json_encoder_impl_test.go

// Copyright (c) 2016 Uber Technologies, Inc.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.

package zapcore

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"math"
	"math/rand"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"testing/quick"
	"time"

	"go.uber.org/zap/internal/bufferpool"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"go.uber.org/multierr"
)

var _defaultEncoderConfig = EncoderConfig{
	EncodeTime:     EpochTimeEncoder,
	EncodeDuration: SecondsDurationEncoder,
}

func TestJSONClone(t *testing.T) {
	// The parent encoder is created with plenty of excess capacity.
	parent := &jsonEncoder{buf: bufferpool.Get()}
	clone := parent.Clone()

	// Adding to the parent shouldn't affect the clone, and vice versa.
	parent.AddString("foo", "bar")
	clone.AddString("baz", "bing")

	assertJSON(t, `"foo":"bar"`, parent)
	assertJSON(t, `"baz":"bing"`, clone.(*jsonEncoder))
}

func TestJSONEscaping(t *testing.T) {
	enc := &jsonEncoder{buf: bufferpool.Get()}
	// Test all the edge cases of JSON escaping directly.
	cases := map[string]string{
		// ASCII.
		`foo`: `foo`,
		// Special-cased characters.
		`"`: `\"`,
		`\`: `\\`,
		// Special-cased characters within everyday ASCII.
		`foo"foo`: `foo\"foo`,
		"foo\n":   `foo\n`,
		// Special-cased control characters.
		"\n": `\n`,
		"\r": `\r`,
		"\t": `\t`,
		// \b and \f are sometimes backslash-escaped, but this representation is also
		// conformant.
		"\b": `\u0008`,
		"\f": `\u000c`,
		// The standard lib special-cases angle brackets and ampersands by default,
		// because it wants to protect users from browser exploits. In a logging
		// context, we shouldn't special-case these characters.
		"<": "<",
		">": ">",
		"&": "&",
		// ASCII bell - not special-cased.
		string(byte(0x07)): `\u0007`,
		// Astral-plane unicode.
		`☃`: `☃`,
		// Decodes to (RuneError, 1)
		"\xed\xa0\x80":    `\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd`,
		"foo\xed\xa0\x80": `foo\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd`,
	}

	t.Run("String", func(t *testing.T) {
		for input, output := range cases {
			enc.truncate()
			enc.safeAddString(input)
			assertJSON(t, output, enc)
		}
	})

	t.Run("ByteString", func(t *testing.T) {
		for input, output := range cases {
			enc.truncate()
			enc.safeAddByteString([]byte(input))
			assertJSON(t, output, enc)
		}
	})
}

func TestJSONEncoderObjectFields(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		desc     string
		expected string
		f        func(Encoder)
	}{
		{"binary", `"k":"YWIxMg=="`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddBinary("k", []byte("ab12")) }},
		{"bool", `"k\\":true`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddBool(`k\`, true) }}, // test key escaping once
		{"bool", `"k":true`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddBool("k", true) }},
		{"bool", `"k":false`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddBool("k", false) }},
		{"byteString", `"k":"v\\"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddByteString(`k`, []byte(`v\`)) }},
		{"byteString", `"k":"v"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddByteString("k", []byte("v")) }},
		{"byteString", `"k":""`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddByteString("k", []byte{}) }},
		{"byteString", `"k":""`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddByteString("k", nil) }},
		{"complex128", `"k":"1+2i"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddComplex128("k", 1+2i) }},
		{"complex128/negative_i", `"k":"1-2i"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddComplex128("k", 1-2i) }},
		{"complex64", `"k":"1+2i"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddComplex64("k", 1+2i) }},
		{"complex64/negative_i", `"k":"1-2i"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddComplex64("k", 1-2i) }},
		{"complex64", `"k":"2.71+3.14i"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddComplex64("k", 2.71+3.14i) }},
		{"duration", `"k":0.000000001`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddDuration("k", 1) }},
		{"duration/negative", `"k":-0.000000001`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddDuration("k", -1) }},
		{"float64", `"k":1`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat64("k", 1.0) }},
		{"float64", `"k":10000000000`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat64("k", 1e10) }},
		{"float64", `"k":"NaN"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat64("k", math.NaN()) }},
		{"float64", `"k":"+Inf"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat64("k", math.Inf(1)) }},
		{"float64", `"k":"-Inf"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat64("k", math.Inf(-1)) }},
		{"float64/pi", `"k":3.141592653589793`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat64("k", math.Pi) }},
		{"float32", `"k":1`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", 1.0) }},
		{"float32", `"k":2.71`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", 2.71) }},
		{"float32", `"k":0.1`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", 0.1) }},
		{"float32", `"k":10000000000`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", 1e10) }},
		{"float32", `"k":"NaN"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", float32(math.NaN())) }},
		{"float32", `"k":"+Inf"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", float32(math.Inf(1))) }},
		{"float32", `"k":"-Inf"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", float32(math.Inf(-1))) }},
		{"float32/pi", `"k":3.1415927`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddFloat32("k", math.Pi) }},
		{"int", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt("k", 42) }},
		{"int64", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt64("k", 42) }},
		{"int64/min", `"k":-9223372036854775808`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt64("k", math.MinInt64) }},
		{"int64/max", `"k":9223372036854775807`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt64("k", math.MaxInt64) }},
		{"int32", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt32("k", 42) }},
		{"int32/min", `"k":-2147483648`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt32("k", math.MinInt32) }},
		{"int32/max", `"k":2147483647`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt32("k", math.MaxInt32) }},
		{"int16", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt16("k", 42) }},
		{"int16/min", `"k":-32768`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt16("k", math.MinInt16) }},
		{"int16/max", `"k":32767`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt16("k", math.MaxInt16) }},
		{"int8", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt8("k", 42) }},
		{"int8/min", `"k":-128`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt8("k", math.MinInt8) }},
		{"int8/max", `"k":127`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddInt8("k", math.MaxInt8) }},
		{"string", `"k":"v\\"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddString(`k`, `v\`) }},
		{"string", `"k":"v"`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddString("k", "v") }},
		{"string", `"k":""`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddString("k", "") }},
		{"time", `"k":1`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddTime("k", time.Unix(1, 0)) }},
		{"uint", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint("k", 42) }},
		{"uint64", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint64("k", 42) }},
		{"uint64/max", `"k":18446744073709551615`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint64("k", math.MaxUint64) }},
		{"uint32", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint32("k", 42) }},
		{"uint32/max", `"k":4294967295`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint32("k", math.MaxUint32) }},
		{"uint16", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint16("k", 42) }},
		{"uint16/max", `"k":65535`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint16("k", math.MaxUint16) }},
		{"uint8", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint8("k", 42) }},
		{"uint8/max", `"k":255`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUint8("k", math.MaxUint8) }},
		{"uintptr", `"k":42`, func(e Encoder) { e.AddUintptr("k", 42) }},
		{
			desc:     "object (success)",
			expected: `"k":{"loggable":"yes"}`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.NoError(t, e.AddObject("k", loggable{true}), "Unexpected error calling MarshalLogObject.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "object (error)",
			expected: `"k":{}`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.Error(t, e.AddObject("k", loggable{false}), "Expected an error calling MarshalLogObject.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "object (with nested array)",
			expected: `"turducken":{"ducks":[{"in":"chicken"},{"in":"chicken"}]}`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.NoError(
					t,
					e.AddObject("turducken", turducken{}),
					"Unexpected error calling MarshalLogObject with nested ObjectMarshalers and ArrayMarshalers.",
				)
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "array (with nested object)",
			expected: `"turduckens":[{"ducks":[{"in":"chicken"},{"in":"chicken"}]},{"ducks":[{"in":"chicken"},{"in":"chicken"}]}]`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.NoError(
					t,
					e.AddArray("turduckens", turduckens(2)),
					"Unexpected error calling MarshalLogObject with nested ObjectMarshalers and ArrayMarshalers.",
				)
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "array (success)",
			expected: `"k":[true]`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.NoError(t, e.AddArray(`k`, loggable{true}), "Unexpected error calling MarshalLogArray.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "array (error)",
			expected: `"k":[]`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.Error(t, e.AddArray("k", loggable{false}), "Expected an error calling MarshalLogArray.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "reflect (success)",
			expected: `"k":{"escape":"<&>","loggable":"yes"}`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.NoError(t, e.AddReflected("k", map[string]string{"escape": "<&>", "loggable": "yes"}), "Unexpected error JSON-serializing a map.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "reflect (failure)",
			expected: "",
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				assert.Error(t, e.AddReflected("k", noJSON{}), "Unexpected success JSON-serializing a noJSON.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc: "namespace",
			// EncodeEntry is responsible for closing all open namespaces.
			expected: `"outermost":{"outer":{"foo":1,"inner":{"foo":2,"innermost":{`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				e.OpenNamespace("outermost")
				e.OpenNamespace("outer")
				e.AddInt("foo", 1)
				e.OpenNamespace("inner")
				e.AddInt("foo", 2)
				e.OpenNamespace("innermost")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "object (no nested namespace)",
			expected: `"obj":{"obj-out":"obj-outside-namespace"},"not-obj":"should-be-outside-obj"`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				e.AddObject("obj", maybeNamespace{false})
				e.AddString("not-obj", "should-be-outside-obj")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "object (with nested namespace)",
			expected: `"obj":{"obj-out":"obj-outside-namespace","obj-namespace":{"obj-in":"obj-inside-namespace"}},"not-obj":"should-be-outside-obj"`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				e.AddObject("obj", maybeNamespace{true})
				e.AddString("not-obj", "should-be-outside-obj")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "multiple open namespaces",
			expected: `"k":{"foo":1,"middle":{"foo":2,"inner":{"foo":3}}}`,
			f: func(e Encoder) {
				e.AddObject("k", ObjectMarshalerFunc(func(enc ObjectEncoder) error {
					e.AddInt("foo", 1)
					e.OpenNamespace("middle")
					e.AddInt("foo", 2)
					e.OpenNamespace("inner")
					e.AddInt("foo", 3)
					return nil
				}))
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
			assertOutput(t, _defaultEncoderConfig, tt.expected, tt.f)
		})
	}
}

func TestJSONEncoderTimeFormats(t *testing.T) {
	date := time.Date(2000, time.January, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, time.UTC)

	f := func(e Encoder) {
		e.AddTime("k", date)
		e.AddArray("a", ArrayMarshalerFunc(func(enc ArrayEncoder) error {
			enc.AppendTime(date)
			return nil
		}))
	}
	tests := []struct {
		desc     string
		cfg      EncoderConfig
		expected string
	}{
		{
			desc: "time.Time ISO8601",
			cfg: EncoderConfig{
				EncodeDuration: NanosDurationEncoder,
				EncodeTime:     ISO8601TimeEncoder,
			},
			expected: `"k":"2000-01-02T03:04:05.000Z","a":["2000-01-02T03:04:05.000Z"]`,
		},
		{
			desc: "time.Time RFC3339",
			cfg: EncoderConfig{
				EncodeDuration: NanosDurationEncoder,
				EncodeTime:     RFC3339TimeEncoder,
			},
			expected: `"k":"2000-01-02T03:04:05Z","a":["2000-01-02T03:04:05Z"]`,
		},
		{
			desc: "time.Time RFC3339Nano",
			cfg: EncoderConfig{
				EncodeDuration: NanosDurationEncoder,
				EncodeTime:     RFC3339NanoTimeEncoder,
			},
			expected: `"k":"2000-01-02T03:04:05.000000006Z","a":["2000-01-02T03:04:05.000000006Z"]`,
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
			assertOutput(t, tt.cfg, tt.expected, f)
		})
	}
}

func TestJSONEncoderArrays(t *testing.T) {
	tests := []struct {
		desc     string
		expected string // expect f to be called twice
		f        func(ArrayEncoder)
	}{
		{"bool", `[true,true]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendBool(true) }},
		{"byteString", `["k","k"]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendByteString([]byte("k")) }},
		{"byteString", `["k\\","k\\"]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendByteString([]byte(`k\`)) }},
		{"complex128", `["1+2i","1+2i"]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendComplex128(1 + 2i) }},
		{"complex64", `["1+2i","1+2i"]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendComplex64(1 + 2i) }},
		{"durations", `[0.000000002,0.000000002]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendDuration(2) }},
		{"float64", `[3.14,3.14]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendFloat64(3.14) }},
		{"float32", `[3.14,3.14]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendFloat32(3.14) }},
		{"int", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendInt(42) }},
		{"int64", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendInt64(42) }},
		{"int32", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendInt32(42) }},
		{"int16", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendInt16(42) }},
		{"int8", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendInt8(42) }},
		{"string", `["k","k"]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendString("k") }},
		{"string", `["k\\","k\\"]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendString(`k\`) }},
		{"times", `[1,1]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendTime(time.Unix(1, 0)) }},
		{"uint", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendUint(42) }},
		{"uint64", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendUint64(42) }},
		{"uint32", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendUint32(42) }},
		{"uint16", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendUint16(42) }},
		{"uint8", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendUint8(42) }},
		{"uintptr", `[42,42]`, func(e ArrayEncoder) { e.AppendUintptr(42) }},
		{
			desc:     "arrays (success)",
			expected: `[[true],[true]]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				assert.NoError(t, arr.AppendArray(ArrayMarshalerFunc(func(inner ArrayEncoder) error {
					inner.AppendBool(true)
					return nil
				})), "Unexpected error appending an array.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "arrays (error)",
			expected: `[[true],[true]]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				assert.Error(t, arr.AppendArray(ArrayMarshalerFunc(func(inner ArrayEncoder) error {
					inner.AppendBool(true)
					return errors.New("fail")
				})), "Expected an error appending an array.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "objects (success)",
			expected: `[{"loggable":"yes"},{"loggable":"yes"}]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				assert.NoError(t, arr.AppendObject(loggable{true}), "Unexpected error appending an object.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "objects (error)",
			expected: `[{},{}]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				assert.Error(t, arr.AppendObject(loggable{false}), "Expected an error appending an object.")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "reflect (success)",
			expected: `[{"foo":5},{"foo":5}]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				assert.NoError(
					t,
					arr.AppendReflected(map[string]int{"foo": 5}),
					"Unexpected an error appending an object with reflection.",
				)
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "reflect (error)",
			expected: `[]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				assert.Error(
					t,
					arr.AppendReflected(noJSON{}),
					"Unexpected an error appending an object with reflection.",
				)
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "object (no nested namespace) then string",
			expected: `[{"obj-out":"obj-outside-namespace"},"should-be-outside-obj",{"obj-out":"obj-outside-namespace"},"should-be-outside-obj"]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				arr.AppendObject(maybeNamespace{false})
				arr.AppendString("should-be-outside-obj")
			},
		},
		{
			desc:     "object (with nested namespace) then string",
			expected: `[{"obj-out":"obj-outside-namespace","obj-namespace":{"obj-in":"obj-inside-namespace"}},"should-be-outside-obj",{"obj-out":"obj-outside-namespace","obj-namespace":{"obj-in":"obj-inside-namespace"}},"should-be-outside-obj"]`,
			f: func(arr ArrayEncoder) {
				arr.AppendObject(maybeNamespace{true})
				arr.AppendString("should-be-outside-obj")
			},
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
			f := func(enc Encoder) error {
				return enc.AddArray("array", ArrayMarshalerFunc(func(arr ArrayEncoder) error {
					tt.f(arr)
					tt.f(arr)
					return nil
				}))
			}
			assertOutput(t, _defaultEncoderConfig, `"array":`+tt.expected, func(enc Encoder) {
				err := f(enc)
				assert.NoError(t, err, "Unexpected error adding array to JSON encoder.")
			})
		})
	}
}

func TestJSONEncoderTimeArrays(t *testing.T) {
	times := []time.Time{
		time.Unix(1008720000, 0).UTC(), // 2001-12-19
		time.Unix(1040169600, 0).UTC(), // 2002-12-18
		time.Unix(1071619200, 0).UTC(), // 2003-12-17
	}

	tests := []struct {
		desc    string
		encoder TimeEncoder
		want    string
	}{
		{
			desc:    "epoch",
			encoder: EpochTimeEncoder,
			want:    `[1008720000,1040169600,1071619200]`,
		},
		{
			desc:    "epoch millis",
			encoder: EpochMillisTimeEncoder,
			want:    `[1008720000000,1040169600000,1071619200000]`,
		},
		{
			desc:    "iso8601",
			encoder: ISO8601TimeEncoder,
			want:    `["2001-12-19T00:00:00.000Z","2002-12-18T00:00:00.000Z","2003-12-17T00:00:00.000Z"]`,
		},
		{
			desc:    "rfc3339",
			encoder: RFC3339TimeEncoder,
			want:    `["2001-12-19T00:00:00Z","2002-12-18T00:00:00Z","2003-12-17T00:00:00Z"]`,
		},
	}

	for _, tt := range tests {
		t.Run(tt.desc, func(t *testing.T) {
			cfg := _defaultEncoderConfig
			cfg.EncodeTime = tt.encoder

			enc := &jsonEncoder{buf: bufferpool.Get(), EncoderConfig: &cfg}
			err := enc.AddArray("array", ArrayMarshalerFunc(func(arr ArrayEncoder) error {
				for _, time := range times {
					arr.AppendTime(time)
				}
				return nil
			}))
			assert.NoError(t, err)
			assert.Equal(t, `"array":`+tt.want, enc.buf.String())
		})
	}
}

func assertJSON(t *testing.T, expected string, enc *jsonEncoder) {
	assert.Equal(t, expected, enc.buf.String(), "Encoded JSON didn't match expectations.")
}

func assertOutput(t testing.TB, cfg EncoderConfig, expected string, f func(Encoder)) {
	enc := NewJSONEncoder(cfg).(*jsonEncoder)
	f(enc)
	assert.Equal(t, expected, enc.buf.String(), "Unexpected encoder output after adding.")

	enc.truncate()
	enc.AddString("foo", "bar")
	f(enc)
	expectedPrefix := `"foo":"bar"`
	if expected != "" {
		// If we expect output, it should be comma-separated from the previous
		// field.
		expectedPrefix += ","
	}
	assert.Equal(t, expectedPrefix+expected, enc.buf.String(), "Unexpected encoder output after adding as a second field.")
}

// Nested Array- and ObjectMarshalers.
type turducken struct{}

func (t turducken) MarshalLogObject(enc ObjectEncoder) error {
	return enc.AddArray("ducks", ArrayMarshalerFunc(func(arr ArrayEncoder) error {
		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
			arr.AppendObject(ObjectMarshalerFunc(func(inner ObjectEncoder) error {
				inner.AddString("in", "chicken")
				return nil
			}))
		}
		return nil
	}))
}

type turduckens int

func (t turduckens) MarshalLogArray(enc ArrayEncoder) error {
	var err error
	tur := turducken{}
	for i := 0; i < int(t); i++ {
		err = multierr.Append(err, enc.AppendObject(tur))
	}
	return err
}

type loggable struct{ bool }

func (l loggable) MarshalLogObject(enc ObjectEncoder) error {
	if !l.bool {
		return errors.New("can't marshal")
	}
	enc.AddString("loggable", "yes")
	return nil
}

func (l loggable) MarshalLogArray(enc ArrayEncoder) error {
	if !l.bool {
		return errors.New("can't marshal")
	}
	enc.AppendBool(true)
	return nil
}

// maybeNamespace is an ObjectMarshaler that sometimes opens a namespace
type maybeNamespace struct{ bool }

func (m maybeNamespace) MarshalLogObject(enc ObjectEncoder) error {
	enc.AddString("obj-out", "obj-outside-namespace")
	if m.bool {
		enc.OpenNamespace("obj-namespace")
		enc.AddString("obj-in", "obj-inside-namespace")
	}
	return nil
}

type noJSON struct{}

func (nj noJSON) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	return nil, errors.New("no")
}

func zapEncode(encode func(*jsonEncoder, string)) func(s string) []byte {
	return func(s string) []byte {
		enc := &jsonEncoder{buf: bufferpool.Get()}
		// Escape and quote a string using our encoder.
		var ret []byte
		encode(enc, s)
		ret = make([]byte, 0, enc.buf.Len()+2)
		ret = append(ret, '"')
		ret = append(ret, enc.buf.Bytes()...)
		ret = append(ret, '"')
		return ret
	}
}

func roundTripsCorrectly(encode func(string) []byte, original string) bool {
	// Encode using our encoder, decode using the standard library, and assert
	// that we haven't lost any information.
	encoded := encode(original)

	var decoded string
	err := json.Unmarshal(encoded, &decoded)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	return original == decoded
}

func roundTripsCorrectlyString(original string) bool {
	return roundTripsCorrectly(zapEncode((*jsonEncoder).safeAddString), original)
}

func roundTripsCorrectlyByteString(original string) bool {
	return roundTripsCorrectly(
		zapEncode(func(enc *jsonEncoder, s string) {
			enc.safeAddByteString([]byte(s))
		}),
		original)
}

type ASCII string

func (s ASCII) Generate(r *rand.Rand, size int) reflect.Value {
	bs := make([]byte, size)
	for i := range bs {
		bs[i] = byte(r.Intn(128))
	}
	a := ASCII(bs)
	return reflect.ValueOf(a)
}

func asciiRoundTripsCorrectlyString(s ASCII) bool {
	return roundTripsCorrectlyString(string(s))
}

func asciiRoundTripsCorrectlyByteString(s ASCII) bool {
	return roundTripsCorrectlyByteString(string(s))
}

func TestJSONQuick(t *testing.T) {
	check := func(f interface{}) {
		err := quick.Check(f, &quick.Config{MaxCountScale: 100.0})
		assert.NoError(t, err)
	}
	// Test the full range of UTF-8 strings.
	check(roundTripsCorrectlyString)
	check(roundTripsCorrectlyByteString)

	// Focus on ASCII strings.
	check(asciiRoundTripsCorrectlyString)
	check(asciiRoundTripsCorrectlyByteString)
}