diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index 238725da4b4458..d25ab50aa749e5 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -31,10 +31,7 @@ import {
 } from '../utils'
 import { ssrLoadModule } from '../ssr/ssrModuleLoader'
 import { cjsSsrResolveExternals } from '../ssr/ssrExternal'
-import {
-  rebindErrorStacktrace,
-  ssrRewriteStacktrace,
-} from '../ssr/ssrStacktrace'
+import { ssrFixStacktrace, ssrRewriteStacktrace } from '../ssr/ssrStacktrace'
 import { ssrTransform } from '../ssr/ssrTransform'
 import {
   getDepsOptimizer,
@@ -388,10 +385,7 @@ export async function createServer(
       )
     },
     ssrFixStacktrace(e) {
-      if (e.stack) {
-        const stacktrace = ssrRewriteStacktrace(e.stack, moduleGraph)
-        rebindErrorStacktrace(e, stacktrace)
-      }
+      ssrFixStacktrace(e, moduleGraph)
     },
     ssrRewriteStacktrace(stack: string) {
       return ssrRewriteStacktrace(stack, moduleGraph)
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/modules/has-error.js b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/modules/has-error.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ef6d5d4df85621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/fixtures/modules/has-error.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+throw new Error()
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts
index a21b0673e1f36d..8b81372a2697dd 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrLoadModule.spec.ts
@@ -21,3 +21,23 @@ test('ssrLoad', async () => {
     )
   }
 })
+
+test('error has same instance', async () => {
+  expect.assertions(3)
+  const s = Symbol()
+
+  const server = await createDevServer()
+  try {
+    await server.ssrLoadModule('/fixtures/modules/has-error.js')
+  } catch (e) {
+    expect(e[s]).toBeUndefined()
+    e[s] = true
+    expect(e[s]).toBe(true)
+  }
+
+  try {
+    await server.ssrLoadModule('/fixtures/modules/has-error.js')
+  } catch (e) {
+    expect(e[s]).toBe(true)
+  }
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrStacktrace.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrStacktrace.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c7f89822171794
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/__tests__/ssrStacktrace.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
+import { test } from 'vitest'
+import { createServer } from '../../server'
+
+const root = fileURLToPath(new URL('./', import.meta.url))
+
+async function createDevServer() {
+  const server = await createServer({ configFile: false, root })
+  server.pluginContainer.buildStart({})
+  return server
+}
+
+test('call rewriteStacktrace twice', async () => {
+  const server = await createDevServer()
+  for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+    try {
+      await server.ssrLoadModule('/fixtures/modules/has-error.js')
+    } catch (e) {
+      server.ssrFixStacktrace(e)
+    }
+  }
+})
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrModuleLoader.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrModuleLoader.ts
index 9c9916ca616564..8f1b377ab70060 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrModuleLoader.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrModuleLoader.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   ssrImportMetaKey,
   ssrModuleExportsKey,
 } from './ssrTransform'
-import { rebindErrorStacktrace, ssrRewriteStacktrace } from './ssrStacktrace'
+import { ssrFixStacktrace } from './ssrStacktrace'
 
 interface SSRContext {
   global: typeof globalThis
@@ -203,10 +203,9 @@ async function instantiateModule(
   } catch (e) {
     mod.ssrError = e
     if (e.stack && fixStacktrace) {
-      const stacktrace = ssrRewriteStacktrace(e.stack, moduleGraph)
-      rebindErrorStacktrace(e, stacktrace)
+      ssrFixStacktrace(e, moduleGraph)
       server.config.logger.error(
-        `Error when evaluating SSR module ${url}:\n${stacktrace}`,
+        `Error when evaluating SSR module ${url}:\n${e.stack}`,
         {
           timestamp: true,
           clear: server.config.clearScreen,
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrStacktrace.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrStacktrace.ts
index cad1bd17e0422e..53e897d096b9cd 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrStacktrace.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/ssrStacktrace.ts
@@ -71,3 +71,16 @@ export function rebindErrorStacktrace(e: Error, stacktrace: string): void {
     e.stack = stacktrace
   }
 }
+
+const rewroteStacktraces = new WeakSet()
+
+export function ssrFixStacktrace(e: Error, moduleGraph: ModuleGraph): void {
+  if (!e.stack) return
+  // stacktrace shouldn't be rewritten more than once
+  if (rewroteStacktraces.has(e)) return
+
+  const stacktrace = ssrRewriteStacktrace(e.stack, moduleGraph)
+  rebindErrorStacktrace(e, stacktrace)
+
+  rewroteStacktraces.add(e)
+}