diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
index 06b222736667c8..acda2d3f7d0ff5 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/config.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import {
   dynamicImport,
   isExternalUrl,
   isObject,
+  isTS,
   lookupFile,
   mergeAlias,
   mergeConfig,
@@ -37,7 +38,12 @@ import {
 } from './utils'
 import { resolvePlugins } from './plugins'
 import type { ESBuildOptions } from './plugins/esbuild'
-import { CLIENT_ENTRY, DEFAULT_ASSETS_RE, ENV_ENTRY } from './constants'
+import {
+  CLIENT_ENTRY,
+  DEFAULT_ASSETS_RE,
+  DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILES,
+  ENV_ENTRY
+} from './constants'
 import type { InternalResolveOptions, ResolveOptions } from './plugins/resolve'
 import { resolvePlugin } from './plugins/resolve'
 import type { LogLevel, Logger } from './logger'
@@ -825,56 +831,20 @@ export async function loadConfigFromFile(
   const getTime = () => `${(performance.now() - start).toFixed(2)}ms`
 
   let resolvedPath: string | undefined
-  let isTS = false
-  let isESM = false
   let dependencies: string[] = []
 
-  // check package.json for type: "module" and set `isMjs` to true
-  try {
-    const pkg = lookupFile(configRoot, ['package.json'])
-    if (pkg && JSON.parse(pkg).type === 'module') {
-      isESM = true
-    }
-  } catch (e) {}
-
   if (configFile) {
     // explicit config path is always resolved from cwd
     resolvedPath = path.resolve(configFile)
-    isTS = configFile.endsWith('.ts')
-
-    if (configFile.endsWith('.mjs')) {
-      isESM = true
-    }
   } else {
     // implicit config file loaded from inline root (if present)
     // otherwise from cwd
-    const jsconfigFile = path.resolve(configRoot, 'vite.config.js')
-    if (fs.existsSync(jsconfigFile)) {
-      resolvedPath = jsconfigFile
-    }
-
-    if (!resolvedPath) {
-      const mjsconfigFile = path.resolve(configRoot, 'vite.config.mjs')
-      if (fs.existsSync(mjsconfigFile)) {
-        resolvedPath = mjsconfigFile
-        isESM = true
-      }
-    }
+    for (const filename of DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILES) {
+      const filePath = path.resolve(configRoot, filename)
+      if (!fs.existsSync(filePath)) continue
 
-    if (!resolvedPath) {
-      const tsconfigFile = path.resolve(configRoot, 'vite.config.ts')
-      if (fs.existsSync(tsconfigFile)) {
-        resolvedPath = tsconfigFile
-        isTS = true
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!resolvedPath) {
-      const cjsConfigFile = path.resolve(configRoot, 'vite.config.cjs')
-      if (fs.existsSync(cjsConfigFile)) {
-        resolvedPath = cjsConfigFile
-        isESM = false
-      }
+      resolvedPath = filePath
+      break
     }
   }
 
@@ -883,6 +853,19 @@ export async function loadConfigFromFile(
     return null
   }
 
+  let isESM = false
+  if (/\.m[jt]s$/.test(resolvedPath)) {
+    isESM = true
+  } else if (/\.c[jt]s$/.test(resolvedPath)) {
+    isESM = false
+  } else {
+    // check package.json for type: "module" and set `isESM` to true
+    try {
+      const pkg = lookupFile(configRoot, ['package.json'])
+      isESM = !!pkg && JSON.parse(pkg).type === 'module'
+    } catch (e) {}
+  }
+
   try {
     let userConfig: UserConfigExport | undefined
 
@@ -890,15 +873,16 @@ export async function loadConfigFromFile(
       const fileUrl = pathToFileURL(resolvedPath)
       const bundled = await bundleConfigFile(resolvedPath, true)
       dependencies = bundled.dependencies
-      if (isTS) {
+
+      if (isTS(resolvedPath)) {
         // before we can register loaders without requiring users to run node
         // with --experimental-loader themselves, we have to do a hack here:
         // bundle the config file w/ ts transforms first, write it to disk,
         // load it with native Node ESM, then delete the file.
-        fs.writeFileSync(resolvedPath + '.js', bundled.code)
-        userConfig = (await dynamicImport(`${fileUrl}.js?t=${Date.now()}`))
+        fs.writeFileSync(resolvedPath + '.mjs', bundled.code)
+        userConfig = (await dynamicImport(`${fileUrl}.mjs?t=${Date.now()}`))
           .default
-        fs.unlinkSync(resolvedPath + '.js')
+        fs.unlinkSync(resolvedPath + '.mjs')
         debug(`TS + native esm config loaded in ${getTime()}`, fileUrl)
       } else {
         // using Function to avoid this from being compiled away by TS/Rollup
@@ -972,7 +956,7 @@ async function bundleConfigFile(
       {
         name: 'inject-file-scope-variables',
         setup(build) {
-          build.onLoad({ filter: /\.[jt]s$/ }, async (args) => {
+          build.onLoad({ filter: /\.[cm]?[jt]s$/ }, async (args) => {
             const contents = await fs.promises.readFile(args.path, 'utf8')
             const injectValues =
               `const __dirname = ${JSON.stringify(path.dirname(args.path))};` +
@@ -982,7 +966,7 @@ async function bundleConfigFile(
               )};`
 
             return {
-              loader: args.path.endsWith('.ts') ? 'ts' : 'js',
+              loader: isTS(args.path) ? 'ts' : 'js',
               contents: injectValues + contents
             }
           })
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
index d45bfa088f80f1..d85130aba14499 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
@@ -20,6 +20,15 @@ export const DEFAULT_EXTENSIONS = [
   '.json'
 ]
 
+export const DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILES = [
+  'vite.config.js',
+  'vite.config.mjs',
+  'vite.config.ts',
+  'vite.config.cjs',
+  'vite.config.mts',
+  'vite.config.cts'
+]
+
 export const JS_TYPES_RE = /\.(?:j|t)sx?$|\.mjs$/
 
 export const OPTIMIZABLE_ENTRY_RE = /\.(?:m?js|ts)$/
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts
index 5967aadfc29f58..c554fa0396f87b 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/utils.ts
@@ -1056,3 +1056,5 @@ export function stripBomTag(content: string): string {
 
   return content
 }
+
+export const isTS = (filename: string): boolean => /\.[cm]?ts$/.test(filename)
diff --git a/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/resolve-config.spec.ts b/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/resolve-config.spec.ts
index 324d797ea31ad8..6682deb9805a34 100644
--- a/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/resolve-config.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/resolve-config.spec.ts
@@ -49,4 +49,20 @@ describe.runIf(isBuild)('build', () => {
     build('ts-module')
     expect(getDistFile('ts-module', 'js')).toContain('console.log(true)')
   })
+  it('loads vite.config.mts', () => {
+    build('mts')
+    expect(getDistFile('mts', 'mjs')).toContain('console.log(true)')
+  })
+  it('loads vite.config.mts with package#type module', () => {
+    build('mts-module')
+    expect(getDistFile('mts-module', 'js')).toContain('console.log(true)')
+  })
+  it('loads vite.config.cts', () => {
+    build('cts')
+    expect(getDistFile('cts', 'mjs')).toContain('console.log(true)')
+  })
+  it('loads vite.config.cts with package#type module', () => {
+    build('cts-module')
+    expect(getDistFile('cts-module', 'js')).toContain('console.log(true)')
+  })
 })
diff --git a/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/serve.ts b/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/serve.ts
index d61ee70b7df50a..b2cc1ccc1e1e77 100644
--- a/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/serve.ts
+++ b/playground/resolve-config/__tests__/serve.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import path from 'node:path'
 import fs from 'fs-extra'
 import { isBuild, rootDir } from '~utils'
 
-const configNames = ['js', 'cjs', 'mjs', 'ts']
+const configNames = ['js', 'cjs', 'mjs', 'ts', 'mts', 'cts']
 
 export async function serve() {
   if (!isBuild) return
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ export async function serve() {
     const pathToConf = fromTestDir(configName, `vite.config.${configName}`)
 
     await fs.copy(fromTestDir('root'), fromTestDir(configName))
-    await fs.rename(fromTestDir(configName, 'vite.config.js'), pathToConf)
+    await fs.rename(fromTestDir(configName, 'vite.config.ts'), pathToConf)
 
-    if (configName === 'cjs') {
+    if (['cjs', 'cts'].includes(configName)) {
       const conf = await fs.readFile(pathToConf, 'utf8')
       await fs.writeFile(
         pathToConf,
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ export async function serve() {
       )
     }
 
+    // Remove TS annotation for plain JavaScript file.
+    if (configName.endsWith('js')) {
+      const conf = await fs.readFile(pathToConf, 'utf8')
+      await fs.writeFile(pathToConf, conf.replace(': boolean', ''))
+    }
+
     // copy directory and add package.json with "type": "module"
     await fs.copy(fromTestDir(configName), fromTestDir(`${configName}-module`))
     await fs.writeJSON(fromTestDir(`${configName}-module`, 'package.json'), {
diff --git a/playground/resolve-config/root/vite.config.js b/playground/resolve-config/root/vite.config.ts
similarity index 69%
rename from playground/resolve-config/root/vite.config.js
rename to playground/resolve-config/root/vite.config.ts
index ed72046f940d59..a6ad03b2122361 100644
--- a/playground/resolve-config/root/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/resolve-config/root/vite.config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+const __CONFIG_LOADED__: boolean = true
 export default {
-  define: { __CONFIG_LOADED__: true },
+  define: { __CONFIG_LOADED__ },
   logLevel: 'silent',
   build: {
     minify: false,