys } from '@typescript-eslint/visitor-keys';
 
+import { lib as TSLibraries } from './lib';
 import type { ReferencerOptions } from './referencer';
 import { Referencer } from './referencer';
 import { ScopeManager } from './ScopeManager';
@@ -15,6 +16,13 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
    */
   childVisitorKeys?: ReferencerOptions['childVisitorKeys'];
 
+  /**
+   * Which ECMAScript version is considered.
+   * Defaults to `2018`.
+   * `'latest'` is converted to 1e8 at parser.
+   */
+  ecmaVersion?: EcmaVersion | 1e8;
+
   /**
    * Whether the whole script is executed under node.js environment.
    * When enabled, the scope manager adds a function scope immediately following the global scope.
@@ -23,7 +31,7 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
   globalReturn?: boolean;
 
   /**
-   * Implied strict mode.
+   * Implied strict mode (if ecmaVersion >= 5).
    * Defaults to `false`.
    */
   impliedStrict?: boolean;
@@ -46,7 +54,7 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
   /**
    * The lib used by the project.
    * This automatically defines a type variable for any types provided by the configured TS libs.
-   * Defaults to ['esnext'].
+   * Defaults to the lib for the provided `ecmaVersion`.
    *
    * https://www.typescriptlang.org/tsconfig#lib
    */
@@ -66,6 +74,7 @@ interface AnalyzeOptions {
 
 const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Required<AnalyzeOptions> = {
   childVisitorKeys: visitorKeys,
+  ecmaVersion: 2018,
   globalReturn: false,
   impliedStrict: false,
   jsxPragma: 'React',
@@ -75,6 +84,21 @@ const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Required<AnalyzeOptions> = {
   emitDecoratorMetadata: false,
 };
 
+/**
+ * Convert ecmaVersion to lib.
+ * `'latest'` is converted to 1e8 at parser.
+ */
+function mapEcmaVersion(version: EcmaVersion | 1e8 | undefined): Lib {
+  if (version == null || version === 3 || version === 5) {
+    return 'es5';
+  }
+
+  const year = version > 2000 ? version : 2015 + (version - 6);
+  const lib = `es${year}`;
+
+  return lib in TSLibraries ? (lib as Lib) : year > 2020 ? 'esnext' : 'es5';
+}
+
 /**
  * Takes an AST and returns the analyzed scopes.
  */
@@ -82,9 +106,12 @@ function analyze(
   tree: TSESTree.Node,
   providedOptions?: AnalyzeOptions,
 ): ScopeManager {
+  const ecmaVersion =
+    providedOptions?.ecmaVersion ?? DEFAULT_OPTIONS.ecmaVersion;
   const options: Required<AnalyzeOptions> = {
     childVisitorKeys:
       providedOptions?.childVisitorKeys ?? DEFAULT_OPTIONS.childVisitorKeys,
+    ecmaVersion,
     globalReturn: providedOptions?.globalReturn ?? DEFAULT_OPTIONS.globalReturn,
     impliedStrict:
       providedOptions?.impliedStrict ?? DEFAULT_OPTIONS.impliedStrict,
@@ -95,7 +122,7 @@ function analyze(
     jsxFragmentName:
       providedOptions?.jsxFragmentName ?? DEFAULT_OPTIONS.jsxFragmentName,
     sourceType: providedOptions?.sourceType ?? DEFAULT_OPTIONS.sourceType,
-    lib: providedOptions?.lib ?? ['esnext'],
+    lib: providedOptions?.lib ?? [mapEcmaVersion(ecmaVersion)],
     emitDecoratorMetadata:
       providedOptions?.emitDecoratorMetadata ??
       DEFAULT_OPTIONS.emitDecoratorMetadata,
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/src/referencer/Referencer.ts b/packages/scope-manager/src/referencer/Referencer.ts
index ecadb7e9fd6..a69209e86c6 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/src/referencer/Referencer.ts
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/src/referencer/Referencer.ts
@@ -371,7 +371,9 @@ class Referencer extends Visitor {
   }
 
   protected BlockStatement(node: TSESTree.BlockStatement): void {
-    this.scopeManager.nestBlockScope(node);
+    if (this.scopeManager.isES6()) {
+      this.scopeManager.nestBlockScope(node);
+    }
 
     this.visitChildren(node);
 
@@ -485,7 +487,7 @@ class Referencer extends Visitor {
 
   protected ImportDeclaration(node: TSESTree.ImportDeclaration): void {
     assert(
-      this.scopeManager.isModule(),
+      this.scopeManager.isES6() && this.scopeManager.isModule(),
       'ImportDeclaration should appear when the mode is ES6 and in the module context.',
     );
 
@@ -577,11 +579,14 @@ class Referencer extends Visitor {
       this.scopeManager.nestFunctionScope(node, false);
     }
 
-    if (this.scopeManager.isModule()) {
+    if (this.scopeManager.isES6() && this.scopeManager.isModule()) {
       this.scopeManager.nestModuleScope(node);
     }
 
-    if (this.scopeManager.isImpliedStrict()) {
+    if (
+      this.scopeManager.isStrictModeSupported() &&
+      this.scopeManager.isImpliedStrict()
+    ) {
       this.currentScope().isStrict = true;
     }
 
@@ -596,7 +601,9 @@ class Referencer extends Visitor {
   protected SwitchStatement(node: TSESTree.SwitchStatement): void {
     this.visit(node.discriminant);
 
-    this.scopeManager.nestSwitchScope(node);
+    if (this.scopeManager.isES6()) {
+      this.scopeManager.nestSwitchScope(node);
+    }
 
     for (const switchCase of node.cases) {
       this.visit(switchCase);
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/get-declared-variables.test.ts b/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/get-declared-variables.test.ts
index 82611eb5147..23e02b9af0c 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/get-declared-variables.test.ts
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/get-declared-variables.test.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ describe('ScopeManager.prototype.getDeclaredVariables', () => {
     expectedNamesList: string[][],
   ): void {
     const scopeManager = analyze(ast, {
+      ecmaVersion: 6,
       sourceType: 'module',
     });
 
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/implied-strict.test.ts b/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/implied-strict.test.ts
index 893da6048c2..34151be8c3d 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/implied-strict.test.ts
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/implied-strict.test.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
 } from '../util';
 
 describe('impliedStrict option', () => {
-  it('ensures all user scopes are strict', () => {
+  it('ensures all user scopes are strict if ecmaVersion >= 5', () => {
     const { scopeManager } = parseAndAnalyze(
       `
         function foo() {
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ describe('impliedStrict option', () => {
         }
       `,
       {
+        ecmaVersion: 5,
         impliedStrict: true,
       },
     );
@@ -41,12 +42,38 @@ describe('impliedStrict option', () => {
     expect(scope.isStrict).toBeTruthy();
   });
 
+  it('ensures impliedStrict option is only effective when ecmaVersion option >= 5', () => {
+    const { scopeManager } = parseAndAnalyze(
+      `
+        function foo() {}
+      `,
+      {
+        ecmaVersion: 3,
+        impliedStrict: true,
+      },
+    );
+
+    expect(scopeManager.scopes).toHaveLength(2);
+
+    let scope = scopeManager.scopes[0];
+
+    expectToBeGlobalScope(scope);
+    expect(scope.block.type).toBe(AST_NODE_TYPES.Program);
+    expect(scope.isStrict).toBeFalsy();
+
+    scope = scopeManager.scopes[1];
+    expectToBeFunctionScope(scope);
+    expect(scope.block.type).toBe(AST_NODE_TYPES.FunctionDeclaration);
+    expect(scope.isStrict).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+
   it('omits a nodejs global scope when ensuring all user scopes are strict', () => {
     const { scopeManager } = parseAndAnalyze(
       `
         function foo() {}
       `,
       {
+        ecmaVersion: 5,
         globalReturn: true,
         impliedStrict: true,
       },
@@ -73,6 +100,7 @@ describe('impliedStrict option', () => {
 
   it('omits a module global scope when ensuring all user scopes are strict', () => {
     const { scopeManager } = parseAndAnalyze('function foo() {}', {
+      ecmaVersion: 6,
       impliedStrict: true,
       sourceType: 'module',
     });
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/map-ecma-version.test.ts b/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/map-ecma-version.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..becca474ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/tests/eslint-scope/map-ecma-version.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import type { EcmaVersion, Lib, TSESTree } from '@typescript-eslint/types';
+
+import { analyze } from '../../src/analyze';
+import { Referencer } from '../../src/referencer';
+
+jest.mock('../../src/referencer');
+jest.mock('../../src/ScopeManager');
+
+describe('ecma version mapping', () => {
+  it("should map to 'esnext' when unsuported and new", () => {
+    expectMapping(2042, 'esnext');
+    expectMapping(42, 'esnext');
+  });
+
+  it("should map to 'es5' when unsuported and old", () => {
+    expectMapping(2002, 'es5');
+    expectMapping(2, 'es5');
+  });
+
+  it("should map to 'es{year}' when supported and >= 6", () => {
+    expectMapping(2015, 'es2015');
+    expectMapping(6, 'es2015');
+    expectMapping(2020, 'es2020');
+    expectMapping(11, 'es2020');
+  });
+
+  it("should map to 'es5' when 5 or 3", () => {
+    expectMapping(5, 'es5');
+    expectMapping(3, 'es5');
+  });
+
+  it("should map to 'es2018' when undefined", () => {
+    expectMapping(undefined, 'es2018');
+  });
+
+  it("should map to 'esnext' when 'latest'", () => {
+    // `'latest'` is converted to 1e8 at parser.
+    expectMapping(1e8, 'esnext');
+  });
+});
+
+const fakeNode = {} as unknown as TSESTree.Node;
+
+function expectMapping(ecmaVersion: number | undefined, lib: Lib): void {
+  (Referencer as jest.Mock).mockClear();
+  analyze(fakeNode, { ecmaVersion: ecmaVersion as EcmaVersion });
+  expect(Referencer).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+    expect.objectContaining({ lib: [lib] }),
+    expect.any(Object),
+  );
+}
diff --git a/packages/scope-manager/tests/fixtures.test.ts b/packages/scope-manager/tests/fixtures.test.ts
index ac6b39c860e..fa86c1544c7 100644
--- a/packages/scope-manager/tests/fixtures.test.ts
+++ b/packages/scope-manager/tests/fixtures.test.ts
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ const ALLOWED_OPTIONS: Map<string, ALLOWED_VALUE> = new Map<
   keyof AnalyzeOptions,
   ALLOWED_VALUE
 >([
+  ['ecmaVersion', ['number']],
   ['globalReturn', ['boolean']],
   ['impliedStrict', ['boolean']],
   ['jsxPragma', ['string']],
diff --git a/packages/website/src/components/linter/WebLinter.ts b/packages/website/src/components/linter/WebLinter.ts
index acd3c569ff3..378e34ed136 100644
--- a/packages/website/src/components/linter/WebLinter.ts
+++ b/packages/website/src/components/linter/WebLinter.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@ export class WebLinter {
     );
 
     const scopeManager = this.lintUtils.analyze(ast, {
+      ecmaVersion:
+        eslintOptions.ecmaVersion === 'latest'
+          ? 1e8
+          : eslintOptions.ecmaVersion,
       globalReturn: eslintOptions.ecmaFeatures?.globalReturn ?? false,
       sourceType: eslintOptions.sourceType ?? 'script',
     });