diff --git a/docs/guide/api-javascript.md b/docs/guide/api-javascript.md
index 55c1510898cbdb..199507bc85b29e 100644
--- a/docs/guide/api-javascript.md
+++ b/docs/guide/api-javascript.md
@@ -119,6 +119,11 @@ interface ViteDevServer {
    * Fix ssr error stacktrace.
    */
   ssrFixStacktrace(e: Error): void
+  /**
+   * Triggers HMR for a module in the module graph. You can use the `server.moduleGraph`
+   * API to retrieve the module to be reloaded. If `hmr` is false, this is a no-op.
+   */
+  reloadModule(module: ModuleNode): Promise<void>
   /**
    * Start the server.
    */
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index e919302e1d0412..5e8296e5ad3aad 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ import {
   serveStaticMiddleware
 } from './middlewares/static'
 import { timeMiddleware } from './middlewares/time'
+import type { ModuleNode } from './moduleGraph'
 import { ModuleGraph } from './moduleGraph'
 import { errorMiddleware, prepareError } from './middlewares/error'
 import type { HmrOptions } from './hmr'
@@ -245,6 +246,11 @@ export interface ViteDevServer {
    * Mutates the given SSR error by rewriting the stacktrace
    */
   ssrFixStacktrace(e: Error): void
+  /**
+   * Triggers HMR for a module in the module graph. You can use the `server.moduleGraph`
+   * API to retrieve the module to be reloaded. If `hmr` is false, this is a no-op.
+   */
+  reloadModule(module: ModuleNode): Promise<void>
   /**
    * Start the server.
    */
@@ -382,6 +388,11 @@ export async function createServer(
     ssrRewriteStacktrace(stack: string) {
       return ssrRewriteStacktrace(stack, moduleGraph)
     },
+    async reloadModule(module) {
+      if (serverConfig.hmr !== false && module.file) {
+        updateModules(module.file, [module], Date.now(), server)
+      }
+    },
     async listen(port?: number, isRestart?: boolean) {
       await startServer(server, port, isRestart)
       if (httpServer) {
diff --git a/playground/hmr/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts b/playground/hmr/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts
index 70d5a1b9ace52e..143adea310f0d1 100644
--- a/playground/hmr/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/hmr/__tests__/hmr.spec.ts
@@ -651,11 +651,23 @@ if (!isBuild) {
   test('handle virtual module updates', async () => {
     await page.goto(viteTestUrl)
     const el = await page.$('.virtual')
-    expect(await el.textContent()).toBe('[success]')
+    expect(await el.textContent()).toBe('[success]0')
     editFile('importedVirtual.js', (code) => code.replace('[success]', '[wow]'))
     await untilUpdated(async () => {
       const el = await page.$('.virtual')
       return await el.textContent()
     }, '[wow]')
   })
+
+  test('invalidate virtual module', async () => {
+    await page.goto(viteTestUrl)
+    const el = await page.$('.virtual')
+    expect(await el.textContent()).toBe('[wow]0')
+    const btn = await page.$('.virtual-update')
+    btn.click()
+    await untilUpdated(async () => {
+      const el = await page.$('.virtual')
+      return await el.textContent()
+    }, '[wow]1')
+  })
 }
diff --git a/playground/hmr/hmr.ts b/playground/hmr/hmr.ts
index 473dff9fdbfb88..4af73ee48489f0 100644
--- a/playground/hmr/hmr.ts
+++ b/playground/hmr/hmr.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@ text('.dep', depFoo)
 text('.nested', nestedFoo)
 text('.virtual', virtual)
 
+const btn = document.querySelector('.virtual-update') as HTMLButtonElement
+btn.onclick = () => {
+  if (import.meta.hot) {
+    import.meta.hot.send('virtual:increment')
+  }
+}
+
 if (import.meta.hot) {
   import.meta.hot.accept(({ foo }) => {
     console.log('(self-accepting 1) foo is now:', foo)
diff --git a/playground/hmr/index.html b/playground/hmr/index.html
index b8d6065a9fd5e2..3ddd29be711a67 100644
--- a/playground/hmr/index.html
+++ b/playground/hmr/index.html
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
     href="./global.css?param=required"
   />
 </div>
+<button class="virtual-update">update virtual module</button>
+
 <script type="module" src="./hmr.ts"></script>
 <style>
   .import-image {
diff --git a/playground/hmr/vite.config.ts b/playground/hmr/vite.config.ts
index d68c0ed84e7135..2f817b2cb403ee 100644
--- a/playground/hmr/vite.config.ts
+++ b/playground/hmr/vite.config.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { defineConfig } from 'vite'
+import type { Plugin } from 'vite'
 
 export default defineConfig({
   experimental: {
@@ -20,18 +21,35 @@ export default defineConfig({
         })
       }
     },
-    {
-      name: 'virtual-file',
-      resolveId(id) {
-        if (id === 'virtual:file') {
-          return '\0virtual:file'
-        }
-      },
-      load(id) {
-        if (id === '\0virtual:file') {
-          return 'import { virtual } from "/importedVirtual.js"; export { virtual };'
-        }
-      }
-    }
+    virtualPlugin()
   ]
 })
+
+function virtualPlugin(): Plugin {
+  let num = 0
+  return {
+    name: 'virtual-file',
+    resolveId(id) {
+      if (id === 'virtual:file') {
+        return '\0virtual:file'
+      }
+    },
+    load(id) {
+      if (id === '\0virtual:file') {
+        return `\
+import { virtual as _virtual } from "/importedVirtual.js";
+export const virtual = _virtual + '${num}';`
+      }
+    },
+    configureServer(server) {
+      server.ws.on('virtual:increment', async () => {
+        const mod = await server.moduleGraph.getModuleByUrl('\0virtual:file')
+        console.log(mod)
+        if (mod) {
+          num++
+          server.reloadModule(mod)
+        }
+      })
+    }
+  }
+}